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Chronic Illness Education 2024: Strategies and Resources to Identify Adult Depression and Anxiety in Medical Students
No full textChronic Illness Education 2024: Capturing Undiagnosed Hypertension in Ophthalmology Clinics
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A Chance to Be Kinder? Peer Status Profiles and Changes in Prosocial and Aggressive Behavior in Adolescence
No full textThe well-known associations of peer status (acceptance and rejection) with prosocial and aggressive behaviors have mostly relied on peer status measures assessed at a single time point. This study adopted a person-oriented approach to examine longitudinal links between stable peer status profiles assessed at two time points and prosocial and aggressive behavior using latent profile analysis and latent transition analysis based on three waves of data collected among 324 Chilean adolescents (56.3% male, Mage = 12.31, SD = 0.58). First, latent profile analysis identified four status profiles: moderately accepted, moderately rejected, controversial, and highly rejected. Second, we examined the 6-month stability of these profiles during the same academic year (seventh grade, Waves 1 and 2) with latent transition analysis. Results showed that the moderately accepted group was highly stable, with an 87% chance of remaining accepted at T2, followed by the highly rejected (78%), controversial (69%), and moderately rejected (49%), who had a 35% probability of moving into the accepted group. Third, we tested how stable status profiles at two time points predicted changes in prosocial and aggressive behavior during the transition from seventh to eighth grade (Wave 3). When the new academic year began, prosocial behavior increased for the moderately rejected group but not for the highly rejected group. Aggressive behavior decreased in the highly rejected and controversial groups. Implications for the role of stable peer status in the social behavior of early adolescents in educational settings are discussed, with particular attention to the transition to a new academic year
Dimensional Changes in the Skulls of Ancient Children with Age in Xinjiang, China
Get PDFMany scholars have conducted research on the growth patterns of children’s skulls in terms of skull size, head circumference, cranial cavity volume, and so forth. This study compared and analyzed 20 skull measurement indexes of different ages from 38 children’s skulls (aged 2–15) and 87 adult female skulls (aged 20–40) at the Zaghunluq cemetery in Xinjiang, China, in an attempt to figure out how the size Children’s of ancient children’s skulls changed with age. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there were significant differences between the six age groups (2 years, 3–5 years, 6–8 years, 9–11 years, 12–15 years, and adults) in terms of metrical cranial traits, cranial area, and cranial cavity volume. The study indicated that the skull kept growing from ages 3 to 5, 12 to 15, and 15 to adulthood, implying that the skull sizes of ancient children in Xinjiang continued to increase with age. In addition, the study revealed that children aged 12 to 15 had skulls that were significantly smaller than those of adults. This finding showed that the skulls of ancient children in Xinjiang were not fully developed at the age of 15. It is also important to note that differences existed between age groups in both the developmental traits of the cranium and the rate at which the skull changes
Insular and Amygdala Origin Seizures: Unmasked with Electrocorticography (ECOG)
Get PDFInsular and Amygdala Origin Seizures: Unmasked with Electrocorticography (ECOG)
Introduction:
Insula and amygdala have a large network of connections to other cortical regions. Seizures originating from these structures may become evident only after propagation to other structures. High degree of attention must be paid to auras and seizure semiology in patients with medically intractable epilepsy.
Methodology:
We have described a series of three adult male patients with focal intractable epilepsy who did not have structural lesions on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Patients underwent MRI, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan, scalp electroencephalography (EEG), and stereo EEG implantation.
Results:
All three patients were found to have seizures originating from deeper structures with two having insular origins while the third patient had amygdala origin. Results with Individual ECOG data are described in the table and figures.
Conclusion:
Scalp EEG may not be adequate to determine seizures originating from deeper structures, which potentially contributes to delayed diagnosis. Focusing on patients\u27 auras and semiology in these cases was found to be impactful in epileptic zone localization
P2Y2 Inhibition Modifies the Anabolic Response to Exercise in Adult Mice
Get PDFOsteocytes serve as a sensory network that responds to dynamic loading of the skeleton and play a crucial role in regulating bone mass while maintaining bone quality [1]. Osteocytes’ induction of bone formation in response to loading is extremely age dependent, such that clinical studies have shown exercise to be less and less effective as we age [2,3]. As a result, modifying osteocytes’ mechanosensitivity may enable older adults to better capitalize on the anabolic nature of exercise to increase bone mass and reduce fracture risk. Based on our previous work, P2Y2 activation down-regulates the mechanosensitivity of bone cells by increasing actin-stress fiber formation, and thereby presents a novel mechanism that limits the anabolic response to loading [4]. Therefore, the central hypothesis states that inhibiting P2Y2 activity can enhance the anabolic response to loading. To test this hypothesis, the anabolic response to exercise was examined by treating adult mice, which typically display a minimal response, with the P2Y2 inhibitor AR-C118925XX
The Roles of Lower Glycolytic Enzymes and Transporters in Regulating the Integrity of Retinal Vascular Endothelial Cell Barrier
Get PDFPurpose: Damage to the retinal endothelial cells (RECs) is implicated in the progression of retinal degenerative diseases, including diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema. While the role of glycolysis in glucose homeostasis is well-established, its contribution to REC barrier assembly remains unclear. In this study we investigated the importance of lower glycolytic components in maintaining the barrier integrity of human RECs (HRECs). Methods: Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) technology was employed to analyze the real-time impact of various glycolytic enzymes and transporters on the maintenance of HREC barrier integrity, represented by resistance (R) across the cells. Heptelidic acid was used to inhibit glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH); NG52 to inhibit phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1); AP-III-a4 to inhibit enolase; shikonin to inhibit pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2); galloflavin to inhibit lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); AZD3965 to inhibit monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1); and MSDC-0160 to inhibit mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC). Concentrations of 1 µM and 10 µM were tested for each inhibitor. The viability of the HRECs was evaluated using an LDH cytotoxicity assay at 24 and 48 hours. Results: R across the HRECs was most significantly decreased with PKM2 inhibition with shikonin and GAPDH inhibition using heptelidic acid, which was not due to reduced cellular viability. Interestingly, inhibition of PGK1 with NG52 had a protective effect on HREC barrier integrity. Conclusions: This study highlights the critical role of PKM2 and GAPDH in maintaining the barrier integrity of HRECs. Understanding the contributions of each glycolytic component to the HREC barrier facilitates the development of targeted interventions to treat retinal endothelial cell dysfunction
Operative versus nonoperative management for diverticulitis complicated by abscess
Get PDFA clinical decision report using:
You K, Bendl R, Taut C, et al. Randomized clinical trial of elective resection versus observation in diverticulitis with extraluminal air or abscess initially managed conservatively. Br J Surg. 2018;105(8):971-979. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.10868
for a patient with a recurrent diverticulitis complicated by abscess formation
Using Social Presence Theory to Understand and Reduce the Transmission of Cybergossip Among Adolescents
No full textGossip is an important part of adolescent development. Although gossip can be used for negative influence, it can also be used for positive relational purposes such as establishing norms and creating intimacy. Discerning the gossip sharer’s motives is important for receivers to determine how to react. However, the lack of visual and tonal cues in online exchanges can create miscommunications and misunderstandings about gossip intentions. Research has not yet identified a theoretical framework that can address the added interpersonal challenges of sharing gossip in online settings (i.e., cybergossip). A theory to consider addressing this gap is social presence theory (SPT). This article will argue how SPT can provide a framework for understanding the motivations and needs of gossip sharers in online settings and explain how receivers can promote social presence and mitigate the spread of cybergossip