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The Russo-Ukrainian Pre-War Crisis: A Comparative Test of Rational Choice, Expected Utility, Poliheuristic, and Prospect Theories to Explain the War\u27s Outbreak
No full textGiven the tremendous suffering created by the Russo-Ukrainian war and its profound international security implications, policymakers and international relations scholars must fully grasp why the three-month pre-war crisis erupted and ultimately ended in conflict instead of de-escalation. Accordingly, this mixed approach study seeks to identify the most likely crisis-related decision-making strategies adopted by President Biden, Zelensky, and Putin. The dissertation tests rational choice, expected utility, poliheuristic, and prospect theory frameworks against the critical decisions made by the three presidents. The dissertation’s findings indicate that a Prospect Theory-based framework provides the most accurate predictions of the four models tested to explain five critical decisions made immediately before and during the crisis. The Prospect Theory model consistently preferred the non-conciliatory alternatives available to each President, thus steering the crisis into war, which all actors would have preferred to avoid. Further, and to an unexpected degree, the study’s incidental finding highlights the salience of politics in decision-making, concluding that a simple lexicographic decision rule grounded in political interests accurately predicts and explains each leader\u27s choices more reliably and parsimoniously than the four tested frameworks and just as elegantly. This decision strategy, conceptualized as the political-lexicographic model (PLM), is offered as an alternative framework that most aptly explains and predicts the three Presidents\u27 crisis decision-making strategies. Additionally, the dissertation’s comparative approach, which evaluates multiple political leaders involved in the crisis and tests competing decision theories through qualitative and quantitative lenses, demonstrates the value of incorporating several theoretical models and overweighting the political dimension when explaining or attempting to forecast a crisis outcome. The conceptual framework offered in this study is practical, intuitive, and easily adaptable by policymakers, analysts, and scholars. The conclusions and recommendations in this dissertation will ideally contribute to more accurate and reliable predictions and accounts of foreign policy decisions, especially those that involve the potential for inter-state conflict
Eects of State of Charge on the Physical Characteristics of V(IV)/V(V) Electrolytes and Membrane for the All Vanadium Flow Battery
Get PDFThe VO2+/VO2+ redox couple commonly employed on the positive terminal of the all-vanadium redox flow battery was investigated at various states of charge (SOC) and H2SO4 supporting electrolyte concentrations. Electron paramagnetic resonance was used to investigate the VO2+ concentration and translational and rotational diffusion coefficient (DT, DR) in both bulk solution and Nafion membranes. Values of DT and DR were relatively unaffected by SOC and on the order of 10−10 m2s−1. Cyclic voltammetry measurements revealed that no significant changes to the redox mechanism were observed as the state of charge increased; however, the mechanism does appear to be affected by H2SO4 concentration. Electron transfer rate (k0) increased by an order of magnitude (10−6 ms−1 to 10−8 ms−1) for each H2SO4 concentrations investigated (1, 3 and 5 M). Analysis of cyclic voltammetry switching currents suggests that the technique might be suitable for fast determination of state of charge if the system is well calibrated. Membrane uptake and permeability measurements show that vanadium absorption and crossover is more dependent on both acid and vanadium concentration than state of charge. Vanadium diffusion in the membrane is about an order of magnitude slower (~10−11 m2s−1) than in solution (~10−10 m2s−1)
Salve Regina\u27s President-elect Voices Opinions on Present & Future
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Recollections of Molly Annus ‘24
No full textCurrent student at Salve Regina shares information about what it was like to be a freshman during the COVID-19 pandemic, her social work classes, studying abroad in London, being out and about in Newport, and what Mercy means to her
From Hide to Handbag: A Holistic Review of the Leather Industry and Its Environmental Impact
