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Draft Final 2025 Residential Metals Abatement Program (RMAP) Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) Annual Update (Non-Residential Parcels and Residential Daycares)
Get PDFRE: Final Blacktail Creek Groundwater Hydraulic Control System Pre-Design Investigation Evaluation Report
Get PDFRe: Conditional approval letter for the Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (BPSOU) Draft Final Quarterly Operations and Maintenance Report Butte Treatment Lagoons (BTL) System – Third Quarter 2024 (dated December 23, 2024)
Get PDFTECHNICAL MEMORANDUM - RE: 2022 Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (BPSOU) Groundwater Compliance Evaluation
Get PDFDraft Final Quarterly Operations and Maintenance Report Butte Treatment Lagoon System – Fourth Quarter 2024
Get PDFDraft Final BPSOU Insufficiently Reclaimed Sites BRES No. 158 - Waste Rock Dump Remedial Action Work Plan (RAWP)
Get PDFButte Priority Soils Operable Unit Draft Final 2023 Reclamation Improvement Sites Sampling: BRES No. 84 – Mandan Park Site Evaluation Summary Report
No full textRARE EARTH MINERAL FLOTATION – A COMPARISON OF SILICATES TO OXIDES, CARBONATES AND PHOSPHATES
No full textFlotation is a processing method used to separate valuable minerals from gangue minerals based on differences in hydrophobicity. When applied to ores bearing rare earth minerals (REMs) variations in rare earth element (REE) concentrations within the REMs can lead to inconsistent flotation results. Prior work at Montana Technological University examined the adsorption of collectors on the surfaces of synthetic REMs to assess recovery via flotation. Previous studies showed that the results obtained for Salicyl Hydroxamic Acid (SHA) on rare earth oxides REO), rare earth carbonates (REC), and rare earth phosphates (REP) vary depending on the coordination number (CN) and the ionic diameter of the REEs (i.e., Lanthanide Contraction, LC). In this study, research was extended to synthetic rare earth silicates of La, Nd, Dy, and Eu. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) was used to confirm the synthesized rare earth silicate types. It was found that Ln4.67(SiO4)3O and NaLn(SiO4) exhibited behavior similar to RECs and therefore attributed to a CN = 10, where Ln = La, Nd, Dy or Eu. Likewise, it was found that Ln2Si2O7 behaved similar to REOs and therefore attributed to CN = 7 for light REOs (LREOs) and CN = 6 for mid REOs (MREO). Ultimately, results depend on the silicate polymerization measured by the ratio of silicon to oxygen (Si:O). Because adsorption densities appear to exceed monolayer coverages, adsorption is attributed to chemisorption and surface precipitation. To improve metallurgical performance, it is suggested the collector blends be used so that light rare earth carbonates (LRECs) and light rare earth silicates (LRESs) of the SiO4-type, as well as heavy rare earth oxides (HREOs) and heavy rare earth silicates (HRESs) of the Si2O7-type, can be targeted in aggregate
EXPERIMENTS AND MODELING OF PMU UNDER GPS SPOOFING ATTACKS
No full textPhasor Measurement Units (PMUs) require an accurate timing signal, which is generally broadcast once per second and communicated to the PMU. While other timing protocols exist, internal clock actively synchronized to GPS time. This GPS dependence creates a potential cybersecurity vulnerability that requires attention. In this thesis, two critical aspects of GPS Spoofing Attacks (GSAs) were investigated. First, laboratory experiments on how a commercial PMU, compliant with the IEEE C37.118 standard, responds to a variety of GSAs. This work examines the ability of PMUs to detect certain spoofing attacks, highlighting cases where detection fails. The characteristic signature of the PMU response is analyzed and its cause explained. Second, a phasor-domain PMU/GSA model was built to study the behavior of power systems under spoofing conditions. This model was implemented in transient simulation software and used to assess the impact of spoofing on a transient-stability remedial action scheme
