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Silverstein, Helen Lyn
No full textHelen Lyn Silverstein was born in 1944 and grew up in the Melrose area. Her family was not observant growing up but she remembers certain dietary rules her family followed that were kosher-style. Her family was not close-knit and as a result, she knew very little about her extend family. Her mother and aunt would speak Yiddish together when they didn’t want Silverstein to know what they were saying. As a result, Silverstein knows certain words and phrases in Yiddish but cannot speak or understand it fluently.
Silverstein went to PS 35 for elementary school, Jordan L. Mott, Junior High School (MS 22), and Hunter High School. She does not remember being involved in many extracurricular activities, however, she did play the piano, create art, and loved listening to classical music. Lyn remembers the different expectations that women had that their male classmates did not, especially as they got older.
Silverstein recalls loving walking around Manhattan and exploring the different museums and stores. Eventually she moved to Massachussets, however, she would return to the Bronx to visit her mother. When she would return to the Bronx she remembers how quickly it started to change from what she remembered as a child. Overall, she remembers her childhood being very idyllic and carefree.
Key Words: Melrose, Street games, PS 35, Jordan L. Mott Junior High School (MS 22), Hunter High School, Yiddish, Music, Shopping, Yankees, Cross Bronx Expressway, Vietnam Wa
Klein, Hilde
No full textHilde Klein, born 1945, lived on Monroe Avenue, near Claremont Park, before it became part of the Cross Bronx Expressway and her family would move to Mount Eden Avenue. Klein remembers playing games in the street, roller skating and picnicking in the park. In addition to being an avid reader, she was a singer throughout school and in the synagogue choir and was recruited to be a part of the Ed Sullivan Show, but her parents said no.
Her family kept kosher, and on weekends would go to a dairy restaurant or delicatessen. Klein describes many experiences spent with her parents, grandparents, sisters, or friends from the building or neighborhood. They spent Passover at her grandparents’ apartment with a sunken living room. She attributes the closeness of her family and the importance of parents being around in their children’s lives as something important, providing a sense of stability.
Klein attended Wade Junior High School, Taft High School, and Hunter College Uptown. She loved show music. She was a shy, good student. During the summers, she remembers going up to the Catskills with her family. Klein moved to Virginia Beach with her first husband and, after they divorced, returned to the Bronx, first to Co-op City where her sister was living, then to the Pelham Parkway area, before remarrying and moving upstate with her children. Her memories of the Bronx are very fond, of the Good Humor ice cream truck, friends, family, and shared values.
Keywords: Monroe Avenue, Mount Eden, Cross Bronx Expressway, Claremont Park, Israel, singing, Wade Junior High School, Taft High School, Hunter College, food, Great Depression, family, the Catskills, educatio
Audrey Donely
No full textIn this interview, Audrey Donely discusses growing up in Mount Vernon and Harlem, vacations with family to the Poconos, her marriage, children, her recently passed husband and her relationship with her sister (Eleanor Jones, also interviewed in this collection). Donely currently lives in the Bronx with Jones, and the sisters frequent SAGE often for community and social life.In this interview
Leadership in High-Needs School Contexts: Assessing Principals’ Problem-Solving, Resilience, and Hope
No full textThe demands placed on principals have increased exponentially in the aftermath of the global COVID-19 pandemic, especially for principals who lead high needs schools. Given that principals are the primary problem solvers, it is critical to better understand their preferred decision-making styles. Decision-making is influenced by perceptions of resilience and hope; this can increase leadership capacity, wellness, and school effectiveness. This quantitative survey research study examined the three dimensions of VIEW: An Assessment of Problem-solving Style (Orientation to Change, Manner of Processing, Ways of Deciding). It compares these dimensions to perceptions of resilience, using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and hope, using the Adult Hope Scale. Participants were principals leading high needs, high poverty schools in the Hudson Valley Region of New York State. Principals had very clear problem-solving preferences: 1) Orientation to Change, Developer (62.5%); Manner of Processing, External Processing (75.0%); and Ways of Deciding, Task-based (75.0%). Principals reported strong resilience 92.9% high or intermediate) and high levels of hope (92.8% high or moderate). Only the dimension of Orientation to Change had a statistically significant correlation with resilience (x2 = 8.71[1], p \u3c .003); all other dimensions were not significantly correlated to resilience or hope. This may be attributable to the small sample size and the possibility of Type 2 errors
