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建築不斷求進 Staying at the forefront of architecture
No full text在《透視》「First Person」欄目的第二篇，我們請來業內另一位中堅份子：香港大學建築系助理教授祈宜臻，講述「建築旅遊」和社區規劃的溝通協調的重要性。
In the second of our \u27First Person\u27 series featuring insights from leading industry practitioners, Tris Kee of the University of Hong Kong\u27s department of architecture shares her thoughts on the importance of \u27architourism\u27 and collaborative dialogue on community urban planning and practice
线路板废水再生处理中管式膜-反渗透工艺药耗分析 Analysis on the dosage consumption of the tube emebrane-reverse osmosis process in the breadboard wastewater recycling
No full text线路板行业废水重金属等污染物种类多、含量高，根据广东省电镀行业相关标准中的回用要求，须对线路板废水进行再生处理。珠海市某线路板生产厂采用高效微絮凝—管式膜(TMF)—两级反渗透(RO)工艺处理线路板废水，但在膜系统运行过程中须投加多种药剂，以保证膜系统的稳定运行和再生水水质达标。研究了TMF—RO工艺的药剂使用情况，该工艺投加药剂主要包括絮凝剂、还原剂、阻垢剂、酸碱调节剂、清洗剂等，当再生水水量为4 020m3/d时，设计药剂总投加量为156.7kg/d，单位再生水的平均药耗为39g/m3。该系统每天的药剂费用约为0.584万元/d，单位再生水的药剂成本为1.45元/m3，其中碱调节剂在药剂成本中所占比例最高，达65.64%。
There are various kinds of pollutants such as heavy metal in the breadboard industry wastewater with high concentration.According to the requirements of the wastewater reclamation for the electroplating industry in Guangdong Province,the breadboard wastewater should be recycled.Some breadboard production in Zhuhai City used the process of high-efficient micro-coagulation-tube membrane filter(TMF)-two-stage reverse osmosis(RO) to treat the breadboard wastewater.However,multiple kinds of dosages should be added in the membrane process to secure its stable operation and the water quality of the reclaimed wastewater.This paper studied the dosage for the TMF-RO system which mainly included coagulant,reducer,antisludging agent,acid and alkaline regulator,and cleaning agent.When the reclaimed wastewater quantity was 4 020 m3/d,the total dosage was 156.7 kg/d and the average dosage consumption was 39 g/m3.The daily dosage cost for this system was 5 840 YUAN/d;the cost of the reclaiming dosage was 1.45 YUAN/m3,among which the acid and alkaline regulator took 65.64%
The ingenuity of ageing: an experiment to explore the role of designers as a moral subject
No full textAs a dialogue with the advocates of the idea of ‘design process as Things’ of which designers become facilitators and supporters for design process, we attempt to argue that designers should understand their role as a moral subject and their values in design should be revealed and discussed with design participants. Regarding the ways of deliberating values in design process, we employed Ricoeur’s ideas of utopia and ideology as the key concepts guiding the design of our experiment with a group of retired academics in China. We argue that designers could accomplish this task through a critique of ideology and of identifying utopian elements from the participants. In conclusion, we maintain that both designers should align with the critical role of designers as a moral subject so as to ensure better design ‘outcomes’ that could improve lives for our future selves
Mitochondria-targeting cyclometalated iridium(III)–PEG complexes with tunable photodynamic activity
No full textWe present a new class of phosphorescent cyclometalated iridium(III) polypyridine poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) complexes [Ir(N^C)2(bpy–CONH–PEG)](PF6) (bpy–CONH–PEG = 4-(N-(2-(ω-methoxypoly-(1-oxapropyl))ethyl)aminocarbonyl)-4′-methyl-2,2′-bipyridine, number average molecular weight (Mn) = 5272.23, weight average molecular weight (Mw) = 5317.38, polydispersity index (PDI) = 1.009 ; HN^C = 2-phenylpyridine, Hppy (1a), 2-((1,1′-biphenyl)-4-yl)pyridine, Hpppy (2a), 2-phenylquinoline, Hpq (3a), 2-phenylbenzothiazole, Hbt (4a), 2-(1-naphthyl)benzothiazole, Hbsn (5a)). The photophysical, photochemical, and biological properties of these complexes have been compared with those of their PEG-free counterparts [Ir(N^C)2(bpy–CONH–Et)](PF6) (bpy–CONH–Et = 4-(N-ethylaminocarbonyl)-4′-methyl-2,2′-bipyridine ; HN^C = Hppy (1b), Hpppy (2b), Hpq (3b), Hbt (4b), Hbsn (5b)). Upon irradiation, all the complexes exhibited intense and long-lived green to orange-red emission under ambient conditions. The emission was phosphorescence in nature and can be quenched by O2 with the generation of singlet oxygen (1O2). The quantum yields for 1O2 production of the complexes in aerated DMSO (0.24–0.83) were found to be dependent on the excited-state lifetimes of the complexes, which can be altered using different cyclometalating ligands (N^C). Cell-based assays indicated that the PEG complexes were noncytotoxic in the dark (IC50 \u3e 300 μM) ; however, most of them became significantly cytotoxic upon irradiation (IC50 = 3.4 − 23.2 μM). Laser-scanning confocal microscopy images revealed localization of complex 3a in the mitochondrial region of HeLa cells and the induction of rapid necrotic cell death upon light activation. Additionally, the lack of dark toxicity and potential application of the PEG complexes as a visualizing reagent have been demonstrated using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an animal model
A case study on application of the theory of planned behavior to predict fruit and vegetable consumption amongst secondary school students in Hong Kong
No full textDirect human DNA protection by coriolus versicolor (yunzhi) extract
No full textContext and objective Coriolus versicolor in vitro Context and objective : Scientific evidence has shown Coriolus versicolor (L. ex Fr.) Quel (also known as Yunzhi) has the role of immunomodulator in therapeutic effect. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the antioxidative effect of Yunzhi and to explore the mechanisms behind its DNA protection.
