University of Oslo (UiO): FRITT (E-Journals)
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Superleiren: Midtøsten som regional flyktningleir
No full textMidtøsten er i dag blitt en permanent lagringsplass for flyktninger og migranter og kan derfor sammenliknes med en regional flyktningleir, en superleir
Experimental Trajectories of Young Users of Psycho-active Prescription Drugs in Urban Indonesia
No full textIn Indonesia, a country with stringent drug laws, psycho-active prescription drugs (PPDs) have become popular among urban youth as they are seen to be safe – both medically and in terms of the risks of being arrested. During the ChemicalYouth project, which involved a multi-sited ethnography in urban centers in South Sulawesi (Makassar, Gowa, and Maros) and in Yogyakarta, we found that young people encourage each other to try out different kinds of PPDs to determine which (combinations) work best for them. Sharing their experiences, they jointly build up knowledge that guides their ‘experimental trajectories’ (Raikhel and Garriott 2013). The experimental trajectories of youths are enabled by pharmacies, where young people can buy PPDs, and private sector doctors who sell and prescribe PPD prescriptions. When certain PPDs become harder to get, young people will try out new substances in their search for happiness, highs, and the confidence and stamina needed to perform precarious informal sector jobs such as sex work, street singing, and helping people park their cars. Across the sites, the researchers encountered young people realizing that they had become addicted to PPDs. Simultaneously, health workers lack instruments to prevent harm related to PPD use as they work in public sector harm reduction programs designed narrowly to address illicit heroin addiction. We argue that educational interventions need to address the desires and aspirations for good enough lives that are reflected in young people’s creative poly-drug use practices, and the iatrogenic effects of unregulated pharmaceutical markets that enable medicalization of precarious lives
The Anatomy of Late Roman Art. Interaction between Public and Private, Meaning and Image, Patron and Workshop
No full textIn spite of many turbulent changes and a vigorous development in late Roman art, the Roman pagan élite preserved the old and tenacious Classicism as absolute aesthetic value. In my opinion, this pseudo-conservative attitude was essential to maintain the Roman patrons’ influence in a multi-cultural sphere. Perhaps, therefore, we do not have any satisfactory term for indicating the highly heterogeneous non-Classical tendencies in Roman art. I would like to propose a name for such tendencies which is far more neutral than any other current denominations. Moreover, I will discuss the Roman patrons’ intense personal participation in creating art both publicly and privately without holding a chisel or brush in their hand. This unique trend was made possible owing to the masses of technically skillful and socially oppressed artists – and the literacy of the Roman elite. When the preconditions for this patron art weakened in the course of the third century AD, and finally were displaced by more institutional limitations and a powerful collective inspiration in the Christian fourth century, these changes inaugurated a restitution of the unity between technical skill and creativity
Lærergrupper på Facebook II: RLE-lærergruppa og andre møteplasser
No full textIn two connected articles we introduce teacher groups on Facebook as a new field of research in the Norwegian context. Our study investigates RLE-lærergruppa («the RE teacher group»), a Facebook group created by and for RE teachers in 2015. By January 2020, the group had more than 2 800 members. We collected data on the group´s content and activity for the period of one year from 2018 to 2019, and combined a qualitative and quantitative coding of all posts, including who posts. In this second article we compare RLE-lærergruppa to the Norwegian association for RE teachers and other non-digital arenas in the field of RE pedagogy. RLE-lærergruppa is the first and only national arena where RE teachers across all levels come together. We argue that the group strengthens ties across school and academia by facilitating communication between teachers, pre-service teachers, and teacher educators. Finally, we contend that the group contributes to a vertical integration in the field of RE pedagogy that disrupts traditional hierarchies between school and academia.
Keywords: Facebook, RE teachers, RE pedagogy, religion didactics, Norwegian association for RE teachers, school and academia I to sammenhengende artikler introduserer vi lærergrupper på Facebook som et nytt forskningsfelt i norsk kontekst. Vår studie undersøker RLE-lærergruppa, en Facebook-gruppe opprettet i 2015 av og for religionslærere. Gruppen har per januar 2020 over 2 800 medlemmer. Vi har samlet inn data på innhold og aktivitet i gruppen over en ettårsperiode fra 2018 til 2019 og kombinert en kvalitativ og kvantitativ koding av alle postene, samt hvem som poster. I denne andre artikkelen sammenligner vi RLE-lærergruppa med Religionslærerforeningen og andre tidligere, ikke-digitale møteplasser i det religionspedagogiske og didaktiske feltet. Vi viser at RLE-lærergruppa er unik ved at den er den eneste møteplassen og samlingspunktet for religionslærere på alle trinn over hele landet. Den styrker skole–akademias forbindelser ved å fasilitere kommunikasjon mellom lærere, lærerstudenter og lærerutdannere. Vi argumenterer videre for at gruppen bidrar til en vertikal integrering i det religionsdidaktiske feltet som bryter med det tradisjonelle hierarkiet mellom skole og akademia.