The Value of Zoos and Aquariums; A Perspective Via The Bronx Zoo and New York Aquarium
No full textZoos and aquariums have always been a controversial topic. The image of animals behind bars is synonymous with zoos and aquariums from all over the world and that\u27s all most people see. Zoos and Aquariums go much deeper than that negative perception and the notion that we are “locking away” animals solely for our selfish entertainment clouds zoos and aquariums higher purposes. Chapter 1 focuses on the histories of zoological parks, it brings to light some of the environmental problems zoos and aquariums are striving to fix while revealing to us why zoos possess such stereotypes. Chapter 2 dives into an issue that gives modern zoos much backlash, even though amazing work like conservation and education are the higher purposes that justify their existence. The common issue brought up is animal ethics, whereas zoos and aquariums are focused on providing animals with the best animal welfare they can give. Chapter 3 focuses on the issue of conservation biology and how zoos remedy that problem. While of course using the Bronx Zoo and New York Aquarium as key examples of this. Chapter 4 talks about environmental education while again using the Bronx Zoo and New York Aquarium as references. Chapter 5 gives us some ways zoos and aquariums can help change their negative perception as to highlight their higher purpose of conservation and education. This will be done through bettering current initiatives performed by zoos as their is still much that can be improved upon. The chapter will also see the proposal of creating and improving current animal welfare laws, these proposals will be modeled by the standards mandated by AZA
Macroproblems Require Microsolutions: The Case for Microgrids in the U.S. Energy Infrastructure
No full textThis paper explores the shortcomings of the modern United States Power Grid in the face of climate change and worsening climate conditions, and seeks to explore how alternative styles of power grids could be viable replacements for current designs. The power grid is one of the most fundamental aspects of modern life, without it there would be no reliable energy supply to power devices and machinery. Oftentimes when energy generation is discussed in the United States, it only focuses on the source of generation for the energy, not the transmission of the energy. The lack of complete discussion around this topic means that some of the roots of the problem are left unresolved when discussing how to properly tackle climate change. Chapter one discusses the shortcomings of the United States power grid, along with some quantitative data and IPCC climate recommendations and guidelines to meet regarding climate change. Chapter two is largely focused on the development of the United States power grid from a series of smaller microgrids, to the now massive and interconnected connected power grid. Chapter three focuses on the economics of the current power grid, and how a wide implementation of microgrids in array with renewable energy could be economically beneficial. Chapter four focuses on the activity surrounding microgrids, whether it is bill, law, or some other form of funding for microgrid developments, or if it is a new microgrid project that is either completed or in development. Chapter five focuses on policy recommendations to meet IPCC guidelines and to begin the process of implementing microgrids nationwide
The COVID-19 Pandemic as Trauma on Secondary Educators and Their Students: A Phenomenological Study
No full textThe SARS CoV-2 (“COVID-19”) pandemic accomplished something that few events in the world have done previously: it traumatized an entire planet. Whether directly affected by the disease, or by extension affected by the closing of businesses, lockdowns or stay-at-home orders, every population was negatively impacted by the virus. Students were especially impacted which led to stunted social-emotional growth, academic loss, and in some cases, death. Teachers were expected to pivot overnight to totally transform their methods of teaching and interacting with students yet were given next to no assistance or tools with which to do so. This study explored the phenomenon of traumatized high school teachers instructing traumatized high school students during and after the initiating trauma. Seven themes arose from the interviews conducted with teachers from across the country: (1) difficulty of administrators in supporting teachers and students, (2) technological inequity during times of crisis, (3) inadequate understanding of trauma-informed teaching, (4) student challenges (social-emotional and academic), (5) student successes, (6) teacher behaviors, and (7) recommendations and best practices. trauma-informed teaching, a practice which takes into consideration mitigating factors in terms of student behaviors, would have benefitted many teachers and students, but was left out of the toolbox. It is recommended that in future professional development opportunities, teachers are given in-depth training on trauma-informed teaching and best practices including prioritizing personal wellbeing