Materials and methods : Commercial Yunzhi extract was dissolved in water and diluted in five concentrations (101105g/L) with appropriate buffers. Lymphocytes harvested from three healthy subjects were incubated with Yunzhi extract for 30min. Cells were then subjected to 5min oxidant challenge by 45M hydrogen peroxide. The standard alkaline comet (SAC) assay and lysed cell comet (LCC) assay were performed in parallel. DNA damage of each treatment was scored under a fluorescence microscope and compared with the cells without Yunzhi pretreatment.
Results : U-shaped doseresponse was seen in both versions of the comet assay. Yunzhi at 104g/L demonstrated a genoprotective effect against oxidative damage in the SAC assay (25 decrease in comet score). In the LCC assay, a trend of protection in lymphocytes was observed but it did not reach statistical significance.
Conclusion : A direct antioxidant effect of Yunzhi against oxidant challenge on the DNA of lymphocytes was evidenced. The active component in Yunzhi was likely to be membrane permeable
Protective effect of grape seed extracts on human lymphocytes: a preliminary study
No full textGrape seed extracts (GSEs) possess a broad spectrum of antioxidative properties that protects various cells from free radicals and oxidative stress. In this study, the genoprotective effect of GSE on human lymphocytic DNA was studied using standard and lysed cell comet assays. Lymphocytes from 5 healthy subjects were pretreated with GSE in different concentrations. The standard and lysed cell comet assays were performed on treated, untreated, challenged, and unchallenged cells in parallel. Cells were then subjected to an oxidant challenge induced with 5-min exposures to hydrogen peroxide. In the standard comet assay, GSE significantly diminished hydrogen-peroxide-induced DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner. In the lysed cell assay, however, the antioxidant effect was diminished at a higher GSE concentration. Data indicate that the cell membrane might play a role in limiting cellular access to antioxidants, which directly affects the genoprotective or potential pro-oxidant effect of antioxidants on human DNA. Using both standard and lysed cell comet assays in parallel could be a useful way to elucidate the mechanism of protection or damage by antioxidants
Acute simvastatin inhibits KATP channels of porcine coronary artery myocytes
No full textBackground: Statins (3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors) consumption provides beneficial effects on cardiovascular systems. However, effects of statins on vascular KATP channel gatings are unknown.
Methods: Pig left anterior descending coronary artery and human left internal mammary artery were isolated and endothelium-denuded for tension measurements and Western immunoblots. Enzymatically-dissociated/cultured arterial myocytes were used for patch-clamp electrophysiological studies and for [Ca2+]i, [ATP]i and [glucose]o uptake measurements.
Results: The cromakalim (10 nM to 10 µM)- and pinacidil (10 nM to 10 µM)-induced concentration-dependent relaxation of porcine coronary artery was inhibited by simvastatin (3 and 10 µM). Simvastatin (1, 3 and 10 µM) suppressed (in okadaic acid (10 nM)-sensitive manner) cromakalim (10 µM)- and pinacidil (10 µM)-mediated opening of whole-cell KATP channels of arterial myocytes. Simvastatin (10 µM) and AICAR (1 mM) elicited a time-dependent, compound C (1 µM)-sensitive [3H]-2-deoxy-glucose uptake and an increase in [ATP]i levels. A time (2–30 min)- and concentration (0.1–10 µM)-dependent increase by simvastatin of p-AMPKα-Thr172 and p-PP2A-Tyr307 expression was observed. The enhanced p-AMPKα-Thr172 expression was inhibited by compound C, ryanodine (100 µM) and KN93 (10 µM). Simvastatin-induced p-PP2A-Tyr307 expression was suppressed by okadaic acid, compound C, ryanodine, KN93, phloridzin (1 mM), ouabain (10 µM), and in [glucose]o-free or [Na+]o-free conditions.
Conclusions: Simvastatin causes ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+ release which is important for AMPKα-Thr172 phosphorylation via Ca2+/CaMK II. AMPKα-Thr172 phosphorylation causes [glucose]o uptake (and an [ATP]i increase), closure of KATP channels, and phosphorylation of AMPKα-Thr172 and PP2A-Tyr307 resulted. Phosphorylation of PP2A-Tyr307 occurs at a site downstream of AMPKα-Thr172 phosphorylation
