University of Oslo (UiO): FRITT (E-Journals)
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No full textKåre Fuglseth og Thor-Andre Skrefsrud (Red). Innføring i KRLE-didaktikk. Undervisning i religion, livssyn og etikk i et flerkulturelt samfunn IKO-Forlaget, 2021.
Anmeldt av Ragnhild Laird Iversen Stipendiat i religionsdidaktikk, US
Debt Relations in Georgian Bazaars: A Creditors’ Perspective on Risky Engagements
No full textThis article is about practices of borrowing and lending money in the context of Georgian bazaar trade. While many anthropological studies focus on debtors or individual moneylenders, this article starts from the perspective of microcredit experts, who grant loans to traders on behalf of their companies and thereby engage in complex relationships. Borrowing money from a microcredit institution consists of an administrative act, which is sealed by formal procedures such as signing a contract, but the bazaar is a sphere that is, at least partially, structured by informal practices and personal relationships. To make a profit, microcredit experts must play a risky and sometimes existential game. They must decide whether to trust or not to trust a client. In order to assess and minimize risk, they immerse themselves into the world of their clients and rely on social values and moralities. This article describes their strategies and thus gives insights into the nature of debts, obligations, relationships, institutional frameworks, and informal practices in the context of microfinance in the Georgian bazaar trade sector
On Private Views, Luxury and Corruption: Andi Schmied interviewed by Tereza Østbø Kuldova
No full textDespite the iconic nature of the Manhattan skyline, there are only four places the public can see it from and those are the Empire State Building, the Rockefeller Center, ONE World Trade Center and the recently opened EDGE at Hudson Yards. All other elevated views are a private privilege, only available to owners of luxury penthouses. Posing as an apartment-hunting Hungarian billionaire, Andi Schmied accessed and documented the views of over thirty of the city’s most exclusive high-rise properties. Her book, Private Views: A High-Rise Panorama of Manhattan, offers a glimpse into this elite world. Showcasing the surreal strategies of persuasion used by real estate agents, the book allows readers to bypass the gatekeepers of luxury real estate; guiding them through the sunset from Trump Tower, dawn over Central Park from the tallest residential tower on Earth, and showing samples of the most luxurious materials, such as the Siberian marble, used in soaking tubs overlooking the Statue of Liberty. The skyscrapers visited by Schmied were carefully selected due to their representation of a new type of luxury. Those selected for their architectural interest include the MOMA Expansion Tower by Jean Nouvel, Gehry Tower, Jenga Tower, and 432 Park Avenue. Among the buildings visited for political reasons were the Trump Tower or Time Warner Centre, where recently more than a dozen owners have gone to prison, after anonymously buying an apartment through shell companies. For buildings of economic interest, Schmied visited 220 Central Park South, where its penthouse duplex has been sold for a record sales price. Other buildings selected ranged from reconstructed early American skyscrapers to luxury condos (such as the Woolworth Tower Residences, or 70 Pine) and penthouse suites for sale within luxury hotels (such as the Four Seasons, or Ritz Carlton). Schmied’s project is an art and architecture project, but the outcome touches upon various professional fields, such as sociology, economy, urban studies, and anthropology
La hantise du nom: La mémoire et la connaissance de soi dans Le voyage de Chihiro
No full textSpirited Away is a 2001 Japanese animated film directed by Hayao Miyazaki. In this film, the young heroine Chiriro entered an alternative world where she met Haku, the “No Face Man”, and the other characters. The presentation of these characters is constructed by stories of metamorphosis and representations of myths, legends, and folklores from diverse cultural backgrounds. With the metamorphosis of the parents of Chiriro into pigs, and that of the other characters into various forms, we may reflect on questions about identity, memory, and so as the singularity or banality of what constitutes the subject as human being– the principals that formulate the identity of a character – what is the mystery of the memory within oneself by that of another?
