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Cerebral Waste Clearance: Measurements and Applications
No full textCerebral Waste clearance (CWC) is an essential process for brain homeostasis, which is required for the healthy functioning of all cerebrovascular and parenchymal brain cells. This dissertation features our current understanding of CWC, both within and external to the brain parenchyma. We describe the role of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and its exit routes in mediating CWC. Recent discoveries of the glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatic vessels (mLVs), and their relevance to CWC and various neurological conditions are highlighted. Controversies related to CWC research and potential future directions are presented. This dissertation is divided into seven chapters that discuss investigations that used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and confocal microscopy imaging to evaluate the recently identified CWC routes, namely the glymphatic system and the mLVs. The dissertation begins with an introduction (Chapter- 1). It proceeds with background (Chapter- 2) based on two published peer-reviewed ‘review’ articles, and three research projects based on one submitted, one published ‘original research’ articles (Chapters- 3, 4) and one project with negative results (Chapter- 5). Among the three projects described in this dissertation, the first project (Chapter- 3) aimed to investigate the controversy of glymphatic convective bulk flow in the interstitial spaces and explore the association of perivascular macrophages (PVMs) in assisting the glymphatic system for CWC. Our findings solidify the glymphatic system hypothesis and indicate the interaction of PVMs with the glymphatic CSF influx along the arteries and glymphatic CSF efflux along the veins. The second project (Chapter- 4) aimed to examine the changes in the glymphatic system in rats with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and our results identify reduced glymphatic influx and clearance due to GBM. The third project (Chapter- 5) aimed to assess the mLVs as a potential efflux pathway of the glymphatic system under healthy and diabetic mellitus (DM) conditions. Our results suggest that mLVs are not the major efflux pathway of the glymphatic system, which is a negative result. The dissertation then discusses a translational issue for clinical MRI evaluation of the glymphatic system (Chapter- 6) based on a submitted ‘review’ article and concludes with a summary and future directions (Chapter- 7)
Alienation in College Students and Their Reasons for Travel
No full textPeople travel all over the world for a variety of reasons. During a student’s college experience, is a time for exploration and understanding one's identity and to a lesser extent discovering their historical roots amongst other college students. Some of these experiences allow students to study abroad, participate in class trips, and visit new destinations. However, limited research prevents the idea behind the reasons behind why college students yearn to travel to new destinations and if it plays a key role in solving identity issues. To fill this gap, this research will go into depth about the importance of identity among college students and why traveling to new destinations may pose a reason for clarity in understanding who they are. Cultural identity research amongst college students that live in America or students who have had family come to America overseas is an issue that is worth taking a look into in terms of young students and their ability to understand their cultural identity. This research will add to the questioning of identity in young adults and how it affects identity crisis in terms of travel. The benefits of this research may answer some of the questions that come with cultural identity issues among college students and how travel may come as a beneficial aspect in this department
Hemophilia Treatment Accessibility: An Analysis of Unexplored Barriers
No full textIn the research conducted, the accessibility of treatment for the bleeding disorder hemophilia is explored. While current care for people with this genetic anomaly is available, there are additional concerns and variables surrounding the medical advancement and treatment which should be considered not only by health professionals, but also in the medical laboratory setting. This thesis asks what the problems and hindrances with the generalized path of care prescribed are, and with the knowledge acquired, it pursues to recognize the under-discussed barriers to hemophilia and how to better advance the future care of hemophilia patients by creating a basis of discussion to these barriers for future and current healthcare professionals’ use. With this uncovered information, it is expected that the understanding of the potential hardships with hemophilia care is furthered, and while the analysis strives to ultimately benefit people with this disorder, it also seeks to encourage healthcare professionals to gain an improved understanding that the knowledge of diversely accessible treatment options is essential in the workplace
Information Privacy in the World of Social Media
No full textThis paper will explore the process in which information is collected, processed, and disseminated by social media platforms. The main concern is how this information can become more secure and private for the user experience. Secondary research will be conducted to assess these concerns brought up by social media users and analyze privacy policies that user agree to when creating an account with a social media platform. Secondary research will be provided by peer-reviewed scholarly articles from the Oakland University library database. This knowledge will help users better understand how their information’s integrity is being violated by these companies. The impact of this research will help reduce information privacy scandals and provide a better safeguard for user information, not only in the area of social media, but in other areas of the internet as well. The benefits of this will include enhanced individual understanding, increased privacy, and improved decision making. These benefits will affect every individual who utilizes these social media sites and potentially even affect those in other areas of the internet
