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Exploring the variability of musical-emotional expression over historical time
No full textA listening experiment was designed to test whether modern listeners perceive the same affective content in Baroque music as the composer intended to portray. Listeners rated three musical examples from Johann David Heinichen’s 1728 treatise Der General-Bass in der Composition for valence and arousal. Examples were chosen based on descriptions by the composer in which he outlined their intended affective content. Results showed a significant mismatch between original descriptions and listener ratings, indicating a change in the perceived affective content of the music. The historical variability of musical-emotional expression in general, with a focus on the role of structural emotion cues (particularly mode), is discussed, closing with suggestions for future research in the area of historical musical emotio
Commentary on “Embodiment Consciousness in Music Performance Pedagogy” by Alves and Nogueira
No full textThis commentary on Alves and Nogueira (2024) proposes a potential approach to compare expert and non-expert music teachers’ use of embodied teaching strategies in one-to-one lessons with advanced performance students. The approach is hypothesis-driven, and builds on Alves and Nogueira’s theoretical framework of expert competency domains, as well as empirical studies of musical communication and one-to-one teaching strategies. It is argued that a comprehensive definition of embodied teaching strategies should be conceptualized in terms of the quality of teacher–student interactions and the measurable outcomes of those interactions, and that it should account for the wide range of verbal and non-verbal forms of embodied musical communication that arise
The Woodland Muskox Bootherium bombifrons (Artiodactyla, Bovidae) from Hebron, Licking County, Ohio, USA and its Paleoecology in the Great Lakes Region
No full textThe braincase with horn cores of a male, extinct woodland muskox (Bootherium bombifrons) was recovered from a wetland near Hebron, Licking County, Ohio, in 1995. The fossil remains were preserved in sediments associated with a pro-glacial lake on the eastern margin of the Scioto lobe of the Laurentide ice sheet. An 853 cm long sediment core was analyzed, and its pollen record was used to reconstruct changes in the region’s late Pleistocene paleoecology, which was barren landscape immediately following deglaciation. This transitioned to a spruce-dominated forest, and finally a deciduous forest. While most previous records of Bootherium have been associated with spruce-dominated habitat, the Hebron muskox lived in an environment with forests dominated by deciduous trees with only minor amounts of spruce. A paleoclimatic model—based on multiple records of Bootherium—indicates the wide distribution of the species south of the maximum continental ice sheets was due to its lesser cold tolerance and higher warm temperature tolerance than the modern muskox. Based on 2 averaged direct AMS radiocarbon measurements on the muskox skull, its age is 11,086 ± 18 radiocarbon years (13,093 to 12,926 calendar years BP) making it the youngest radiocarbon dated individual of Bootherium bombifrons. This date suggests the eventual extinction of the species may be related to the decline of its preferred habitat as climates changed at the end of the Pleistocene
Experiences of Undergraduate Students Enrolled in a University Instructional Physical Activity Course: Exploring Factors Contributing to Behavior Modification
No full textBackground: There is a trend of decreased daily physical activity among college students. Demands of coursework, hectic schedules, and stress often prevent students from engaging in regular exercise, leading to negative impacts on mental and physical well-being. University Instructional Physical Activity Programs have the potential to address this issue by offering courses that can encourage healthier habits and promote wellness.
Aim: The purpose of this study was to analyze the experiences of undergraduate students enrolled in a two-credit elective physical activity course.
Methods: Participants were 587 undergraduate students enrolled in an online instructional physical activity course. Data collection included a survey consisting of three questions on a five-point Likert scale and one open-ended response regarding their experience in the course.
Results: Descriptive survey data indicated positive trends regarding participants’ experience. Based on thematic analysis, qualitative data produced four themes including (1) awareness, (2) accountability, (3) ease and convenience, and (4) behavior change.
Conclusions: Participants had an overall positive response to wearing an activity tracker in an online physical activity course and believed the awareness the activity tracker provided changed their daily behaviors, enabled health outcomes, and changed future intentions for physical activity. This study provides insight into the inclusion of technology to facilitate physical activity in college-age students.
Aim: The purpose of this study was to analyze the experiences of undergraduate students enrolled in a two-credit elective physical activity course.
Methods: Participants were 587 undergraduate students enrolled in an online instructional physical activity course. Data collection included a survey consisting of three questions on a five-point Likert scale and one open-ended response regarding their experience in the course.
Results: Descriptive survey data indicated positive trends regarding participants’ experience. Based on thematic analysis, qualitative data produced four themes including (1) awareness, (2) accountability, (3) ease and convenience, and (4) behavior change.
Conclusions: Participants had an overall positive response to wearing an activity tracker in an online physical activity course and believed the awareness the activity tracker provided changed their daily behaviors, enabled health outcomes, and changed future intentions for physical activity. This study provides insight into the inclusion of technology to facilitate physical activity in college-age students.