Questions about the name and the metamorphosis, these interrogations problematize the maintenance of a veritable “name”, and even the identity of a character. They stimulate numerous reflections on the influences coming from another culture. These influences do not always correspond to a voyage from Occidental to Oriental. Instead of insisting on the opposite categories between the two, this article aims to explore the relationship between memories from the past, the name, and the identity referring to the diversity of transcultural sources that contributes to a transcultural exchange in this film, while reflecting on an allegoric interpretation of the work in different cultural and social contexts. Le voyage de Chihiro est un film d’animation japonais du réalisateur Hayao Miyazaki, sorti en 2001. La jeune héroïne Chihiro a pénétré dans un monde alternatif, et elle a rencontré Haku, Sans-Visage, ainsi que toute une galerie d’autres personnages. La présentation de ces personnages se constitue autour des métamorphoses fantastiques et des représentations des mythes, des légendes, et des folklores, qui témoignent d’une diversité culturelle. Suite à la métamorphose des parents de l’héroïne en porcidés ainsi que d’autres personnages en formes variées, les questions autour de l’identité, de la mémoire, ainsi que la singularité ou la banalité du sujet en tant qu’être humain se posent. Quand la mémoire du passé s’avère le principe primordial de survie – principe qui formule d’une certaine manière l’identité du personnage - quel mystère renferme-t-il donc le souvenir de soi à travers celui de l’autre ?
Ces interrogations sur le nom et la métamorphose problématisent le maintien du nom “véritable”, voire l’identité des personnages. Elles suscitent de nombreuses réflexions sur les influences qui s’exercent en dehors de leurs origines locales. De telles influences ne correspondent pas toujours à un voyage s’effectuant de l’Occident vers l’Orient. Au lieu d’insister sur les catégories opposées entre les deux, cet article explore le rapport entre la mémoire du passé, le nom et l’identité qui font tous référence à une diversité de sources transculturelles et contribuent à un échange transculturel dans cette œuvre, tout en entamant la réflexion sur l’interprétation allégorique de l’œuvre à partir des mondes des différents contextes culturels et sociaux
Introduction
No full textTheoretical background, methodological considertations, and project history.
GOTO
ARRAYS: ʔAlsh | Apartment Wanted | ʿAshwāʾiyyāt | Baby Milk | Celebrities | Clash | Commemoration / Memorial Days | Conversions | Court Trials | Crowdfunding | Dancing | Disappearances | Disasters | Dollar Crisis | Downtown/Centre-ville | Dual Identities / Masking | Éveil d’une nation / Ṣaḥwat umma | Father Figures | Football | Garbage | Gated Communities / Compounds | Hashish | High School Exams | The Honourable Citizen | In Islam, … | Kamīn | Language | LGBT | Manīsh msāmiḥ | Migration | Mobile Phones | The Policeman Criminal | Pop Music | Prison | Psychiatrists | Public Hearings | Red Sea Islands | Self-help | Social Media | Suicide | The Suspect Foreigner | Tourist Resorts | Tricking the System / Tricked by the System | Tuk-tuk | Uber | Valentine’s Day | The Voice from Above | Zaḥma
CODES: Affluence vs. Destitution | Beautiful vs. Ugly | Center vs. Periphery | Freedom vs. Constraint | Hope vs. Hell | Inferiority vs. Superiority | Male vs. Female | Normality vs. Heroism | Past vs. Present | Security vs. Fear | “The System” vs. “The People” | True vs. False | Voice vs. Silence | Young vs. Settled
CODES COLLAPSED: Hope = Hell (Dystopia) | Inferiority = Superiority (Satire) | Normality = Heroism (Surviving) | Present = Past (Stuck) | Security = Fear (Police State) | True = False (Life in Limbo
Standardizing the WHO guidelines of physical activity for children and adolescents and consequences for practice in Norwegian Schools
No full textIn this article the authors discuss the World Health Organization`s (WHO) guidelines for children and adolescents regarding 60 minutes of daily physical activity, and an example on how health-based recommendations are introduced in Norwegian schools though initiatives. The authors, using sociological terms, analyses how phenomenon, such as the lack of physical activity among children and adolescents, are articulated as a social problem and are linked to actions and social groups. Subsequently how these problems and solutions are incorporated in school. The article analyses possible consequences for teaching and for the students when a health-based concept of physical activity is transformed and operationalized in school through the county`s initiative “Active and healthy Kids”. The results shows that the medical health aspect regarding physical activity