University of Oslo (UiO): FRITT (E-Journals)
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Den Ene og den Andre : Betraktninger om forskningsbaserte stillbilder av kjønnsforskjeller og andre forskjeller i skolen
No full textI artikkelen setter forfatterne et kritisk søkelys på forskning og politikk der gutter og jenter blir forstått på gruppenivå. Særlig kommer gruppetenkning fram i evidensbasert forskning om kjønnsforskjeller i skolen. Ved å bruke biologiske forskjeller som forklaring, hevdes det at gutter får dårligere karakterer enn jenter, mens jenter opplever mer stress og press enn gutter. Når politikk og praksis forankres i denne typen forskning, kan det bidra til at gutter og jenter fikseres i et statisk enten-eller-forhold. Både variasjoner innad i gruppene og individuelle erfaringer risikerer herved å bli usynlige og ugyldige. Det gjelder også andre forskningsbaserte stillbilder som kun åpner for å ta posisjonen som enten den Ene eller den Andre. Forfatterne eksemplifiserer det med analyser av klasseforskjeller og lærer-elev-forholdet. Med utgangspunkt i Dag Østerbergs klassiske essay Forståelsesformer undersøker forfatterne hva slags forståelser en slik statisk gruppetenkning er basert på. Det tas til orde for å anse gutter og jenter og andre grupper som både forskjellige og like, som personer som deltar sammen i skolen og som lærer av hverandre
NRK-journalist fikk Olafprisen: – Jeg var redd for å gjøre vondt verre
No full textUnder et intervju med en etterlatt, ble NRK-journalist Annemarte Moland selv stilt spørsmål av den hun intervjuet. Det ble begynnelsen på flere års journalistiskarbeid med selvmord i norsk helsevesen
Biosimilar bidding in centralized tenders in Norway
No full textOur objective is to study the competition effect of biosimilar entry in centralized tenders for an expensive category or drugs - TNF-inhibitors. We use monthly observations of prices and volumes for all brands and biosimilars in this drug category in Norway, covering the period from Jan. 2006 to Dec. 2016. Descriptive statistics and regression models are used to investigate the impact of biosimilars on the drug price and the effect of the number of brands on the intensity of competition. Both the entry of biosimilars and new branded drugs have increased competition and reduced prices. According to our estimates, an increase in the market share of biosimilars from 10 % to 60 %, will be accompanied with a 50 % reduction in the expected price. Only two years after entry, the first biosimilars in this drug category had gained a market share of 40 % in Norwegian hospitals. Although entry barriers for biosimilars are higher than for generics of chemical substances, significant cost savings are expected from patent expirations of expensive biologics as well. The centralized design of the tenders is an important institutional factor behind the strong competition effect.
Published: Online January 202
Designing efficient algorithms for querying large corpora
No full textI describe several new efficient algorithms for querying large annotated corpora. The search algorithms as they are implemented in several popular corpus search engines are less than optimal in two respects: regular expression string matching in the lexicon is done in linear time, and regular expressions over corpus positions are evaluated starting in those corpus positions that match the constraints of the initial edges of the corresponding network. To address these shortcomings, I have developed an algorithm for regular expression matching on suffix arrays that allows fast lexicon lookup, and a technique for running finite state automata from edges with lowest corpus counts. The implementation of the lexicon as suffix array also lends itself to an elegant and efficient treatment of multi-valued and set-valued attributes. The described techniques have been implemented in a fully functional corpus management system and are also used in a treebank query system
Fremtidens grafikk – Visuelle stiluttrykk i multimodal klimaformidling
No full textOrganisasjoner, selskaper og institusjoner involverer stadig oftere profesjonelle grafiske designere i sin tekstproduksjon, som skal sørge for at tekstene har et visuelt stiluttrykk som tjener avsenderens interesser. Denne artikkelen benytter et sosialsemiotisk rammeverk influert av kognitiv metaforteori og fenomenologisk filosofi, for å undersøke hvordan form og bevegelse i slike visuelle stiluttrykk brukes i multimodal klimaformidling, og hvordan dette virker inn på framstillingen av klimaendringene. Studiens materiale består av tre digitalt tilgjengelige videoserier, to produsert av Norges rikskringkasting (NRK) og en av Opplysningskontoret for egg og kjøtt, der alle seriene har som formål å formidle påstander om menneskeskapte klimaendringer. Funnene illustrerer hvordan bruken av form og bevegelse knytter samtlige serier til brede ansamlinger av affektivt orienterte meningspotensialer – snarere enn å spisse serienes budskap, har de potensial til å øke grunnlaget for engasjement og gjenkjennelse, og til å assosiere avsender og budskap med ulike presumptivt verdsatte kvaliteter. Implikasjonene av disse funnene drøftes i lys av tidligere forskning i kritisk diskursanalyse, multimodalitet og sakprosa.Organisations, companies and institutions increasingly involve professional graphic designers in their text production practices, whose task it is to imbue texts with visual styles that serve the interests of that organisation, company or institution. This article utilizes a social semiotic framework influenced by cognitive metaphor theory and phenomenological philosophy, in order to explore how shape and movement in such visual styles is used in cases of multimodal climate communication. The material examined consists of three digitally available video-series, two produced by the Norwegian National Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) and one by The Norwegian Egg and Meat Information Office, and all series present claims concerning anthropogenic climate change. The findings illustrate how the use of shape and movement contributes broad collections of affectively oriented meaning potentials – rather than functionalising the texts, they have the potential to increase grounds for engagement and identification, and to associate the texts with various presumptively positive qualities. Implications of these findings are discussed in light of previous research in critical discourse studies and multimodality