Increasing Student Engagement Through Student-Teacher Relationships, Autonomy, and Student-Centered Pedagogy
No full textIt is acknowledged that student engagement is an essential component of academic achievement and leads to positive student outcomes. However, the approaches taken to foster student engagement vary widely. To maximize student engagement, educators need to purposefully focus on fostering positive relationships, developing relevant lessons, and creating a sense of autonomy within their classroom through student-centered pedagogical practices to promote students’ affective, behavioral, and cognitive engagement. This mixed-methods case study leverages two key strategies to develop the areas mentioned above, including using social emotional learning competencies to foster student-teacher relationships and utilizing student centered approaches to teaching and learning to create content relevance and develop a sense of autonomy within the participating students. The theory of action in this study proposes that if students have strong relationships with their teachers, a sense of autonomy and control in the classroom, and participate in collaborative work, then student engagement will increase
Critical and Culturally Sustaining School Practices for Engaging Diverse Families
No full textIn this qualitative study, the author used case study research methods to explore school practices for engaging racially, ethnically, linguistically, socioeconomically, and structurally diverse families in their children’s education. In addition, this study explored how families perceive their roles in their children’s education and provided space in scholarly discourse for them—as well as the school leaders, teachers, and staff who support them—to shed light on the factors that underlie their experiences in family engagement. The author developed a conceptual framework that builds upon Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler’s (1997) model of the parental involvement process by examining it through the lenses of critical race theory, culturally responsive and sustaining practices, the familial capital concept of funds of knowledge, and bridging cultures framework. The author found successfully engaging families from diverse cultural backgrounds begins by adopting a culturally responsive and strength-based mindset and requires facilitating involvement opportunities that not only are meaningful and relevant to families’ lives and perceived needs but also draw from and sustain their cultural knowledge, skills, practices, and experiences. In addition, for the families in this study, family engagement helps them serve as role models for positive behavior and build a community within their children’s school
Overreaction at the Time of Regulatory Policy Adjustment: Evidence From the A-Share Market in China
No full textThe stock market is a significant place for capital allocation where paternalistic securities regulation is a necessary choice to hedge against risks in a growth-oriented capital market and enhance efficiency of capital market. However, paternalistic regulation can also lead to behavioral failure and amplify market failure, thus resulting in a decline in market efficiency. This dissertation attempts to empirically reveal that it is one of the objectives of securities regulation to increase the stock direct financing ratio (DFR), but policy adjustments can cause increased market volatility, and a stock market with increased volatility may exhibit overreactions, a phenomenon that is weaker than weak-form efficiency. This study aims to provide valuable help for securities regulation to minimize significant stock market volatility, improve investor rationality, and enhance capital allocation efficiency.
The analysis herein identifies two abnormal performances in the Chinese stock market: the discrepancy between returns and economic background and the failure of synchronous increase of DFR with the enlarged market size. Based on these observations, this dissertation discovers that securities regulation has been establishing a multi-tiered capital market, cultivating qualified investors (including foreign investors) to enter the market, and responding to market booms and busts with various policies for the main purposes of enhancing the allocation effectiveness and efficiency of the stock market in both the capital market and the economic society, as well as addressing the aforementioned shortcomings. The value of stock market has grown at a compound growth rate of 1.84 times the GDP, reaching approximately 70% of the GDP recently. However, the DFR has remained below 5% in the long term, indicating that the stock market has grown rapidly, but the allocation efficiency of direct financing has not been effectively improved. Therefore, this dissertation provides a comprehensive review and empirical analysis from three perspectives: the objectives of regulation; regulatory objectives and regulatory policy adjustments; regulatory policy adjustments and market reactions.