Get PDFLeather is a universally versatile material used in various products in the global market. Today, leather, specifically from the commercial cow, is still desired by manufacturers for its durability, accessibility, and quality. However, there are adverse environmental and ethical consequences of leather products using chrome tanning, in particular, that consumers do not recognize. This paper analyzes, evaluates, and contextualizes the current methods of leather production and the environmental issues associated with the trade. Furthermore, it discusses some sustainable efforts made regarding material choice and alternative production methods. With a holistic review of leather production and its implications, this paper examines the EU Strategy for Sustainable Circular Economy and Textiles, Chain of Custody - Transparency in Leather Manufacturing Pilot Program, and the Sustainable Development Goals in the Leather Industry EU. These policies aim to foster a more environmentally aware and sustainable leather trade. This paper will determine their effectiveness, feasibility, and potential drawbacks, then recommend reform options reflecting the current policies.https://digitalcommons.salve.edu/glo100/1002/thumbnail.jp
China’s Foreign Policy in Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and the Islamic Republic of Iran: Exploring China’s Renewed Diplomacy in the Region
No full textThis dissertation explains how the PRC achieved its foreign policy objectives in the UAE but failed to achieve the same in the KSA. The decades following WWII were one where the PRC went through inner turmoil and also supported communist movements around the world. In the 1980s, it began to court Western countries to develop an industrial base and improve the lives of its citizens. Following China\u27s accession to the World Trade Organization in 2001, the CCP sought to grow its economy and ensure its continued rule. In 2004, China\u27s political leaders devoted significant resources to promoting cultural diplomacy with Persian Gulf countries, primarily through cultural diplomacy.After 2010, Sino-Emerati bilateral trade began to increase significantly and, as of 2020, is just slightly below that of Sino-Saudi trade. In 2016, the PRC published its Chinese Arab Policy Paper, outlining its goals in the Middle East. Due to unique circumstances (according to the World Bank, it is ranked among the top countries for ease of doing business) in the UAE, China’s quest to grow its trade has transformed significantly in the Emirates, and 6,000 Chinese companies operate in the UAE as of 2020, while only 132 were present in 2012. One reason is that Emirati leaders created laws in the early 2000s that were inclusive and protective of foreign investors (and they severely punish hate crime and discrimination), leading most Muslim countries in the Middle East. Furthermore, the UAE created the Dubai Financial Market in 2000 and numerous trade-free zones to encourage foreign investment. China’s success in the UAE is instructive and might signal challenges for American influence as the PRC refines trade agreements and promotes the Belt and Road Initiative
Recollections of Heather Baker \u2793
No full textInterview with Heather Baker, Salve Regina University Class of 1993. Heather discusses her struggles to continue at Salve and the support she received from Sister Lucille McKillop and Financial Aid Director Mrs. Flanagan, finally graduating with honors. She also shares her experiences in the Salve Regina Theater Department under the leadership of Professors Bernard Masterson and Patricia Hawkridge, taking a religious studies class with Sister Prudence Croke, and her experiences working in downtown Newport, and how she started an Alcoholics Anonymous meeting on campus in Gerety Hall
When Scrolling Turns into Shopping: How Influencers Advertise to Consumers on TikTok
Get PDFEvery marketer wants to reach a larger audience and TikTok has become one of the most popular places for advertisers to sell products. Past research shows that social media can be an effective form of advertising because of influencers who seem more genuine in their reviews. My research expands on this to further develop how TikTok specifically helps these influencers reach their target audience and persuade their purchasing decisions to increase sales. Through careful analysis it was revealed that quick links and short-form advertising are allowing the app to experience a high volume of consumer sales. Understanding TikTok’s success can lead to better informed consumers and more successful forms of advertising for marketers
Exposing ENDO: Labor Abuse and Exploitation on Contractual Workers in the Philippines
Get PDFArticle 281 states that workers must be put on a probationary period for 6 months of employment before receiving benefits. ENDO-contracting is the situation where corporations hire workers on 5 to 6-month contracts to avoid paying their workers benefits. This research will be conducted using qualitative data from past research publications, court cases, and interviewing anti-ENDO advocates. The historical summary will explain the origins of this law and how it has progressed into common labor practice. ENDO- contracting disproportionately affects the low-wage workforce and deprives them of regular employee benefits. The lack of these benefits has created poor working conditions and low standards of living for contractual employees. This paper aims to educate readers on labor disparities in the Philippines and offer prospective solutions for policymakers and corporations