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No full textCorrection of Racial/Ethnicity Categories in “Long-Term Association Between Parental Warmth and Social-Emotional Well-Being for Children With Disabilities
Theorizing Rabbinic Folklore: The Miraculous Sleep of the Holy Man
Get PDFThe miraculous sleep (ATU 766) is a well-known, recurring tale-type observed in Abrahamic folktales since the Second Temple period. This study compares variants of ATU 766 on three levels of analysis: as a popular tale in Jewish, Christian, and Muslim writings from late antiquity and early medieval times; as a Jewish rendition; and as a multiple tale-type in rabbinic literature. The analysis engages with Dan Ben-Amos’s critical work concerning the use of syntactic methods in folklore studies to analyze Midrash and Aggadah. The essay offers a new theoretical perspective on rabbinic folklore using the notions of tale-type, ecotype, conglomerate, and motif as discourse formations of different scales
A Hood Is Not a Hat: On Translating Fairy-Tale Fashion
No full textThis article explores the process of translating Ogawa Yōko’s short story, “Zukin kurabu” (The Riding Hood Club) from Japanese into English, with a focus on the theme of fashion, clothing, and costume, and against the backdrop of the history of Japanese translations of Perrault’s and the Grimms’ stories of “Little Red Riding Hood.” The article considers how the translation process itself may inform an investigation into fashion and sewing in fairy-tale retellings across languages and cultures. Translating this story, with reference to its accompanying illustrations, highlighted the complex functions of ideas of “Japanese-ness,” “Western-ness,” and gender in Japanese retellings of European fairy tales
How Do Selected Biomedical and Health Sciences Journals React to Submissions of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Assisted Manuscripts?
Get PDFBackground and Objectives: Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) increasingly impacts research and scholarly communication. Given the evolving application of ChatGPT and other AI tools in scholarly communications, health sciences librarians must become cognizant of any existing journal publishing guidelines for AI-created or assisted manuscripts. The study aims to examine how scholarly biomedical and health sciences journals and publishers respond to submissions of these manuscripts and what requirements or policies have been put in place to guide and instruct authors on AI use.
Methods: We first retrieved and consolidated a list of journals representing disciplines in biomedical and health sciences from four sources: Scopus, Journal Citation Report (JCR), Google Scholar (GS), and Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). To consolidate and finalize journal titles for the study, we selected all journal titles overlapped among Scopus, JCR, and Google Scholar (GS) and retained several journals unique to Google Scholar. From DOAJ, the top 50 journals were included, given the wide acceptance of open access (OA) journal publication in the current academic climate and the increasing influence of OA journals in the scholarly publishing arena. We then reviewed the selected journals’ instructions for authors or submission guidelines available online to identify any specific policies, requirements, procedures, and terms related to AI-generated or assisted content. We created and piloted a standard data charting form, including data elements on AI statements, the permission of AI in manuscript writing, restrictions on AI authorship and citation, and requirements for disclosure or acknowledgment of AI use in manuscripts. Two authors, independently and in duplicate, charted data elements to be analyzed and synthesized in a duo process for any trends and emerging patterns of requirements regarding the use of AI in journal article submissions.
Results: A consolidated list of 25 journals was selected for the review from the top 50 journals in medicine ranked by CiteScore from Scopus, the top 50 journals sorted by Journal Impact Factor (JIF) from JCR, mainly in the categories of clinical medicine, biology and biochemistry, the top 20 journal titles in health and medical sciences in GS, and the top 50 journals in medicine from DOAJ. Of the 25 selected journals, 22 had AI statements either created on their own (n=14) or adapted from other organizations (n=8). The AI statements or guidelines identified varied. There were no standards or guidelines for AI use by authors in scholarly publishing. No AI use guidelines were found in 3 journals.