Stabile tal for sjølvmord i Noreg
No full textTala for sjølvmord i Noreg er nokså stabile for 2019 i forhold til tidlegare år, ifølgje Ping Qin, professor i medisin ved NSS
Huellas nómadas: Un poema en el bolsillo de Héctor Abad Faciolince
No full textIn 2006 the Colombian writer Héctor Abad Faciolince (1958) achieves an astonishing interna-tional success with El olvido que seremos, a delicate literary tribute to his father killed in 1987 by paramilitary hitmen. Crossing cultures and borders, the book links a family tragedy to the country's political violence, but leaving an open ending while the transitional justice does not give access to the truth. In 2015 Daniela Abad, the daughter of the writer, and Miguel Salazar shoot the documentary Carta a una sombra, partially based on this book. Now the filmic post-memory of a crime against humanity reaches an uncountable and globalized audience, while the writer continues to carry out his personal way of reparation. Travelling between two con-tinents, he finds out the authenticity of the poem by J. L. Borges that his father took with him when he died. In 2009 Héctor Abad Faciolince publishes the result —“Un poema en el bolsillo”— first in the magazine Letras Libres, then in Traiciones de la memoria, a book illustrated with a lot of documents. The verbal-visual combinations of this memory in motion carry new chronotopes, analysed with the Visual Studies approach. In particular, a surviving image of trauma stands out as a proof that every metamorphosis delays the grief process.En 2006 el escritor colombiano Héctor Abad Faciolince (1958) consigue un asombroso éxito internacional con El olvido que seremos, un delicado homenaje literario al padre asesinado en 1987 por sicarios paramilitares. Cruzando culturas y fronteras, el libro enlaza una tragedia familiar con la violencia política del país, pero dejando abierto el final mientras la justicia transicional no dé acceso a la verdad. En 2015 Daniela Abad, hija del escritor, y Miguel Salazar ruedan el documental Carta a una sombra, en parte basado en este libro. Ahora la postmemoria fílmica de un crimen de lesa humanidad alcanza un público innumerable y globalizado, mientras el escritor sigue llevando a cabo su forma de reparación personal. Viajando entre dos continentes, averigua la autenticidad del poema de J. L. Borges que el padre llevaba consigo cuando murió. En 2009 publica el resultado —“Un poema en el bolsillo”— primero en la revista Letras Libres, luego en Traiciones de la memoria, un libro ilustrado con muchos documentos. Las combinaciones verbo-visuales de esta memoria en movimiento aportan nuevos cronotopos, analizados con el planteamiento de los Visual Studies. En particular, destaca una imagen superviviente del trauma como prueba de que cada metamorfosis aplaza el trabajo del duelo
Un médico en la Guerra Civil española: el doctor Pablo Uriel Díez
No full textEn la fase actual de recuperación de la memoria histórica de la Guerra Civil española ha surgido con fuerza el cómic relacionado con este tema tanto en forma de tiras o historietas como en el género de la llamada novela gráfica. En el caso de la trilogía de Sento, es decir Un médico novato (2013), Atrapado en Belchite (2015) y Vencedor y Vencido (2016), se elabora la biografía de un médico no perteneciente ideológicamente al bando nacional que por circunstancias de los acontecimientos históricos tiene que ejercer la medicina en el frente del bando mencionado. La trilogía está basada en una documentación que se incluye parcialmente en los anexos de las novelas mencionadas. En ese sentido cabe la posibilidad de clasificar los textos de Sento como obras gráficas que son ejemplos de la ya amplia literatura de la llamada posmemoria.In the ongoing recovery of the historical memory of the Spanish Civil War, comics addressing the topic have emerged with force, both in the form of comic strips and short stories, and within the genre of the graphic novel. Sento’s trilogy, including Un médico novato (2013), Atrapado en Belchite (2015) and Vencedor y vencido (2016), is a biography of a doctor who, as a consequence of the circumstances of the historical events, has to work at the front of the national bloc despite not belonging to it ideologically. The trilogy is based on documentation which is partially included in the annexes of the novels, and in the testimony of doctor Pablo Uriel. As such, it is possible to categorize Sento’s texts as graphic novels of postmemory
“I call it frost.” Features of scientific social language during inquiry-based learning on the particulate nature of matter
No full textThe particulate nature of matter (PNM) is central to learning science and is a difficult concept for both children and adults. The purpose of this study is to examine how teaching materials from an integrated science and literacy curriculum on the PNM affects communication between pre-service teachers. We were especially interested in examining communication during an activity phase and whether and how participants used PNM models. The interactions between participants were recorded with headcams and analysed using a framework developed by Mortimer and Scott in 2003. The findings revealed that the participants mainly described what they observed directly using scientific words and concepts, but they did not necessarily use PNM models or theoretical knowledge spontaneously. Research indicates that the ability to use knowledge at a theoretical level is key to understanding chemical concepts, so our study underscores the importance of explicitly asking participants to use models and theoretical knowledge