5-Years of Wellness: Changes in Wellness Scores in a Conceptual-Based Instructional Physical Activity Program Before, During, and After COVID
No full textBackground: With instructional formats changing due to COVID-19 and college student wellness being affected by the pandemic, it is essential to examine the effects of Instructional Physical Activity Programs (IPAP) on college student wellness. These results show that prior to, during, and after COVID, an IPAP program can play a role in helping college students achieve and maintain wellness.
Aim: This study reports the impact of an IPAP on college students’ wellness over five years.
Methods: Undergraduate college students enrolled in sections of an online wellness course within an IPAP from Fall 2019 through Spring 2024 semesters (n =15,615) were assessed using the Wellness Inventory, which examines 12 dimensions of wellness. Assessments were conducted at the beginning (pre) and end (post) of the semester. Paired sample t-tests were used to assess significance of changes and effect sizes (Cohen’s d).
Results: All 12 dimensions of wellness increased from pre- to post-test semester to semester. Results were statistically significant (p > .05), and effect sizes ranged from small (d = .24) to large (d = 1.13).
Conclusions: Instructional Physical Activity Programs that include a wellness component can be a useful intervention to help students improve multiple dimensions of wellness
Igou, Amish Voices: A Collection of Amish Writings; Igou, Amish Voices, Volume 2: In Their Own Words, 1993–2020
No full textNo abstract available
Application of The Healthy Migrant Theory to Maternal Morbidity and Mortality Data in Ohio
No full textBACKGROUND: The Healthy Migrant Theory is a phenomenon describing a protective effect regarding specific health outcomes when a person of color is born outside of the U.S. Previous literature has focused on the application of this theory to infant outcomes, leaving its application to maternal outcomes mostly unstudied. The objective of this research is to determine whether the Healthy Migrant Theory holds true to maternal morbidity in the Ohio population.
METHODS: Birth record data from the Ohio Department of Health was analyzed from 2015-2020 that included mothers identifying as White or Black and data where country of birth was available (n=717,300). Mothers were grouped by race and nationality. Maternal morbidity and socioeconomic status (SES) were analyzed. One-way ANOVA was used to examine associations between SES and number of maternal morbidity events. Binary logistic regression models were developed to examine the relationships among race, nationality, and occurrence of maternal morbidity events. Interaction between race and nationality was also evaluated.
RESULTS: Among black mothers, nationality was significantly associated with the likelihood of any maternal morbidity event occurring (OR= 1.659; 95% CI= 1.534, 1.795; p< 0.001), with foreign-born mothers having about 1.66 times greater odds of having a maternal morbidity event. This relationship persisted after adjusting for SES. No statistical difference in low SES indicators was found between foreign-born Black mothers and US-born Black mothers (p= 0.349, 95% CI= -0.007, 0.030).
DISCUSSION: Our findings appear to contradict the Healthy Migrant Theory. More research regarding treatment and outcomes of foreign-born Black mothers must be implemented to better understand the nuances of the application of this theory to maternal outcomes. Caution should be taken when comparing infant and maternal outcomes and interventions since they may not be as closely connected as previously thought. Limitations of this project include inaccuracies in data collection from birth certificates, limited morbidity variables, and lack of stratification based on country of origin
The Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences in Ohio: Changes from 2015 to 2019
No full textBackground: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with long-term negative health outcomes including substance use and mental health disorders. Little is known about how exposure to ACEs impacts health care access in adulthood.
Methods: We examined the prevalence of ACEs in 2015 and 2019 in Ohio. We analyzed relationships between ACEs and self-reported health outcomes, with a focus on health care access and utilization. We examined the 2015 and 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data from 14 247 persons who resided in Ohio. We stratified participants by ACE prevalence and assessed demographic differences between groups. Multivariable and multinomial logistic regression models were used to analyze health-related outcomes of interest.
Results: The prevalence of experiencing any ACE increased from 2015 to 2019, from approximately 62% to 68%. Exposure to ACEs was associated with smoking (OR = 3.167), binge drinking (OR = 3.259), and heavy drinking (OR = 4.455). Persons with any ACEs had increased odds of no health insurance (OR = 1.435) and increased odds of not having a doctor for any reason (OR = 1.722). Persons with 3 ACEs had 4.307 times the odds of depression, and this increased to 8.250 among persons with 5 or more ACEs. There was no association between ACEs and hypertension, cancer, heart attacks, stroke, and diabetes.
Conclusion: These findings support the hypothesis that ACEs have a long-term effect on health and access to health care. Findings from this study may inform interventions to reduce the incidence and long-term sequelae of ACEs