Conclusions: Varying applications of AI chatbots have emerged in different fields, including scholarly communications. Given the uncertainty about the impact of AI and the need for guiding principles in scholarly communications involving AI use, health sciences librarians must keep pace with emerging AL requirements of academic journals. The results shared and presented shed light on these requirements and will be helpful to health sciences librarians as they guide, support, and teach researchers and writers about the judicious use of AI and any ethical ramifications of its application in their scholarly activities
Using Genetically Heterogenous Mice To Identify Regulators Of Immune Checkpoint Blockade Response
No full textImmune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICI) have dramatically improved patient outcomes in metastatic lung cancer, metastatic melanoma, subtypes of renal cancer and others. However, despite the clinical success, most patients still fail to have a durable response. Understanding what determines response and predicting who will respond to therapy is essential to improving patient outcomes. To investigate genetic underpinnings of ICI response we utilized F1 crosses of C57Bl/6 with Diversity Outbred mice (DOB6F1) and multiple Collaborative Cross (CC) strains to identify and validate (respectively) genetic loci that associated with response to ICI. The genomic data suggested that the lactation and immunomodulatory peptide prolactin played a role in response. We demonstrated that in C57Bl/6 mice prolactin can be used to augment ICI response. During studies investigating genetic underpinnings of response, we observed several tumors with a dramatic delay in tumor development after cessation of ICI therapy. Transcriptomic analysis of late onset tumors suggested that IFNγ, despite being necessary for a robust immune response, was playing a role in acquired resistance to ICI. We utilized a responding strain of CC mice to investigate whether a short treatment of B16 cells with IFNγ prior to implantation results in a more ICI resistant tumor. We observed inconsistent results suggesting IFNγ plays a nuanced role in anti-tumor immune responses. This is consistent with published literature that IFNγ has both pro and anti-tumor effects. We also sought to further develop a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer targeting IFNγ as a non-invasive method to monitor or predict response to ICI. We demonstrated that our PET tracer has significantly higher tumor uptake in mice treated with ICI, and that tumor tracer uptake correlates to treatment outcome. Since IFNγ is an important component of a normal immune response, we also demonstrated that at the imaging dose we do not have a detrimental impact on ICI outcome. This work demonstrates that heritable genetic information contributes to response to ICI, and that a PET tracer to IFNγ can predict response to ICI in a mouse model. Additionally, we generated murine models that can be used to improve rigor in tumor immunology
Identification Of The Coordination Compounds Formed In The Ion Flotation Recovery Of Co3+ And Ni2+ Ions Using Amine Chelators And Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
No full textThis dissertation focused on the following objectives: (i) to leverage fundamental coordination chemistry principles and HSAB theory to enhance the efficiency of cobalt removal from solution, and (ii) to examine how coordination chemistry influences the formation of thermodynamically favored complexes, as well as to gain insights into the interactions within metal-chelato and metal-chelator-surfactant systems. The first objective was tested based on the hypothesis that selecting ligands with medium hardness that provide the appropriate cavity or pocket size can drive the formation of the favored thermodynamic product. This involves establishing ligand field energies that lead to improved cobalt recovery. For the second objective, we hypothesized that cyclic and linear ligands containing multiple amines might deliver the appropriate hardness, cavity size, and ligand fields necessary to achieve nickel recovery via ion flotation. As such, amine-based ligands and sodium dodecyl sulfate were used in the recovery of cobalt using the ion flotation technique. We investigated the role of chelators in promoting the solubility of the metal-chelate complex at various pH levels and their adsorption to the surfactant, which leads to higher metal recoveries. Coordination chemistry was employed to determine the binding modes of metal-chelate complexes using chelators with varying charge biting angle and pocket/cavity sizes to drive the formation of octahedral geometry for Co3⁺complexes. Flotation experiments were conducted with a series of chelators: ethylenediamine (en), triethylenetetramine (222), 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane (323), N,N′-bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,3-propanediamine (333), and 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (cyclen). The collector surfactants included cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) as cationic surfactants, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium dodecanoate (SDD) as anionic surfactants. Co3⁺ recoveries with collector surfactants alone showed pH 11 = 41% for CPC, pH 11 = 47% for CTAB, pH 1 = 34% for SDD, and pH 8 = 97% for SDS. The results indicate that the highest recoveries were achieved with 222 and 323 at pH 11 using SDS, yielding recoveries of \u3e 95%, while cyclen showed a recovery of 78% at the same pH.Coordination chemistry, which was the determining factor, suggested that Co:222 forms a strained 2:3 complex, while Co:cyclen and Co:323 drive