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Investing in Body-Worn Cameras
No full textWhenever there is a public interaction between law enforcement officers, the behavior of those officers is always on display, so it is vital to document those interactions through the use of body-worn cameras. Body cameras will increase officer compliance, and self-awareness, and hold officers and members of the public accountable for their actions. There is no doubt that body camera footage is an invaluable source of evidence in multiple aspects, including, but not limited to, police officer complaints, criminal cases, fleet accidents as well as other areas of law enforcement. However, body-worn cameras also come at a significant financial cost. The cost of these cameras can certainly have a detrimental effect on the budget of a police organization; however, by planning and doing some research, police organizations will discover that both the federal and state governments provide grants to help with the purchase of these cameras. The implementation of body-worn cameras is a process that must include the implementation of a comprehensive departmental policy that outlines how the cameras should be used. Investing in body cameras and ensuring their proper use should be a priority for all law enforcement agencies in the United States.LEMI
Latino Osteopathic Medical Student Audio Series – Alexandria Padro
No full textBridging Horizons: Audio Series on a medical career journey for undergraduate students with Alexandria Padro. There is an undisputable need to increase Hispanic diversity in medical education and healthcare. Discover the inspiring world of medicine through "Bridging Horizons," an audio series designed to empower and guide Hispanic undergraduate students on their path to medical school. Delve into the personal stories and triumphs of Hispanic medical students, giving insights into their cultural perspectives on how to start the journey to becoming a medical professional. This audio series highlights the cultural attributes of medical students and their successful stories from navigating fears and uncertainties to initiating their medical career path up to their school’s admission. "Bridging Horizons" is a platform that celebrates the resilience, achievements, and contributions of Hispanic individuals in the initial journey to becoming medical professionals. Join us in fostering a supportive community for Hispanic prospective med students, offering practical advice on engagement to break down barriers, bridge cultural gaps, and provide a roadmap for aspiring Hispanic medical professionals. Tune in for a roadmap to success, from undergraduate studies to medical school admission.SHSU College of osteopathic Medicin
ENGLISH LEARNER POLICIES AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CERTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS AND TEACHER PREPARATION
No full textThe purpose of this study was to review policies that affect English Learners in
Texas public schools. Specifically, the relationship between ESL certification and teacher
preparedness to teach English Learners was addressed. In this journal-ready dissertation,
the first article contains a review of national and state policies that were designed to
create equitable education for English Learners. The second article uses state-wide data
from the Texas Principal Survey to ascertain the relationship between certification
characteristics and how well the first-year teacher was prepared for teaching English
Learners, planning, and instruction. The third article uses a similar state-wide dataset
from the New Teacher Survey to ascertain the relationship between certification
characteristics and first-year teacher evaluations of how well their educator preparation
program prepared them to teach English Learners, plan, and provide instruction. For the
latter two articles, which used a descriptive, matched-sample, quantitative research
design, structural equation models were implemented.
Analysis from the Principal Survey data indicated that ESL certification and was
not statistically significantly related to teacher preparedness to teach English Learners.
However, traditional certification routes were statistically significantly related to
preparedness to teach English Learners. Traditional certification programs were also
statistically significantly related to teacher preparedness for planning and instruction.
Concerning certification levels, secondary certification was statistically significantly
related to teacher preparation for planning, but not for instruction.
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Analysis from the New Teacher Survey data revealed slightly different results.
Again, ESL certification was not statically significantly related to preparedness to teach
English Learners. However, certification route and certification level were statistically
significantly related to preparation to teach English Learners. Traditional certification
programs and elementary level certification was positively related to preparation to teach
English Learners. Interestingly, ESL certification was statistically significantly related to
preparation for planning and instruction, but the relationship was negative. Again,
traditional certification routes were statistically significantly related to preparation for
planning and instruction. However, certification level was not statistically significantly
related to preparation for planning nor instruction.
In the final chapter, the two quantitative studies are compared and discussed in
relation to policy and literature. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
Finally, recommendations for future research are described
From Behind Home Plate to the Top of the Ranks: E-Learning Readiness of Emergent Bilinguals and the Effects of Socioeconomics
No full textE-learning can be particularly challenging for emergent bilingual students or English learners (ELs). Emergent bilingual students rely on readily accessible supports in the classroom such as body language, word walls, gestures, and collaborative work with a partner or group (August et al., 2014). Face-to-face exchanges are critical for these students as emergent bilinguals learn a language by engaging in conversations. Not only do in-person interactions build important relationships, they also support the development of the student at the social and emotional level, engagement, and academic achievement.
The purpose of this study is to understand the academic impact of online learning environments on ELs with further analysis of socio-economic implications. Online learning environments can often be isolating for students at this crucial developmental age. This study aims to bring to light disparities in academic achievement between ELs, ELs who are also coded as low-socio economic, and the general population of high school students in order call educators to action and address the needs of these populations (TEA, 2023).
