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Trauma Screening at Juvenile Probation Intake With the Child Trauma Screen (CTS): Exploring Demographic Differences and Screening Decisions
No full textHigh prevalence of traumatic event exposure (TEE) among adolescents with justice system involvement (AJSI) justifies a movement toward trauma-informed care (TIC) in juvenile justice settings (Abram et al., 2004; Maschi et al., 2012; NCTSN, 2015; SAMHSA, 2014). One important component of TIC in these settings is universal trauma screening (Branson et al., 2017; NCMHJJ & TAC, 2016; Williams, 2007). Nevertheless, research establishing validity of cut score-based trauma screening tools with AJSI is limited. The Child Trauma Screen (CTS) was developed for child-serving settings and has a validated cut score (Lang & Connell, 2017; Lang & Connell, 2018; Lang et al., 2021). However, it has not been tested with AJSI or subjected to a focused assessment of screening results based on demographic characteristics. The current study examined CTS screening results from a group of adolescents on probation in Pennsylvania, investigating differences based on demographic characteristics including gender, race, and ethnicity.CTS results (Exposure total, Reactions total, Reactions present, proportion endorsing individual items, proportion screened in at cut score of 6) from a sample of 1,186 adolescents who completed the screen during a juvenile probation intake were examined. Gender comparisons including the entire sample and race/ethnicity comparisons within gender were conducted using independent samples t-tests and chi-square tests. Finally, several two-way ANVOAs estimated main and interaction effects of lifetime trauma, race, and ethnicity on trauma reactions for boys and girls.Unsurprisingly, girls endorsed more TEEs, more symptomology, and screened positive more often than boys. Less expected, White girls screened positive more often than Black/Multiracial girls, which was also reflected in more reported symptomology. No other differences in overall screening rates based on race or ethnicity were found, although Black/Multiracial boys reported more TEEs than White boys. Differences based on ethnicity were minimal, and only at the item level. Finally, for both genders symptom severity increased as lifetime trauma increased but there was no main effect of race or ethnicity on Reactions total, and neither race nor ethnicity significantly interacted with the effect of lifetime trauma. Results suggest that the CTS adequately captures trauma exposure and reactions among AJSI, and is appropriate as an initial trauma screen in juvenile justice settings. Further, results support the use of a cut score of 6 to identify those at risk for PTSD regardless of gender, race, or ethnicity
Weaponization of Religion: The Manipulation of Religion in the Pursuit of Political Power in Yugoslavia and Syria
No full textReligious conflict has played an important role in shaping human history, particularly in the last few decades with the proliferation of ethno-religious violence. This paper examines the development of the relationship between religion and politics, then analyzes how leaders manipulate religion to gain political power. Two case studies—Yugoslavia/Yugoslav Wars and Syria/Syrian Civil War—are used to demonstrate this ability religion has to spur conflict when coopted for political means. Yugoslavia and Syria make ideal case studies because both countries have a deeply rooted and seemingly inseparable link between ethnicity and religion. Methods of cooptation include using religious mythology and symbolism, influencing religious institutions, restructuring the government, and changing state policy towards religion and religious sects. Leaders, such as former Serbian President Slobodan Milošević and current Syrian President Bashar Assad, gained political authority and maintained legitimacy by manipulating religion and pitting their countrymen against each other in violent conflict. Ethno-religious conflicts and the associated protracted violence continues to undermine international security. Understanding the relationship between religion, political power, and conflict, is critically important to developing sustainable outcomes in peace processes
COLORISM, COLONIAL MENTALITY, AND DATING AND RELATIONSHIPS FOR FILIPINO AMERICAN WOMEN
No full textAs a consequence of a long colonial history under Spain and then the United States that lasted over 300 years, Filipinos have internalized a sense of cultural and ethnic inferiority known as ‘colonial mentality.’ When it comes to Filipino women, who have historically entered into romantic or sexual relationships with their colonizers, in which they were often mistreated, degraded, and discriminated against, colonial mentality continues to have an impact on their dating behaviors, attitudes, and experiences. This paper reviews a variety of literature, drawing particularly on qualitative sources such as personal narratives and interviews, to build case studies that effectively illustrate the ways in which colonial mentality continues to shape how Filipino women, specifically Filipino American women, navigate romantic relationships. What the paper essentially seeks to answer are the following questions: In what ways might colonial mentality manifest in the dating behaviors, attitudes, and experiences of Filipino and Filipino American women? What does this mean at the individual and the societal level for Filipino women? A sweep of the literature evidenced an apparent pattern across (1) the ways in which Filipino women characterize themselves as romantic or sexual patterns, (2) the criteria by which women evaluate dating partners, and (3) the ways in which women behave in their romantic relationships, which are discussed in the paper and later analyzed through the framework of colonial mentality and the Colonial Mentality Scale as developed by psychologists E.J.R. David and Sumie Okazaki. Overall, the purpose of the paper is contribute to the growing body of knowledge on Filipino psychology and to address a gap in the literature on colonial mentality and Filipino decolonization studies by drawing attention to Filipino American women, an often overlooked population in Filipino studies and in Asian American studies in general, and shifting the focus of colonial mentality from the intrapersonal to the interpersonal
EconomicDevelopment in the Postcolonial and Postwar era in East Asia: A Comparison of Taiwan and South Korea
No full textThis thesis examines the postwar political economy of South Korea and Taiwan, aiming to find how Taiwan achieved higher GDP per capita and lower corruption perception than South Korea when both countries carried out similar policies as they developed their economies. By comparing a historical overview of policy and outcome and taking economic measures, the thesis seeks to find a method that could be applied to other developing countries. Though the measurements used were insufficient to prove analysis, enough was found to give plausible suggestions for the difference in the outcome, such as the South Korean reliance on mega conglomerates as opposed to Taiwan\u27s aversion to creating such oligopolies. Future research can further compare how the policy differences created separate outcomes
