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«Dere skal være enige med meg også!» Elevers administrering av gruppesamtaler i en periode med eksplisitt samtaleundervisning i norskfaget

Author: Kvistad Tone
Publication venue: University of Oslo Library
Publication date: 10/04/2021
Field of study

In this article, I examine how pupils (12–13 years old) managed group talk during a 10-week classroom intervention with explicit teaching of talk skills. The design of the lessons was inspired by Talk Lessons from the Thinking Together approach (Dawes et al., 2004), which involves establishing ground rules to promote exploratory talk. I analyze “managing turns” in four peer groups using the constant comparative method (Corbin & Strauss, 2015). Six categories of “managing turns” are exemplified and analyzed in the article, focusing on the functions of these utterances. The findings indicate that the lessons stimulated the pupils’ awareness of productive participation in group talk, although in some cases their managing turns seemed mechanical. This indicates that the pupils were in the process of mastering new communicative tools, but that these were not yet fully appropriated. Another finding is that the pupils’ managing of group talk was characterized by a “consensus pressure”, in which the pupils rushed to reach a joint conclusion. This seemed counterproductive in terms of promoting exploratory talk. The article contributes to oracy education within the Norwegian subject, by highlighting the importance of explicit teaching of group talk. The findings also lead to critical reflection on elements of the teaching approach used in the study. Keywords: oral skills, Norwegian subject, upper primary level, exploratory talk, ground rulesI denne artikkelen undersøker jeg hvordan elever på 7. trinn administrerte gruppesamtaler underveis i et ti uker langt undervisningsforløp med eksplisitt undervisning i samtaleferdigheter. Designet av norsktimene i denne perioden var inspirert av «Talk Lessons» fra Thinking Together-tilnærmingen (Dawes et al., 2004), som blant annet innebærer etablering av samtaleregler for å fremme utforskende gruppesamtale (eng. «exploratory talk»). Jeg analyserer samtaleadministrering i fire smågrupper ved hjelp av den konstant komparative metoden (Corbin & Strauss, 2015). Seks former for samtaleadministrerende ytringer i materialet blir eksemplifisert og analysert med hensyn til hvilke funksjoner ytringene har i elevenes gruppesamtaler. Funnene indikerer at undervisningen stimulerte elevenes bevissthet om egen og andres samtaledeltakelse, selv om måten samtalene ble administrert på i flere tilfeller virket mekanisk. Dette tyder på at elevene var i ferd med å mestre nye kommunikative redskaper, men at disse enda ikke var fullt approprierte. Et annet funn er at gruppesamtalene var preget av et «enighetstrykk», der elevene ble opptatte av å komme raskt fram til felles svar. Dette enighetstrykket så ut til å være kontraproduktivt med tanke på at samtalereglene skulle stimulere til utforsking. Artikkelen er et bidrag til norskfagets muntlighetsdidaktikk ved at den belyser betydningen av eksplisitt samtaleundervisning. Samtidig leder også funnene til kritisk refleksjon rundt elementer ved undervisningstilnærmingen som ble prøvd ut. Nøkkelord: muntlige ferdigheter, norskfaget, mellomtrinnet, utforskende samtale, samtaleregler

Fra Safety-I til Safety-II: Mot nye perspektiver på pasientsikkerhet i selvmordsforebygging

Author: Berg Siv Hilde
Publication venue: University of Oslo Library
Publication date: 21/12/2021
Field of study

Safety-II is a core concept in resilient healthcare. The Safety-II approach perceives adaptation as the centraltenet to create safe care for each patient. The author argues that resilient healthcare provides useful perspectives to the suicide field. From a Safety-I perspective, suicide is prevented by ensuring that all healthcare professionals follow procedures and correct failures. While the Safety-I approach can give successful results in clinical practices with predictableoutcomes of the implemented safety measures, this approach has some limitations when applied topractices in which the risk is not completely understood. In such practices, deviations from standardsmay be necessary to respond to varying conditions, e.g., patient heterogeneity and changing needs. Safety-II is the presence of an ability that enables things to go right across varying conditions. Research on resilient healthcare and the Safety-II-perspective in suicide prevention is in its early beginning. The studies provides insight that a Safety-II perspective in clinicalsuicide prevention involves integrating individualised and relational components in the patient safety work.At the level of regulatory authorities and health supervisions, a Safety-II perspective involves moving awayfrom perceiving healthcare professionals and improper suicide risk assessments as the main cause of thepatient suicides, to acknowledge the complexity clinicians face when making the decisions and adaptingtreatment to individuals.Sentralt for resiliens i helsetjenesten er Safety-II-perspektivet. I et Safety-II-perspektiv anses tilpasninger som sentralt for å skape trygge pasientforløp for den enkelte pasient. Forfatteren argumenterer for at resiliens i helsetjenesten gir nyttige perspektiver til suicidfeltet. I et Safety-I-perspektiv forebygges selvmord ved å sikre at alle ansatte følger prosedyrer ogkorrigerer svikt. Mens Safety-I-tilnærmingen kan gi gode resultater i en klinisk praksis hvor det er kunnskapsgrunnlag for at den enkelte prosedyren gir gode utfall for pasienten, vil ikke denne tilnærmingen være tilstrekkelig i en praksis kjennetegnet av usikkerhet relatert til hva som virker, og hvor prosedyren ofte tilpasses for å imøtekomme varierende krav i pasientbehandlingen. I et Safety-II-perspektiv forstås sikkerhet som systemets evne til å oppnå suksess under varierende omstendigheter. Forskning på resiliens i helsetjenesten og Safety-II-perspektivet innen selvmordsforebygging er i startfasen. Studiene gir innsikt i at et Safety-II-perspektiv på sikkerhet i selvmordsforebygging innebærer å innlemme det individtilpassede og relasjonelle i pasientsikkerhetsarbeidet. Et Safety-II-perspektiv innebærer også en endring påregulerings- og tilsynsnivå fra å plassere skylden for pasientselvmordet på det enkelte helsepersonell og manglende selvmordsrisikovurderinger, til å forstå og anerkjenne kompleksiteten helsepersonell til dagligstår overfor

