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Protecting Childhood: Examining European Policies on the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children
Get PDFChildren account for more than one-fourth of all people in forced commercial sexual exploitation and for one-third of all discovered trafficked individuals, rising to fifty percent in low-income countries. Moreover, child sex trafficking has only increased over the years, with many European countries predominantly recognized as destination and transit countries for commercial sexual exploitation. This paper examines and evaluates the current methods of reducing and preventing sex trafficking and the commercial sexual exploitation of children in Europe. Next, it holistically analyzes and reviews the issue globally, determining each strategy’s overall efficacy, practicality, and potential downsides. These strategies call for greater international cooperation, mobilization of resources, and strengthening and implementing effective laws and policies. As a result, the following recommendations are made: integrating children’s voices in policy-making, creating a multi-stakeholder response, and focusing on demand reduction for child sexual abuse material.https://digitalcommons.salve.edu/glo100/1003/thumbnail.jp
Ernest Hemingway: The Sustainable Effect of Creative Writing as a Therapeutic Technology Infused by Cubism
No full textThis dissertation will examine whether creative writing served as a therapeutic device for Ernest Hemingway. A succession of four issues will be analyzed: Hemingway’s suffering and depression, creative writing as a technology, the integration of Cubism in his stories, and his contribution to American literature. The confluence of these factors will provide a unique perspective.For its methodology, this dissertation will compare a traumatic experience in Hemingway’s life to the content of his short stories and novels, and analysis of Hemingway’s first depressive episode and its imprint on his stories will depict the human condition. Hemingway’s sensitive description of human emotion and events responds to the fundamental issue of what it means to be human in an age of advanced technology. It is now evident that Hemingway suffered from bipolar disorder, also identified as manic depression, and this dissertation will provide an overview of bipolar disorder including its genetic component. Opinions of experts will confirm Hemingway’s manic depression, and justify the value of writing as one method of treatment for depression.In conclusion, the expected findings and scholarly contribution of this dissertation will enhance the understanding of Hemingway’s works. For many years, readers have appreciated his stories without realizing his need to write in addition to his extraordinary talent. Hemingway transmitted his emotional pain to the characters in his stories and therefore, this dissertation will provide a new perspective of Hemingway’s works by emphasizing the importance of creative writing in its role as a therapeutic technology
The Evolving Relationship between Malaysia and the People’s Republic of China
No full textThis dissertation is a qualitative study of the developing relationship between Malaysia and the People’s Republic of China. The primary timeframe of this research occurs between 2008 and 2020. During this time, Malaysia and China established closer relationships – both from an economic and security perspective. Nevertheless, Malaysia adheres to a “hedging” behavior, as it demonstrates neutrality and diplomatic behavior with respect to China.The study was conducted based upon broad research of the available, published digital literature. Both current academic and available regional news sources were examined. In addition, numerous Malaysian and Chinese academic sources were interviewed for their expertise and knowledge. These conversations served to validate the written source research.During the primary timeframe of the study, Malaysia demonstrated hedging behavior towards China. As detailed in the first Case Study, China established a physical presence in Kuantan, Malaysia – both at the Kuantan Port and the Malaysia China Kuantan Industrial Park. In the second Case study, the East Coast Rail Link showed that China could provide the financing and technological expertise to provide the needed economic connectivity between the East and West Coasts of Peninsular Malaysia. In the third Case Study, the corruption of PM Najib was revealed, and the accompanied Chinese domestic influence upon Malaysia disclosed.The impact of this research is to highlight China’s influence upon Malaysian domestic politics, as well as, China’s significant investments in Malaysia’s economic future. Malaysia hedges in order to promote non-alignment with respect to the great powers present in the SE Asia region. Malaysia does not seek any military confrontation with China. Rather, it wants to secure the financial benefits which China offers
Military Effectiveness, Moral Injury, and the Just War Tradition in Western History
No full textA nation’s military effectiveness is a key factor in that nation’s decision to start and fight a war. Because Western liberal democracies normally attempt to make war in accordance with the Just War Tradition, the relationship between military effectiveness and that tradition would be of great interest to political and military leaders. Yet, to date, no one has conducted research to explore this relationship.This study uses qualitative and quantitative research methods to explore this relationship. Specifically, military morale and moral injury are considered to be factors in determining military effectiveness. Practice of jus ad bellum (“the right to war”) and jus in bello (“the law in waging war”) is considered a component of military morale while moral injury (experienced by a combatant who perpetrates or observes acts contrary to his own morality) is considered inversely proportional to morale. It is postulated that practice of jus ad bellum and jus in bello enhances morale and, therefore, military effectiveness. Moral injury, however, always diminishes morale and, therefore, military effectiveness. Military effectiveness, therefore, is proportional to the degree to which a warring nation practices the laws of war and inversely proportional to the degree to which its combatants suffer moral injury.This hypothesis is tested in four post-Second World War counterinsurgency campaigns conducted by Western liberal democracies: (1) the British effort to suppress the Mau Mau insurgency in colonial Kenya, (2) the French effort to suppress the native Algerian insurgency to gain independence, (3) the United States counterinsurgency effort in Iraq following the fall of Sadaam Hussein’s Sunni Islamic regime, and (4) the United States effort to defeat Al ‘Qaeda and remove the Islamic fundamentalist regime of the Taliban from power in Afghanistan. Qualitative analysis is used to evaluate the impact of application of the Just War Tradition and moral injury on the military effectiveness of the Western counterinsurgencies. Quantitative methods are employed to model the impact of application of the Just War Tradition and moral injury on the military effectiveness of the United States counterinsurgency in Iraq. Conclusions are derived from the tested hypotheses and suggestions for further research are indicated
The U.S. Special Operations Command’s Hyper-Enabled Team: Daedalus and Icarus Redux?
