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A Longitudinal Study of Maternal Depression and Anxiety and Preschool Executive Functioning and Receptive Vocabulary as Predictors of Elementary School Academic Competence
No full textEarly emerging executive functioning is associated with important emotional, social, and academic outcomes, including academic competence in elementary school. Employing a family study design, the current study investigated preschoolers’ executive functioning and receptive vocabulary knowledge, maternal depression and anxiety measured when the children were in preschool, and elementary school academic competence longitudinally. The primary aim of the research was to examine relations between preschooler executive functioning and receptive vocabulary, maternal depression and anxiety, and parent-rated elementary school academic competence. Families with two children between 2.5 and 5.5 years of age (n = 198; mean age = 3.88, SD = 1.04) participated in online surveys, a laboratory visit, and another online survey after the children entered elementary school. Preschool inhibitory control and receptive vocabulary were significantly associated with academic competence in elementary school (but working memory was not), child age was related to preschool executive functioning and receptive vocabulary, and maternal depression was associated with preschool receptive vocabulary. Our longitudinal findings indicate that enhancing early inhibitory control and receptive vocabulary could support transitions to elementary school
Opioid Use During Pregnancy: Effects Of Buprenorphine & Morphine On The Maternal Brain & Maternal Behavior
No full textOpioid Use Disorder (OUD) is a global epidemic that affects women of reproductive age. Medications for OUD (MOUD) are the standard pharmacological treatment for OUD, with buprenorphine (BUP) being the preferred medication for pregnant women. However, the effects of BUP exposure on the Maternal Brain Network (MBN) and mother-infant dyad are not fully understood. The endogenous opioid system modulates many neurochemical changes in these regions during the transition to motherhood and initiation of maternal care. Therefore, exogenous prenatal opioid exposure (POE) can disrupt the MBN. This study uses a translational rodent model to examine the effects of gestational exposure to BUP as compared to morphine (MS) from preconception through the postpartum period and evaluates the comparative effects of discontinuing MS or BUP in late gestation (GD19) versus continuation through postpartum day 2 (PD2). Dams exposed to continuous BUP (BC) and discontinued BUP (BD) were found to have less proficient nest building and more instances of compromised maternal behavior than those exposed to continuous MS (MC), discontinued MS (MD), or vehicle (VEH) treated dams. Discontinuation of BUP in late gestation was related to greater maternal impairment while discontinuation of MS had a rescue effect on maternal behavior. BUP-exposed dams had greater impairment in adaptive maternal behaviors (nursing, licking, grooming, etc.), and fewer monoamine levels in MBN regions, which could help explain maladaptive maternal behaviors. We also report that BUP was associated with reduced gestational weight, decreased placentophagia, increased pup mortality, and compromised pup retrieval whereas MS was related to reduced postpartum weight, nest disruption in the presence of pups, increased self grooming, and increased hunting (in preconception). This research highlights the need to raise awareness of the impact of gestational opioid use on mothers, their care behavior, and their subsequent mother-infant bonds
“Don’t Dream It, Be It”: \u3cem\u3eThe Rocky Horror Picture Show’s\u3c/em\u3e Impact on Queer Communities in the 1970s
Get PDFThis essay examines the cultural conditions surrounding The Rocky Horror Picture Show to examine its ties to the LGBTQ+ community by tracing the post-war growth of queer communities in cities like New York and San Francisco to the boiling-point of the Stonewall Riot. The film’s queer themes, aesthetic motifs, and LGBTQ+ representation are detailed to understand what made it a hit amongst working-class queer audiences of the 1970s and 1980s. This paper explores how the film spawned phenomena such as shadowcasting and continues to create space for working-class queer sexual liberation and individuality decades after its release