A quantitative methodology was used in this study. Nonexperimental research using archival data was employed. This research study describes associations between student performance in coursework and student EL and ECO-DIS classifications. The intent of the study is to investigate the relationships between student classification codes of EL, ECO-DIS, and course grades. A primary outcome from this study is an association model, as such, the research design utilized multinomial logistic regression analysis (Swanson & Holton, 2005). The participants in this study include students grades 9 through 12 from all Region 19 (El Paso and Hudspeth counties) high schools enrolled during the academic calendar year 2020-2021 that report to the Public Education Information Management System (PEIMS) of Texas.
The findings of this study will help research communities dive further into conclusions and their implications such as the blending of synchronous and asynchronous instruction, collaborative learning, and structured learning resources, taking a deeper dive into areas of success and improvement (Anderson, 2011). These results may provide further evidence, allowing practitioners to refine tools and instructional practices that target academic remediation for these populations through online learning methods and techniques (Anderson, 2011).
The results demonstrate that Eco Dis status has an impact on grades, but EL status does not. The tests and data demonstrate that ELs, to include all EL sub codes, and non-ELs are performing at the same level in their coursework in an online learning environment. The results of economically disadvantaged students further emphasize that learning, whether online or face-to-face, presents challenges for students without resources. As this study pertains specifically to online learning environments, economically disadvantaged students may not learn as effectively in online learning environments for several reasons, primarily due to disparities in access, resources, and support. This research focuses on an age group often overlooked, secondary, public-school students in high school grades 9-12. The results of this study provide grounds for further investigation into the teaching practices and support provided for all students, particularly ELs, in the El Paso, TX public education system
Healthcare System Responses to Blackouts and Natural Disasters
No full textAs natural disasters and extensive blackouts are poised to increase in frequency and severity, healthcare facilities must address the substantial disruptions to patient care that can occur during these incidents. Additionally, consistent growth in demand for electrical power has placed strains on the nation’s aging electrical infrastructure, and experts have expressed concerns about the consequences of grid failure for essential services. The interdisciplinary literature on the effects of blackouts and disaster events on public health and safety is extensive, and the findings indicate that healthcare facilities often must confront surges of patients with a wide variety of physical and mental illnesses in the wake of long-term electrical outages. Moreover, the communities that are least resilient to power failures are typically those most in need of effective and responsive healthcare during disaster events. This report aims to (1) review the social science research on the consequences of power failures for the health and behavior of affected populations and (2) discuss the surge capacity challenges that hospital facilities face following natural disasters and power outages. In particular, this report highlights difficulties regarding shortages of trained staff, technological and supply chain breakdowns, the management of limited physical space, and communication disruptions
GENDER AND ETHNICITY BIAS IN DEEP LEARNING
No full textPeople’s opinions and actions in everyday life are increasingly influenced by artificial intelligence. However, representation in the design of these technologies has the potential to undo decades of progress in gender and ethnicity. These biases threaten the strides toward equality in these areas, casting a shadow over our progress. The concerns surrounding gender and ethnicity biases have pervaded numerous fields, none more prominently than within artificial intelligence, especially in pre-trained deep learning models. These models, celebrated for their capacity to extract knowledge from extensive datasets, hold immense potential to revolutionize society and decision-making. However, they are not impervious to the biases embedded in the data upon which they are trained. It raises the possibility of unintentionally perpetuating and amplifying societal biases linked to gender or ethnicity. The issue of gender bias in deep learning models has gained significant traction in recent times. As these models have become increasingly ubiquitous across various applications, it has become evident that they often perpetuate and exacerbate long-standing gender biases inherent in the training data. This paper embarks on a methodical and empirically rigorous exploration, delving into the nuanced landscape of gender and ethnicity bias within a diverse array of pre-trained deep learning models. Through meticulous scrutiny of these models’ performance about gender and ethnicity-based predictions, we aim to unearth invaluable insights regarding the presence, intricacies, and magnitude of bias.This research paper offers a comprehensive and empirically grounded examination of gender and ethnicity bias within a diverse range of pre-trained deep-learning models. This investigation involves a meticulous analysis of how these models perform when making predictions related to gender and ethnicity. By scrutinizing their predictions, the aim is to unearth valuable insights into the presence, nuances, and extent of these biases within AI systems. Furthermore, this work introduces an innovative, holistic solution to mitigate gender and ethnicity bias. We present CNN models strategically crafted to address and rectify biases about gender and ethnicity effectively. This model represents a pioneering step towards combating bias on multiple fronts within AI systems. This research thus contributes significantly to the broader understanding of bias within AI technologies. Simultaneously addressing gender and ethnicity bias and proposing a practical remedy and the way for more equitable and unbiased advancements in artificial intelligence. Through rigorous analysis and innovative solutions, we seek to ensure that AI systems respect and uphold the principles of fairness, inclusively, and diversity, thereby fostering a more just technological landscape for all