No full textThis research explores implications of the interest by the U.S. Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) to create what they refer to as “Hyper-Enabled Teams.” This concept involves providing even more capability and support to the highly trained personnel tasked to perform the most challenging and dangerous missions for the nation. In addition to advanced weaponry and other tools, this concept is envisioned to include biologically and directly enhancing these personnel to provide them with superhuman capabilities. Such abilities might be compared to what Daedalus provided his son Icarus; the ability to fly. Many advancements are already technically possible, while others are expected to come to fruition in the near future. Although the U.S. military is not obligated to limit itself to a “fair fight” (it will always seek to maximize its chances of success within moral limits), enhancements made directly to the human person bring ethical and moral concerns to the fore that previous technological advancements in weapons, aircraft, and communications have not. The accelerating pace of technological advancements make bioethical decisions regarding the alteration (e.g. augmentation, enhancement) of natural human capacities very challenging. This dissertation considers some of the potential moral and ethical issues likely to be faced by U.S. decision makers as rapidly advancing technology becomes incorporated into the humans comprising special operations teams, expected by many to come at a pace that challenges thorough consideration of long-term ethical implications. This research considers four leading theories of ethics, concluding that Aristotelian virtue ethics is the most promising to guide our thinking and to head off the hubris shown in the Greek fable about Icarus
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More than Magic, Radiation-Induced Oral Mucositis Prevention
No full textHead and neck patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy are at a high risk of developing severe oral mucositis, a condition characterized by pharyngeal edema, ulceration, and pain. Oral mucositis can lead to complications such as dysphagia, dehydration, malnutrition, infections, and death. This may often lead to hospitalization and a pause in treatment, which in turn results in a poorer prognosis, increased costs, and a reduced quality of life. The More than Magic study evaluated whether the addition of dexamethasone and nystatin to Benadryl, 2% Viscous Lidocaine, and Maalox (BLM) Magic Mouthwash prevented the development of severe radiation-induced oral mucositis more effectively than BLM Magic Mouthwash alone. The retrospective study consisted of a convenience sample of males and non-pregnant females over the age of 18, with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group scores ranging from 0 to 3, who had completed conformal head and neck radiotherapy between March 2019 and March 2023 at a Southeast United States cancer center. The reviewed charts of participants were divided into the following two groups: 64 in the BLM Magic Mouthwash group and 31 using the BLM Magic Mouthwash with the dexamethasone and nystatin group. Univariate analysis revealed no significant difference in mucositis occurrence (p ≈ 1) or severe mucositis occurrence between the two groups (p = 0.9112). Logistic regression revealed that influences such as gender, initial functional scores, the tumor\u27s viral origin, dental status before treatment, and increased oropharyngeal radiation doses were more impactful on mucositis onset (p = 0.00004). Additionally, the analysis highlighted a notably reduced incidence of thrush with the use of Magic Mouthwash with dexamethasone and nystatin (p = 0.0915)
More than Magic, Radiation-Induced Oral Mucositis Prevention
No full textHead and neck patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy are at a high risk of developing severe oral mucositis, a condition characterized by pharyngeal edema, ulceration, and pain. Oral mucositis can lead to complications such as dysphagia, dehydration, malnutrition, infections, and death. This may often lead to hospitalization and a pause in treatment, which in turn results in a poorer prognosis, increased costs, and a reduced quality of life. The More than Magic study evaluated whether the addition of dexamethasone and nystatin to Benadryl, 2% Viscous Lidocaine, and Maalox (BLM) Magic Mouthwash prevented the development of severe radiation-induced oral mucositis more effectively than BLM Magic Mouthwash alone. The retrospective study consisted of a convenience sample of males and non-pregnant females over the age of 18, with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group scores ranging from 0 to 3, who had completed conformal head and neck radiotherapy between March 2019 and March 2023 at a Southeast United States cancer center. The reviewed charts of participants were divided into the following two groups: 64 in the BLM Magic Mouthwash group and 31 using the BLM Magic Mouthwash with the dexamethasone and nystatin group. Univariate analysis revealed no significant difference in mucositis occurrence (p ≈ 1) or severe mucositis occurrence between the two groups (p = 0.9112). Logistic regression revealed that influences such as gender, initial functional scores, the tumor\u27s viral origin, dental status before treatment, and increased oropharyngeal radiation doses were more impactful on mucositis onset (p = 0.00004). Additionally, the analysis highlighted a notably reduced incidence of thrush with the use of Magic Mouthwash with dexamethasone and nystatin (p = 0.0915)
Military Uses of Dutch Island From 1860 to 1900
Get PDFThe research presented in this report focuses on the military purposes of Dutch Island from 1860-1900. Located in the West Passage of Narragansett Bay, Dutch Island was in a position to protect the bay and Newport Harbor from enemy attack. The first fortification on Dutch Island was called Camp Bailey which stationed the 14th Rhode Island Heavy Artillery during the Civil War in 1863. After the Civil War, fortifications continued to be built at a slow pace until the 1880s, when the Endicott Board of Fortifications and the need to update coastal defenses to modern standards led to the implementation of several gun batteries and mine casemates on the island. Dutch Island became Fort Greble in 1898 and stationed Battery A of the US Artillery. Military uses and construction continued until World War I. Using information from archived newspaper articles, census records, and past research, this report details what life was like on Dutch Island during these periods of military use. Further research for the uses of Dutch Island before and after the time period of 1860-1900 is necessary for a comprehensive understanding of its history