Pårørande treng ein stad å vende seg til

Author: Pileberg Silje
Publication venue: University of Oslo Library
Publication date: 22/12/2021
Field of study

Pårørande til personar i sjølvmordsfare er ofte i konstant alarmberedskap. Men ingen har det overordna ansvaret for å hjelpe denne gruppa, ifølgje Anne-Grethe Terjesen i Pårørendealliansen

Muḥammad ʿAbduh’s Notion of Political Adab: Ethics as a Virtue of Modern Citizenship in Late 19th Century Khedival Egypt

Author: Ryle-Hodges William
Publication venue: University of Oslo Library
Publication date: 31/12/2021
Field of study

This paper extends the emphasis on contingency and context in Islamic ethical traditions into the distinctly modern context of late 19th century Khedival Egypt. I draw attention to the way Muḥammad ʿAbduh’s engagement with Islamic ethical traditions was shaped by his practice in addressing the broad social and political questions of his context to do with nation-building and political journalism. As a bureaucrat and state publicist, he took pre-modern Islamic ethical concepts into the emerging discursive field of the modern state and the public sphere in Egypt. Looking at a series of newspaper articles for the state newspaper, al-Waqāʾiʿ al-miṣriyya, I show how he articulated an ethics of citizenship by defining a modern civic notion of adab that he called “political adab.” He conceived of this adab as the answer to the problem of how a unified nation emerges from the condition of “freedom” by which journalists and the reading public at the time were conceptualizing the politics of the ʿUrābī revolution in late 1881. This was a “freedom” of the public sphere that allowed for free speech and the power of public opinion to shape governance. ‘Political adab’ would be the virtue or situational skill, internalized in each participant in the public sphere, that would regulate this freedom, ensuring that it produces unity rather than anarchy. I argue that adab here enshrined ʿAbduh’s holistic approach to nation-building; Egypt with political rights would be a nation in which the very idea of the nation is comprehensively embedded—through adab—in people’s lives, animating their “souls”. This was a politics conceived not as a self-standing domain, but as growing out of society, becoming thereby an authentic unity and self-regulating “life”. In developing this vision, ʿAbduh was amplifying pre-modern meanings of adab implying wide breadth of knowledge, good taste, and the virtues, labelled in the paper as ‘comprehensivness,’ ‘consensus’ and ‘habitus.’ Keywords: Muḥammad ʿAbduh, Adab, Freedom, Nation, Politics, Egyp

Apartment Wanted: An array of Egyptian and Tunisian lifeworlds in 2016

Author: Aardal Maren Buvarp
Publication venue: University of Oslo Library
Publication date: 31/12/2021
Field of study

Celebrities: An array of Egyptian and Tunisian lifeworlds in 2016

Author: Hofheinz Albrecht
Publication venue: University of Oslo Library
Publication date: 31/12/2021
Field of study

Clash: ...in Egypt

Author: Chiti Elena
Publication venue: University of Oslo Library
Publication date: 31/12/2021
Field of study

Disappearances: An array of Egyptian and Tunisian lifeworlds in 2016

Author: Guth Stephan
Publication venue: University of Oslo Library
Publication date: 31/12/2021
Field of study

Football: An array of Egyptian and Tunisian lifeworlds in 2016

Author: Rommel Carl
Roellin Jonas
Publication venue: University of Oslo Library
Publication date: 31/12/2021
Field of study

Garbage: An array of Egyptian and Tunisian lifeworlds in 2016

Author: Guth Stephan
Publication venue: University of Oslo Library
Publication date: 31/12/2021
Field of study

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University of Oslo (UiO): FRITT (E-Journals)

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