Stikkord: Facebook, religionslæreren, det religionspedagogiske feltet, det religionsdidaktiske feltet, Religionslærerforeningen, skole og akademia[1]
[1] Takk til Geir Skeie og Moumita Sen for innspill på ulike tidspunkt i prosessen. Takk også til Ann Midttun, Elisabeth Haakedal, Kari Repstad, Liv Gundersen og Sverre Mogstad for informasjon om ulike deler av religionspedagogikkens organisatoriske historie
Quṭbaddīn an-Nahrawālī’s (917-990/1511-1582) Treasure of Names and Other Ottoman-Era Arabic Treatises on the Art of the Muʿammā
No full textIn Timurid times Persian littérateurs devised a new kind of logogriph (muʿammā) that differed considerably from the muʿammā as was known in the Arabic tradition. The most salient feature of the new, Persianate muʿammā, which is normally a couplet, is that it has two levels of meaning: an obvious or surface meaning (‘the poetic meaning’), and an encoded ‘riddle meaning’, which gives the clues to the solution of the riddle. Since the 16th century the new, Persianate muʿammā became very popular with Ottoman Turkish and Arabic littérateurs as well. In fact, to judge by the available evidence, it appears that the new muʿammā gradually became the most popular kind of literary riddle in Arabic. The present paper presents Quṭbaddīn an-Nahrawālī’s (917-990/1511-1582) Treasure of Names, the most influential Arabic treatise on the new muʿammā, which is modelled on earlier Persian treatises. It discusses the growth of the new muʿammā in Arabic, describes the rules applying to it as presented in an-Nahrawālī’s treatise, analyses several Arabic muʿammayāt cited in that treatise and concludes by mentioning some additional Ottoman-era Arabic treatises on the riddle that testify to the great popularity of the new muʿammā in Arabic until the late 19th century
Establishing Rating Scales to Assess Writing Proficiency Development in Young Learners
No full textWriting assessment scales were developed to include functional aspects of writing proficiency in contemporary Norwegian teaching toolkits for Grades 1 to 3. This study aims to describe the process of developing empirically based, assessor-oriented writing proficiency scales and of investigating the quality of the scales. We focus on psychometric qualities, professional users’ perceptions of their quality, and the teachers’ use of the scales. Overall, the first piloted version of the scales showed indications of well-functioning scales. The results from this investigation show that it is possible to develop scales for the assessment of young children’s writing proficiency that capture the intended construct and provide a basis for reliable assessment. The investigation also found that users of the assessment tool found that it functioned well.
Keywords: writing assessment, writing development, rating scales, reliability
Upprätta bedömningsskalor för att utvärdera utvecklingen av skrivförmågan hos unga studenter
Sammanfattning
Denna artikel berör arbetet med att utveckla bedömningsskalor för bedömning av funktionell skrivförmåga i årskurs 1–3. Syftet med undersökningen var att dels beskriva arbetet med att skapa empiriskt baserade bedömar-orienterade skalor, dels att undersöka kvaliteten på dessa skalor. Det senare gjordes genom att studera skalorna psykometriska kvalitet, den kvalitet de uppfattades att ha samt lärares användning av skalorna. Sammantaget visade undersökningarna att skalorna fungerade väl, redan vid första utkast. Vidare indikerade resultaten att det var möjligt att konstruera skalor för bedömning av små barns skrivande som kunder generera reliabel bedömning samtidigt de fångade väsentliga aspekter av funktionellt skrivande. Undersökningarna indikerade också att användare av bedömningsverktygen generellt uppfattade dem som välfungerande.