the formation of a 1:1 complex. This suggests that the tetradentate ligands coordinate to the metal in a pseudo-square planar geometry, with two solvent molecules coordinating to the metal to form the octahedral geometry of the cobalt complexes. Thus, ligands with larger pocket/cavity sizes facilitate the formation of thermodynamically favored products. We explored the same ligands with SDS for nickel recovery. The recovery studies indicated that 99% of nickel was recovered at a pH of 11. Similar to cobalt, ligands 222 and en faced steric issues when coordinating to nickel, resulting in the formation of 2:3 and 1:3 metal-chelate ratios, respectively. Speciation studies suggested that the smaller cavity sizes led to the formation of multiple species in solution, including nickel hydroxide at basic pH. In contrast, ligands 323, 333, and cyclen coordinated to nickel in a 1:1 ratio, suggesting that the tetradentate amines wrap themselves around the metal in a pseudo-octahedral geometry, with two solvent molecules binding at axial positions to form an octahedral geometry complex with nickel. This confirms that ligands with appropriate cavity sizes drive the formation of the most stable, thermodynamically favored products. Selectivity was observed as a function of pH when the tetradentate ligands 323, 333, and cyclen were used for the recovery of cobalt, nickel, and gadolinium. Gadolinium was recovered at pH 7-8, achieving recoveries of 80%. However, as the pH increased, the recovery of gadolinium decreased to nearly zero, while cobalt and nickel maintained higher recovery values at this pH. Therefore, gadolinium can be selectively removed at a pH of 8 using ligands 333 and cyclen. To investigate the incorporation of both chelators and surfactants, two new chelating surfactants were synthesized with NO₂ and SO₃ functional groups in their ligand framework, potentially for use in ion flotation studies. However, coordination studies could not be conducted because the chelating surfactants were not coordinating with the metals This dissertation has bridged the gap between coordination chemistry and ion flotation. The data suggest that the chelate cavity size, HSAB character, denticity, and donicity of chelators drive the formation of the thermodynamically favored geometry. The research has identified pH as the key factor in selective metal recovery. Understanding the binding modes of metal-chelate and metal-chelate-surfactant interactions will enhance the design of better systems for selective metal recovery through ion flotation
Examining The Use Of Credit-Based Transition Programs (cbtp) Leading To Stem Degrees And Increased Access To Higher Education
No full textObjective: The study assessed the association of participation in Credit Based Transition Programs (CBTP) and the academic outcomes related to STEM and cumulative GPAs for students majoring in Biology, Chemistry, Biochemistry and Neuroscience majors at the Wayne State University. Method: This study included 908 students in the Fall 2018 and Fall 2019 cohorts of FTIAC students enrolling in the specified majors at Wayne State University. Regression models were estimated to study the relationship between CBTP participation, entry-level STEM course and the academic outcomes related to STEM and cumulative GPA and STEM major persistence and graduation. A correlational analysis was also performed to investigate the relationship between the number of earned CBTP credits and the association academic outcomes. Results: The analyses identified that on average CBTP participants (a) demonstrated significantly higher academic performance compared to non-CBTP students, (b) across all earned credit ranges demonstrate significantly higher GPAs compared to non-CBTP students and (c) experienced higher persistence and graduation rates in STEM fields and lower stopout rates compared to non-CBTP students. Contributions: This study contributes to the literature showing that participation in CBTP prior to transition into a STEM major at the university is associated with improved academic outcomes and has a positive relationship with improved persistence and graduation in STEM majors. Policy recommendations are to improve communication and collaboration between secondary and post-secondary institutions related to CBTP programs and to develop strategic academic plans and advising strategies aligning with intended student majors related to course selection for CBTP participants
Toward Biocompatible Assessment Of N-15 Hyperpolarized Metronidazole For Hypoxia Sensing
No full textRecent advances in hyperpolarization, particularly Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE), have enhanced molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for in vivo applications. This study investigates [15N3]metronidazole, a tri-nitrogen-labeled derivative of an FDA-approved antibiotic, as a hypoxia-sensitive imaging agent. Under hypoxic conditions, the nitroimidazole group undergoes stepwise reduction to an amino group, inducing significant 15N chemical shift changes (30–600 ppm). We aim to develop an iridium catalyst-free, biocompatible hyperpolarized (HP) [15N3]metronidazole formulation exhibiting robust polarization (up to 15%) and extended T1 lifetimes (~10 min). Three specific objectives guide this work: (1) formulation of a HP injectable with enhanced 15N detection, (2) evaluation of in vitro cytotoxicity, and (3) assessment of in vivo imaging performance. Although prior studies used dissolution DNP and SABRE-SHEATH techniques, none produced a biocompatible formulation. This approach offers a non-radioactive, non-ionizing MRI platform for hypoxia detection and may extend to other physiologically relevant 15N labeled compounds