articulated by WHO, are also linked to cognitive skills and academic performance, and the school’s social mandate. The authors discuss, based on the analyse and results, possible future challenges with incorporating health-based physical activity in subjects in schools.I denne artikkelen tar forfatterne opp til diskusjon Verdens helseorganisasjon (WHO) sin anbefaling for barn og unge om 60 minutter fysisk aktivt daglig, og et eksempel på hvordan denne helsebaserte anbefalingen blir innført som tiltak i norske skoler. Ved hjelp av sosiologiske begreper analyserer forfatterne hvordan fenomener, som for eksempel manglende fysisk aktivitet blant barn og unge, blir formulert som et samfunnsmessig problem og knyttes til handlinger og sosiale grupper. Deretter hvordan slike problemer og løsninger trekkes inn i skolen. Artikkelen analyserer hvilke konsekvenser det kan få for undervisningen og for elevene når det helsebaserte konseptet om fysisk aktivitet blir transformert og operasjonalisert i skolen gjennom det fylkeskommunale eksemplet «Liv og røre». Resultatene viser at det medisinske helseaspektet ved fysisk aktivitet for barn og unge som WHO formidler, også knyttes opp mot kognitive ferdigheter og akademiske prestasjoner og skolens samfunnsmessige mandat. På bakgrunn av analyser og resultater diskuteres mulige fremtidige utfordringer ved at helsebasert fysisk aktivitet får plass i fagene i skolen
Pronominale demonstrativer: nye perspektiver fra norsk og svensk
No full textDenne artikkelen diskuterer pronominale demonstrativer i eldre norsk talespråk og i svensk skriftspråk fra 1800-tallet og moderne tid. Vi viser at pronominale demonstrativer er belagt hos talere født både i Sverige og i ulike deler av Norge på 1800-tallet, men at bruksbetingelsene er noe ulike i de to språkene. Vi viser at han/hon i svensk ikke fungerer som demonstrativer, formelt sett, og antar isteden at de er syntaktisk reduserte pronomen som står høyt oppe i kanten av DP, høyere enn posisjonen for demonstrativer, og dublerer trekk lenger nede i nominalfrasen. I norsk, på den andre siden, ser han/hun ut til å brukes som demonstrativer allerede på 1800-tallet, på samme måte som beskrevet av Johannessen (2008a, b).This paper is concerned with pronominal demonstatives (referred to as psychologically distal demonstratives by Johannessen 2008a, b) in older Norwegian spoken language, and written Swedish from the 19th century and the present-day. We show that pronominal demonstratives can be attested in speakers born in different parts of Norway in the 19th century, and in Swedish texts from the same period. However, the pronominal forms do not seem to be used in precisely the same way in the two languages. In Swedish, han/hon ‘he/she’ do not seem to behave formally like demonstratives. Instead, we propose that they are syntactically reduced pronouns at the edge of the DP, above the position for demonstratives, and that they double features lower down in the noun phrase. In Norwegian, on the other hand, han/hun are used as demonstratives already in the 19th century, in the way described for present-day Norwegian by Johannessen (2008a, b)
An Absence of Time: Remarks on the Temporal Mode of Being in Royal Elamite Inscriptions
No full textThe surviving royal inscriptions from ancient Elam (in the south and southwest of modern Iran) speak of two historical characters who occupy particular positions outside physical time. These are Šilhaha (probably active in the early nineteenth century BC) and Princess Bar-Uli (in the second half of the twelfth century BC). Šilhaha became a prominent figure in Elamite history. His position is known through a legitimizing formula used by several subsequent rulers who claimed to be the ‘son of Šilhaha’s sister’. Thus, Šilhaha became a sempiternal being as his metaphysical existence was necessary for all the future kings who would make such a claim. However, his temporal mode of being changed from sempiternal to omnitemporal when he appeared in a curse formulated in the late twelfth century BC. In this curse, Šilhaha occupies a divine position. To appear in such a position means that his metaphysical existence would become necessary for the future both within and outside physical time. As for B/Par-Uli, she is called the ‘beloved daughter’ and ‘salvation’ of King Šilhak-Inšušinak I (conventionally 1150-1120 BC). Being her father’s ‘salvation’ denotes her role in this world and the hereafter. Moreover, her image, engraved in a mirror-like scene on a chalcedony bead, further emphasises her position and role. Drawing on the terms ‘temporal’, ‘sempiternal’ and ‘omnitemporal’, this paper examines the textual contexts to see how the shift in the temporal modes of being occurred. In the end, the image on the chalcedony bead will be briefly discussed