Instruction in Study Skills: Phenomenological Study of Student Perceptions of Modes of Delivery and the Relation to Noncognitive Skills
No full textIn this study, a phenomenological approach was used to explore first-year seminar students’ perceptions of two modes of study skills instruction, and the resulting influence on noncognitive skills, for students at a 4-year, private college in the southeastern United States. The exploration focused on two modes of study skills instruction, faculty-led class instruction and individual peer tutoring. The noncognitive skills explored were self-regulation, self-efficacy, motivation, and help-seeking behaviors. Ten students enrolled in a Fall 2021 first-year seminar course were interviewed. Results from the coding of these interviews were organized into five themes: academic activities, academic beliefs, academic influences, academic instruction, and academic organization. Implications for practitioners in the areas of first-year seminar courses, study skills instruction, peer tutor training, and student support services were discussed, and the researcher made recommendations for the focus of future research pursuits
Latino Osteopathic Medical Student Audio Series – Josselyne Orbegoso
No full textBridging Horizons: Audio Series on a medical career journey for undergraduate students with Josselyne Orbegoso. There is an undisputable need to increase Hispanic diversity in medical education and healthcare. Discover the inspiring world of medicine through "Bridging Horizons," an audio series designed to empower and guide Hispanic undergraduate students on their path to medical school. Delve into the personal stories and triumphs of Hispanic medical students, giving insights into their cultural perspectives on how to start the journey to becoming a medical professional. This audio series highlights the cultural attributes of medical students and their successful stories from navigating fears and uncertainties to initiating their medical career path up to their school’s admission. "Bridging Horizons" is a platform that celebrates the resilience, achievements, and contributions of Hispanic individuals in the initial journey to becoming medical professionals. Join us in fostering a supportive community for Hispanic prospective med students, offering practical advice on engagement to break down barriers, bridge cultural gaps, and provide a roadmap for aspiring Hispanic medical professionals. Tune in for a roadmap to success, from undergraduate studies to medical school admission.SHSU College of Osteopathic Medicin
Liability Mitigation: Why Police Agencies Must Earn Accreditation for Federal Funding
No full textLaw enforcement agencies follow policies set by their executive director. A chief, sheriff, or constable sets standard operating procedures in every aspect of their agency. The problem with this is that their policies or practices could be outdated or simply not efficient. Accreditation organizations like the Texas Police Chiefs Association Foundation (TPCAF) and Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies (CALEA) conduct audits or assessments on participating agencies to ensure compliance with the best practices regarding law enforcement agencies. Approximately 7% of all Texas agencies are awarded accreditation through CALEA or TPCAF. This number is astonishing, considering the liability regarding today’s law enforcement practices and policies (CALEA, 2021; Texas Police Chief's Association, 2011). The reason while this number is low, is because there is no initiative, other than liability backing, to go through the accreditation process. However, there are many more benefits to becoming accredited, including improved officer training, enhanced professionalism, adherence to best practices, and increased community trust. In 2023, there was a bill in legislation that would require all Texas agencies to be accredited to receive any federal funding (State of Texas, 2023). Federal funding is a huge budgetary factor in police agencies across the nation and the state of Texas. Police agencies should be accredited to receive federal funding.LEMI
Disrespect Sensitivity in the Context of Right-Wing Authoritarianism, Maladaptive Personality, and Violence
No full textThis study examines the level to which Disrespect Sensitivity mediates the relationships between maladaptive personality traits, Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA), and lifetime history of violence. Data was collected via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk). The final sample utilized during analysis included 714 adult men from the United States (Mage = 33.39, SD = 13.74, range = 18–77). Each participant was administered a demographic questionnaire, the Authoritarianism-Conservatism-Traditionalism Scale (ACT Scale; Duckitt et al., 2010), the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5; Krueger et al., 2012), the Lifetime Aggressive Acts Index from the LAVA (King et al., 2017), and the Disrespect Sensitivity Scale (McDonald, 2008). Correlational analyses revealed moderate relationships between Negative Treatment Vigilance of the Disrespect Sensitivity Scale and each of the PID domains. In contrast to previous research, several of the PID-5 domains or facets did not have meaningful relationships with violence. A Structural Equation Model (SEM) was created to test Disrespect Sensitivity as a potential mediator between Maladaptive Personality and RWA as distal latent variables with the LAGG as the outcome variable. Direct paths were also drawn from Maladaptive Personality and RWA to the LAGG. The final SEM consisted of the observed variable Negative Treatment Vigilance acting as a direct predictor of the LAGG. Although both Maladaptive Personality and RWA somewhat predicted Negative Treatment Vigilance, Negative Treatment Vigilance did not predict the LAGG