HPV16 Induces Filopodia Formation to Promote Viral Entry in Human Keratinocytes
No full textHuman papillomaviruses (HPVs) are common sexually transmitted viruses that contribute to over 5% of all cancers worldwide. HPV infections are attributed to virtually all cases of cervical cancer, with 50% caused by HPV16. Cervical cancer is the most common death in women, with 80% of cases occurring in developing countries that do not have access to cervical tissue screening and vaccines. In the United States, there is a significant reduction in cervical cancer. However, the reported incidences of oropharyngeal and anal cancers have increased three-fold in the last decade. There has been significant progress in understanding the viral lifecycle. Although, the specific mechanisms behind the early stages of viral entry and trafficking are unclear. The purpose of this dissertation was to define the role filopodia play in HPV16 entry of human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). I determined that the initial binding of viruses to the cell membrane results in filopodia formation. I confirm with filopodia-inducing drugs that these protrusions increase the efficiency of viral binding and entry, as well as overall infection. Inhibition of filopodia by ML-141 resulted in a decrease in viral binding, entry, and infection. The second part of my dissertation addressed the initial signal cascade leading to filopodia formation. I demonstrate that the virus induces Rho GTPase signaling after associating with receptors along these protrusions. Cdc42 activation after virus addition coincided with filopodia induction time points. The depletion and inhibition of Cdc42 activity and its downstream signaling protein, PAK-1, resulted in a significant reduction of filopodia as well as a decrease in viral binding, entry, and infection. Additionally, my data suggest that Cdc42 contributes to cell cycle progression in human keratinocytes. Cdc42-depleted treatments resulted in a greater number of cells in the G1 phase and fewer cells in S or G2/M phase. Furthermore, I also suggest distinct roles for Rac1 and RhoA Rho GTPases in viral entry and trafficking. Taken together, my results help expand the field in understanding the interactions of HPV16 and host cytoskeleton. I present novel findings implicating Rho GTPases’ function in HPV16-induced filopodia formation and entry. There are still gaps in the field in determining what is necessary for virus internalization. Understanding the signaling mechanisms behind HPV16-induced actin rearrangement will allow for a better grasp of the entry mechanism as well as the discovery of effective prophylactic drugs
Aretha Franklin and Janis Joplin: Women Take the Lead as the Vietnam War Politicizes Popular Music
No full textStereotypes and Public Stigma Against People Experiencing Homelessness
No full textHomelessness creates tremendous hardship for millions of Americans, yet people experiencing homelessness (PEH) are a pervasively stigmatized social group. Evidence of persistent, negative views of PEH has been shown in decades of research and discriminatory laws, policies, and community efforts to minimize their housing options and public visibility. However, research has yet to establish what particular beliefs constitute stigma against PEH. This study aimed to identify stereotypes of PEH that contribute to the general public’s endorsement of discriminatory behaviors towards them (i.e. Discriminatory Intent). A national online survey (N = 421) of U.S. adults recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk examined the extent to which five stereotypes of PEH could explain variability in Discriminatory Intent. A multiple linear regression found that stereotypes of PEH as dangerous, dirty, and mentally ill or substance abusers (MISA), significantly predicted Discriminatory Intent after controlling for demographic and exposure to homelessness variables, whereas stereotypes of PEH as character defective and Black did not. Further, the dangerous stereotype partially mediated the relationship between the MISA stereotype and Discriminatory Intent, suggesting that some discriminate against PEH when they assume PEH are MISA, in part because they believe MISA are dangerous. These findings expand on existing knowledge of the psychological mechanisms that underlie stigma against PEH and can inform anti-stigma interventions and advocacy initiatives for PEH
The Past, Present, and Future of Reading: Portraits of Recent High School Graduates
No full textThis study used the portraiture method to explore the reading lives of four college students by examining their reading lives in three eras: the present, the past, and the future. Using long-form, active interviews, this study asked participants to reflect on their daily reading habits, their experiences learning to read, and their aspirations for reading in the future. This study aims to elevate the voices of students whose perspectives are often underexplored in the reading research literature, including students with disability, students of color, and first-generation students. By using identity as an analytical lens to evaluate how participants explained changes in their reading identities over time and by framing the study through a sociocultural view of reading, all participants, regardless of their reading identity, indicated having high reading self-concept despite having differential levels of motivation to read. The portraits revealed a complex narrative of learning to read in school that has a strong impact on present perceptions and reading self-concept
Genius Amidst Tragedy- Wu Tang, Nas, Biggie, Jay-Z and Tupac’s Poetic Portrait of Inner City America in the 1990’s
No full textA Greener Shade of Blue and Yellow: Sweden\u27s Path to Environmental Leadership
No full textIn 2021, Sweden was identified as the world’s most sustainable country and coined as a leader in global climate action. This paper analyzes the approach that Sweden takes to maintaining their sustainability as a nation and establishing environmentalism as a core value. Sustainability has deep roots in the country’s political and economic sectors, giving Sweden potential to be the world’s first net-zero nation. The first chapter demonstrates Sweden’s proportionately low environmental impact compared to other developed nations. The United States is used as a point of comparison throughout this paper in order to emphasize the progressiveness of the Swedish government and society. The second chapter analyzes the history of environmentalism in Sweden and reiterates their title as pioneers of the environmentalist movement. The third chapter examines environmental policy implementation by the Swedish parliament throughout the past several decades, including their framework for achieving carbon neutrality. Chapter 4 highlights Sweden’s dedication to sustainable economic development and their plan for transition to the circular economy model. The final chapter further evaluates comparisons between environmental action in Sweden and the United States, and provides policy recommendations for the United States based on the Swedish model