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Cytotoxicity and Antioxidant Activity of Zingiber officinale and 6-Gingerol on HepG2 cells
Full text linkThe present study was designed to compare the effects of ethanolic extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and its phenolic component [6]-Gingerol on viability, antiproliferation and apoptotic levels of human hepatoma cell lines (HepG2) and its antioxidant activity. HepG2 cells were cultured in Eagle’s minimum essential medium (EMEM) and the percentage of cell cytotoxicity was evaluated by tetrazolium salt (MTS) assay. Antiproliferation and apoptotic levels were measured by 5’Bromo-2’deoxyuridine (BrdU) colorimetry. Antioxidant capacity was studied by 1.1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical (DPPH) using spectrophotometry. We found that cytotoxicity and antiproliferative effect of ginger extract and [6]-Gingerol could be associated with induction of apoptosis. The ginger ethanol extract and [6]-Gingerol also showed remarkable antioxidant activities in comparison with ascorbic acid and N-acetyl-L-cysteine
Populasi bakteri pada Feses Neonatus: Penelitian pendahuluan
Full text linkRecent published data have outlined a relationship between the composition of the intestinal microflora and allergic inflammation, autoimmunity, chronic bowel inflammation, psychiatric, cognitive and behavioral disturbances. Factors influencing intestinal microflora are environment, genetic predisposition, diet, age, diseases, drugs, stressor. This preliminary study is to establish local reference of microbial flora in neonates. This study included samples taken from 20 neonates, age 1 – 7 days, from a private hospital in Jakarta. All samples were sent to microbiology laboratory without transport media and processed immediately. Bacteriological cultures for aerob and anaerob bacteria were performed according to the standard methods. Aerob and anaerob bacterial species were isolated from all samples, ranged 2 – 5 species per sample. Enterobacteriaceae were found to be dominant isolates (25% - 75%); followed by Streptococcus anhaemolyticus (60%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (40%), Staphylococcus aureus (5%),Clostridium difficile (5%), Bacteroides fragilis (5%), Bifidobacterium sp. (10%), Lactobacillus sp. (5%) and yeast (5%). These data indicated that aerob and facultative anaerob bacteria were predominant in neonates. However Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Clostridium difficile could be found. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding using larger number of samples and involving various age group
Pengaruh Bising Pesawat Udara terhadap Jumlah Sel NK (CD56 + CD16 + CD3 ) pada Masyarakat di Sekitar Bandara Adi Sumarmo Boyolali
Full text linkExposure to noise constitutes a health risk. There is sufficient scientific evidence that noise exposure can induce hearing impairment, hypertension and ischemic heart disease, annoyance, sleep disturbance, and decreased school performance. For other effects such as changes in the immune system and birth defects, the evidence is limited.The aims of this study was to find out the effect of the aircraft noise level to the number of Natural Killer Cell (CD56+CD16+CD3) among people in the area of Adi Sumarmo Airport Boyolali.The research finding was expected to contribute to the science development and to give benefits for local government and among people in the Area of Adi Sumarmo Airport in preventing the effect of noise. The research design was an analytical survey with a cross sectional approach, taking location at the Dibal and Gagak Sipat Village, Ngemplak Sub district, Boyolali District. The work was conducted from Juny to October 2008. The number of subjects involved were 57. They were divided into 3 groups; Group 1 was exposed 52.17 dB of noise level (19 respondents); Group 2 was exposed 71.79 dB of noise level (19 respondents); and Group 3 was exposed 92.29 dB of noise level (19 respondents). The samples were taken usingsimple random sampling. The data were analyzed by Anova followed by Post Hoc Test using LSD test completed with Homogenous Subsets. Based on the results of the analysis, a conclusion was drawn that there was a significant effect of the aircraft noise level to the number of Natural Killer Cell (CD56+CD16+CD3) among people in the area of AdiSumarmo Airport Boyolali
Distribusi Karakter dan Faktor Lingkungan pada Status Gizi Balita Desa Kalialang Kemangkon, Purbalingga