This study finds that it is one of the long-term objectives of Chinese securities regulation to increase the DFR, and the method to achieve such objective is by generating wealth effects in the stock market (Hypothesis 1). Through yearly (for the period from 2002 to 2021) and monthly (for the period from January 2012 to December 2021) correlation analysis and robustness test on the index and financing scale DFR and stock returns, and as result of fact review, this dissertation provides evidence for H1. The national planning shows that securities regulation is responsible for increasing the DFR, and regulators also believe that this is beneficial for economic development and financial risk prevention. The correlation analysis results exhibit that both the monthly and annual stock financing increments are significantly and positively correlated with the stock index. In terms of sensitivity, the recent wealth effects have a more significant influence on investors. However, considering the implementation cycle of the issuance market, the significant correlation of the DFR with the stock market returns in the previous year is much greater than with that in the current year. This finding provides insights into the drivers of frequent policy adjustments in Chinese securities regulation.
The empirical results of this study indicate that measures to regulate the wealth effects in the stock market, represented by adjustment of liquidity regulation policy, will increase market volatility (Hypothesis 2). In excessive market volatility, there is a phenomenon of overreaction that is weaker than weak-form efficiency (Hypothesis 3). In the empirical analysis of the hypothesis market volatility increases during the period of adjustments of liquidity regulation policy, this study uses two events as background: the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect and adjustments of liquidity regulation policy in the A-share market from 2014 to 2016, targeting the return rate of AH twin portfolio, assuming that the twin shares are subject to the Law of One Price. It uses the variance of return rate to represent volatility. Through comparative analysis of variance of return rate, two situations are observed during the period when policy for A-share exerts influences: first, the volatility of A-share index, twin A-share portfolio, and twin A-share sub-portfolio is higher during the period when the policy functions than that during the period when the policy is formed; second, the volatility of A-share index, twin A-share portfolio and twin A-share sub-portfolio is higher than the corresponding H-share index, twin H-share portfolio, and twin H-share sub-portfolio during the same period. In the empirical analysis of the hypothesis that during the period when A-share liquidity regulation policies are adjusted, the policy adjustments can cause changes in market valuation logic and liquidity, which will trigger overreaction or momentum effects in A share market, this dissertation uses the aforementioned two events as the background, targets the weighted average cumulative abnormal return (WACAR) of winner-loser portfolios of twin AH stocks, measures and cross-validates them with single-factor and three-factor models. Under the classic judgment mode of overreaction, the study reveals the presence of overreaction effect in the A-share market during the period of liquidity policy adjustment through data analysis, data testing, and graphical representation. The two findings provide insights into the issues to be considered in regulatory policy adjustment.
The contributions of this study can be summarized as follows: it represents a new attempt in policy research by revealing the motives of securities regulation and the specific outcomes of the regulatory practices through the overreaction in market; it enriches the perspectives of empirical study on Chinese securities regulation by confirming its objective of increasing the DFR with review and empirical approach; it remedies the defects of previous related studies by dividing window periods based on event backgrounds, thus avoiding paradoxical results caused by selection of different window periods and comparisons between different types of markets; it improves the quality of data cleaning and the reliability of conclusions with verification of ex-right factors, unifying trading days across different markets, and assigning values, thereby providing a more robust research paradigm for empirical analysis targeting securities pricing; it deepens the thinking of using winner -loser portfolios as a tool to identify market abnormal performances by considering winner-loser portfolios of AH twin shares as mutual condition for robustness test; it contributes a viewpoint to the mechanism of overreaction by regarding regulators as price deciders, thus explaining that market overreactions are the result of information diffusion among informed investors; and based on the research results, this study provides policy recommendations that securities regulators should exercise caution, professionalism, and openness before promulgating and during implementing policies that may affect stock market volatility so as to prevent behavioral failures from amplifying market failure