Nyckelord: skrivbedömning, skrivutveckling, bedömningsskalor, reliabilitet 
Health care and long-term care costs by age and proximity to death in a publicly funded universal system: A descriptive study of population data
No full textTrends in population ageing parallel concerns with escalating health care expenditures. The purposes of this study are to (1) estimate the distribution of health care and long-term care costs to ascertain the relative importance of age vs. proximity to death as the main driver of costs; (2) explore the relative importance of user rates and costs per user as the primary driver of per capita costs of selected services for survivors and decedents, respectively; and (3) provide projections of future costs. We use data on service use for the entire Norwegian population from four national registers linked with the Cause of Death Registry to calculate costs per decedent in the last 365 days of life and the average one-year costs of people surviving at least two years. Future costs were calculated using projections on population and probability of death from Statistics Norway. We find that the substantial increase in costs at older ages among both decedents and survivors relates to higher long-term care costs. Health care costs peak in the late 50s among decedents and in the early 80s among survivors and then decrease with age. While costs in the last year of life for each decedent are 19 times the average costs of survivors, the decedent/survivor cost ratio decreases with age to less than double among those aged ³95 years. Expenditure projections indicate an increase in spending due to population ageing, especially in long-term care expenditures. For somatic hospital costs, proximity to death has a greater impact on costs than age; the age effect is more important for long-term care, implying that the “red herring” effect is larger for acute health care than for long-term care. Adjusting for costs during the last year of life reduces the projected increase in expenditures, but only to a limited extent
El espejo empañado: Y Dios entró en La Habana, entre reportaje literario y remodelación autoficcional
No full textTitle:The Fogged Mirror: Y Dios entró en La Habana, between Literary Reportage and Autofictional Self-Invention
Keywords: political-literary essay; autofictional writing; utopian thinking; intellectuality between field of power and literary field; Y Dios entró en La Habana
En la primavera de 1998 Manuel Vázquez Montalbán se encontraba en La Habana, donde asistió a la visita del papa Juan Pablo II en la Cuba de Fidel Castro para cubrirla y comentarla en la prensa española. Poco después surgió de aquel material el volumen Y Dios entró en La Habana (Madrid 1998), el cual resulta difícil de describir tanto formalmente como en relación a su contenido: una parte de los textos se puede leer como un reportaje de viajes político sobre la situación de la isla tras los años de la gran crisis económica, otra como un ensayo político sobre los límites y las posibilidades de las utopías revolucionarias poco antes del fin del milenio y otra como una búsqueda autoficcional a través del narrador, quien va cuestionando sus proyecciones sobre Fidel Castro desde su propia juventud.
Este artículo se plantea, en primer lugar, cuestionar de forma crítica el volumen en su calidad de “testimonio” de un determinado momento histórico: ¿En qué medida logra el texto capturar una buena visión detallada del régimen castrista en aquella época y hasta qué punto es un documento de la búsqueda subjetiva de un intelectual español? Las preguntas clave serían las siguientes: ¿Qué imagen de Cuba surge del texto? ¿Cuál es el ideario político-utópico que se esconde tras las preguntas del narrador?
La obra analiza la obra en relación con otros textos diccionales o docuficcionales de Montalbán de los años 90 (Un polaco en la corte del Rey Juan Carlos, Panfleto desde el planeta de los simios, El escriba sentado, Marcos: el señor de los espejos) para mostrar con qué estrategias narrativas el autor se construyó como personaje entre el campo literario y el campo de poder y qué papel jugó en este contexto el espejo (¿empañado?) de Latinoamérica.
Palabras clave: ensayo político-literario; escritura autoficcional; pensamiento utópico; intelectualidad entre campo de poder y campo literario; Y Dios entró en La Habana
Keywords: political-literary essay; autofictional writing; utopian thinking; intellectuality between field of power and literary field; Y Dios entró en La Habana
Título en inglés: The Fogged Mirror: Y Dios entró en La Habana, between Literary Reportage and Autofictional Self-Inventio
Between the Ideal and Artistic Practice. On Research into Ancient Sculptural Polychromy
No full textAntiquity is often synonymous with white marble. Such are the general expectations when visitors enter 21st century museum galleries hosting ancient sculpture. Yet, ancient marble sculptures have never been actually white. They were originally fully painted or otherwise coloured, and today they pose as controlled ruins build by decades of restorations, de-restorations and preservation manifested as encrusted layers and patina. As such they express the modern ideal, meaning ideas of aesthetics developed by 19th and 20th century museums. They do not reflect the ancient artistic practice or the ideas of aesthetics that once guided the ancient craftspeople. The experimental reconstructions -meaning painted copies of authentic sculptures- are therefore often met with suspicion and sometimes frustration, because they explore the artistic practice above the ideal. Unlike the ancient originals, the painted copies are not in any way visually authentic, but fully polychrome, and layers of paint are often applied in thick, opaque layers, thus failing to meet the ideas of aesthetics on behalf of the modern viewer. While the reconstructions serve as seminal research tools in the academic exploration and experimentation with colours on white marble sculptures, they have no precedents in the history of art. This article will therefore explore how reviews of these experimental reconstructions echoes ideas of aesthetics originating from the 19th century, and how a lack of confronting these ideas ultimately empowers the reconstructions with the potential to impose a much-needed material diversity to 21st century classical sculpture galleries