Full text linkLong lasting economic crisis has various impacts to the communitylife and recently malnutrition cases have been emerged and easily found in several regions of the country. There were approximately around 1.5 million children suffering from malnutrition in 2004, and more or less 150 thousand among them were predicted to be suffering from marasmus, kwashiorkor and marasmus-kwashiorkor. This study was carried out employing a cross sectional approach. The population selected was a group of children coming to the study site selected by non-random sampling method. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed both manually and using computer based approach. It was observed that up to 6.59% children suffering from malnutrition and residing at Kalialang village, Kemangkon, Purbalingga came from parents with primary school education background. Similar parents’ education background was also observed in 14.24% children suffering from under nutrition
Kandungan Vitamin A dan Protein Bakso Belut di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Full text linkThe objectives of this study were to investigate vitamin A and protein contentsin eel (Monopterus albus) meat balls. Theeel meat balls were made byaspecial addition of tapioca30%, 40%, 50% and 60% of thetotal weight of eel meat. Hedonic test was conducted in order to find the levels of panellist preferences. Friedman test wasemployedto find the effect of tapioca addition on colour, flavour, texture and taste. The content of vitamin A was analysedusing HPLCmethodand proteincontentusing Micro Kjeldahl method. The result revealed that the variation of tapioca addition gavenosignificanteffect on colour performance with the significance level of 1.0. However, it gave significant effect on flavour, texture and taste preferences with the significance level of <0.05. It wasfound that the most favourite eel meat balls was the one with tapioca addition of 50% of the eel meat weight. The average of vitamin A contentwas 2,215.95mg/100 gand protein is 7.2896 mg/100 g on the most favourite eel meat balls
KloningOpen Reading Frame (orf) ESAT-6 (Early Secretory Antigenic Target-6) Mycobacterium tuberculosis ke Escherichia coliBL21 (DE3)
Full text linkTuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an infectious diseases leading to significant death toll in most partof the world. Vaccination with BCG, a TB vaccine, is still a common practice until now. In general, the people in Indonesia receive BCG vaccine during their early childhood, but the efficacy of the vaccine would not last long to adulthood, which allow themto get potential latent TB infection. This latent TB infection might be detected by tuberculin skin test (TST), however, the weakness is that false positive reactions are commonly found due to cross reaction between antibodies produced during BCG vaccination and purified protein derivative (PPD). Alternatively, its detection could be performed by identifying immunodominant antigen to M. tuberculosis. The Early Secretory AntigenicTarget-6 (ESAT-6) for antibody based serological detection with high sensitivity and specificity could also be applied. The purpose of this study was to clone the open reading frame (orf) of ESAT-6 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). In this method, orf ESAT-6 was ligated to the expression vector pET-32b and transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3). Characterization of clones was carried out by cutting the recombinant plasmid using restriction enzymes BamH1 and XhoI. The result showed that three colonies with recombinant plasmid pET-32b-ESAT-6 were obtained. Sequencing of the DNA insert was then performed using the universal T7 primer. Characterization of white colonies with restriction enzymes showed two bands i.e. 288 bp and 5900 bp for orf ESAT-6 and pET32b vector respectively. BLAST analysis of sequence showed 100% homology
Karakterisasi Molekular Fragmen Gen mexB Isolat Pseudomonas aeruginosa Multiresisten
Full text linkAntibiotics have been widely used in the treatment of infectious diseases. However, their effectiveness has been questioned due to the tendency of some bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Pseudomonas aeruginosa among others has been known to be resistant to several antibiotics due to its MexABOprM efflux pump. Perhaps, the nucleotide sequence of its mexB gene fragment has changed followed by changes in amino acid sequence leading to alteration of the substrate recognition site. This alteration causes disability of antibiotics to recognize it and they are pumped out from the bacterial cell causing decrease in its inhibition concentration. An observasional study was performed using four P. aeruginosa isolates (A,B,C and D) taken from four laboratories in Bandung, and the sensitivity test for several antibiotics (tetracyclin, ampicyllin, amoxicyllin-clavulanat, kanamycin, ciprofloxazin, trimetoprim-sulphametoxazol, chloramphenicol dan eritromycin), was performed using Kirby-Bauer method. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) for 4 isolates were 20.57-39.07 mg/ml for erithromycin, 29.35-48.57 mg/ml for kanamycin, 30.35-68.75 mg/ml for tetracyclin, 45.57-97.50 mg/ml for ampicyllin, 23.69-97.50 mg/ml for chloramphenicol, 25.82-59.56 mg/ml for amoxcyllinclavulanat,21.88-79.00 mg/ml for trimetoprim sulphametoxazol, and 20.58-56.97 mg/ml for ciprofloxazin. The increasing of MIC to each antibiotic was shown for 4 isolates of P. aeruginosa multiresistant to several antibiotics being studied. PCR technique was used to detect mexB gene fragment asumed as the substrate recognition site. The percentage of homology between the nucleotide sequence of mexB multiresistant P. aeruginosa and mexB P. aeruginosa producing siderophore pioverdin (Acc. No. L11616, NCBI) showed 96%, 100%, 97%, and 96% homology for P. aeruginosa A,B,C and D respectively. Employing DNAstar program, fragment variant of mexB gene of 4 multiresistant isolates A, B, C and D was detected. This variation lead to amino acid substitution of Gly-417->Ser, Glu-417->Gln, Thr-424->Pro, Tyr-328->Phe, Asp-328->His for P. aeruginosa A,B,C and D respectively, along with the change of their secondary structure, that changed the functional protein of MexB
Karsinoma Nasopharynx dan infeksi EBV di Indonesia; analisis aspek klinis, Patologi dan Biomolekular
Full text linkNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a unique epithelial malignancy that occurs at a high frequency in certain regions of Southeast Asia. Previous study revealed the association between Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) and to a lesser extent, Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) with NPC. The role of the EBV in the pathogenesis of NPC was further supported by the recovery response of the tumor cells after being treated with EBV-specific T lymphocytes. The present study aims to determine the frequency distribution of EBV infection among the pathologically confirmed NPC patients and healthy control in Surabaya, Indonesia. The presence of Human Papilloma. Virus infection (HPV) was also analysed. The results indicated that EBV DNA existed in the 88% of the nasopharyngeal tissue biopsies of 25 NPC patients and none in the 10 healthy controls, and the difference was statistically significant.Analysis of the mononuclear cells of peripheral blood revealed that 60% of the 25 NPC patients carried EBV DNA whereas in control group 20% was found to be positive and the difference was statistically significant. Although a high positive rate EBV-DNA was detected in NPC patients, additional environmental and genetic factors must still be considered. Nevertheless, no HPV-DNA was detected from mononuclear cells of peripheral blood and nasopharyngeal tissue of the two groups. By this study there was no coexistence between the infection of EBV and HPV which promote carcinogenesis in NPC. Analysis using LMP1-DNA in tumor cell biopsies indicated that 72% of the NPC patients yielded PCR products and none of the healthy control, the difference was statistically significant. In conclusion the findings confirm the tight association between the EBV and NPC in Indonesia and that the specific presence of LMP1-DNAs in the tumor cells strongly indicates the important role of EBV in the pathogenesis of NPC. Coexistence of EBV and HPV infections was not found in NPC cases in Indonesia
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Biji Luffa acutangula, Roxb pada Mencit Betina Galur Swiss Webster terhadap Lama Siklus Estrus dan Jumlah Folikel Muda
Full text linkThe purpose of thepresent study was to investigate the effect of oral Luffa acutangula, Roxb seed extract respectively in the estrous cycle period and the total number of immature follicles on female mice, Swiss Webster strain. In this study, experimental animals weredivided to 5 treatment groups. The first 3 mice of each group were treated with 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg body weight of seed extract orally. The remaining 2 mice served as treated control (given aquabidest only) and samecontrol. Treatment wih seed extract of each group was given everyday for 20 and 40 days. All female mice whichwere treated with various doses (200, 300 and 400 mg/kg body weight) of Luffa acutangula, Roxb seed extract showed the highly significant different in the estrous cycle period and the number of immature follicles compared to control groups on day 20 and 40. The duration of estrous cycle of the treatment group was longer and the number of immature follicles were decreased; and the duration cycle was longer significant for the 40 day