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Growth of SnS van der Waals Epitaxies on Layered Substrates
No full textIn this paper we present systematic investigations on the growth of SnS van der Waals epitaxies (vdWEs) on different substrates, including crystalline and layered substrates, by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Experimental growth of SnS on conventional 3D substrates, such as GaAs, indicates strong interaction between the SnS layer and the substrate resulting in poor crystallinity in general. Substantial improvement in the film crystallinity can be obtained when the deposition is made on layered substrates, with saturated surface bonds, as observed in SnS films deposited on mica and crystalline substrates with a graphene buffer layer. Crystal size as large as one micron and rocking curve FWHM of 0.118° was observed despite the large lattice mismatches. This represents significant improvement over the reported value of ∼3°. Several symmetric growth orientations are observed for films grown on mica substrates. The results indicate that weak vdW interactions between the saturated bonds of the substrate surface and the SnS unit layer which is an important factor for achieving high quality epitaxy layered materials
A case study on application of the theory of planned behaviour: predicting physical activity of adolescents in Hong Kong
Get PDFObjective: The aim of this case study was to predict the physical activity intention and behaviour of secondary school students in Hong Kong by applying the Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and past physical activity behaviour.
Methods: 486 students (250 male and 236 female), ranging in age from 11 to 18 years, were enrolled in this study. By means of self-administrated questionnaire, demographic data, past physical activity and variables of theory of planned behaviour, such as attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control were measured.
Results: About 75% of students did not meet the standard of the physical activity recommended by government. Male had significantly higher behavioural intention than female. The variables of theory of planned behaviour explained 53.1% of physical activity intention with significant factors of subjective norm and perceived behavioural control (PBC), increasing to 56.2% with the addition of past physical activity behaviour. When predicting physical activity behaviour, theory of planned behaviour accounted for 26.6% of the variance. The prediction was further improved by including past physical activity behaviour.
Conclusions: Results of this study give evidence that the theory of planned behaviour is a useful framework for prediction of physical activity intention of adolescents in Hong Kong. Among the variables, perceived behavioural control and past behaviour played a significant role in modelling the physical activity intention and behaviour of secondary school students
How Difficult Is It for Robots to Maintain Home Safety? – A Brain-Inspired Robotics Point of View
No full textThe cognition-based human intelligence, that is driven by emotion and feeling will definitely change the robot learning, memory, attention and decision making mechanism. The aim of paper is to give in depth investigation on how the robot learning based on emotion and feeling will give a new dimension to its performance. It means that self-learning is not just dependent upon a logical brain and proper embodiment; rather a feedback in terms of emotion and feeling based on experience is required for self-learning. It is the feedback in the form of feeling and emotion that plays a vital role in a complete self-learning process and this makes the robot more human
Curriculum development and students’ learning outcomes: a case study of Putonghua presentation skills
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From aesthetic experience to product design and innovation: a case study of the use of earphones in Hong Kong
No full textThe user-based approach has gained popularity in the field of design and innovation in recent years. Adopting an aesthetic perspective to understand the link between consumers\u27 perceptions of product design and their bodily experiences as manifested in the discourse of their everyday life, we empirically investigate what consumers infer from a product\u27s design reveals about their personal notion of aesthetics in everyday life.
The consumption of professional earphones was selected as a case study not only beacuse of the potential size of the earphones market, but also because the narratives of consumers on their multi-sensory perceptions relating to bodily experiences and aesthetic judgment can provide crucial insights on the design and innovation process wih regard to technological devices. Our theoretical framework makes reference to recent work on consumption aesthetics and sensory marketing in both design and consumer research. We followed a phenomenological direction in our study and interviewed a group of young music enthusiasts aged between 17 and 28 who consume professional earphones.
With reference to our analysis and interpretation of the data, three aesthetic themes are identified to describe how consumers infer both personal and social meanings while listening to music with their professional earphones. Consumers actively engage in the construction of the meaningfulness and aestheticization of everyday life with their personal notion of aesthetics with regard to product design, preferences, and usage. Thus, we suggest that product designers and innovators should also pay attention to these subjective narratives of consumers\u27 perceptions of design attributes, and the social and personal meanings that consumers infer in their everyday life
Changes in soil seed bank composition during early succession of rehabilitated quarries
No full textTo evaluate the contribution of seed bank to natural revegetation, a soil seed bank study was carried out at different phases on three quarries in Hong Kong. A total of 2188 seedlings from 57 species were found, among which 36 species were herbaceous and graminoid plants while 21 were woody species. The soil seed banks were dominated by a few annual species, i.e. Ageratum conyzoides, A. houstonianum, Cynodon dactylon, Digitaria longiflora and Kyllinga brevifolia, which accounted for more than 35% of the total abundance. With ecological development, greater species number as well as seed density and diversity were recorded at older rehabilitated sites, which indicated that the process favors the increase in species richness. However, non-woody species predominated in all phases including those that were even more than 10 years after rehabilitation. The result of DCA showed that only 21 woody species which included 15 native species were better represented on the older quarry sites, which may still be insufficient to initiate natural succession at the later successional stage. As most native species in the soil seed banks were dispersed by birds, management strategies should take into account the possibility of enrichment planting with native species in the early stage and sowing some late successional species in the later stage for quarry rehabilitation
Strength and body composition changes in recreationally strength-trained individuals: comparison of one versus three sets resistance-training programmes
No full textPurpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of increasing the volume of weight-training from one to three sets upon body composition and muscular strength.
Methods: Sixteen male weight-trainers volunteered to act as subjects and were randomly assigned to one of two training groups. Supervised weight-training targeting the upper body was conducted three times per week for eight weeks using one set (n = 8) or three sets (n = 8) of six repetitions to fatigue. Subjects were measured before and after the training intervention for (1) strength performance (N and kg) and (2) adiposity (sum of seven skinfold thicknesses in mm).
Results: Both training groups improved significantly (20.7%) in terms of muscular strength (P \u3c 0.05) with no differences being observed between the one set (21.98% increase) and three set group (20.71% increase) after the training interventions (P \u3e 0.05). Significant decreases were also observed for skinfold measures in the one set group (P \u3c 0.05).
Conclusions: One set of high intensity resistance training was as effective as three sets for increasing the strength of muscle groups in the upper body. The one set protocol also produced significantly greater decreases in adiposity