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康邸 : 桐城派的一個文學空間
Get PDF乾隆朝永恩襲爵康親王二十餘年間，劉大櫆及其門下弟子與康邸師友僚吏優遊園林，詩文酬唱，盛極一時。康邸成爲前期桐城派的重要文學空間，永恩、徐琰、甘運源、朱孝純等一批康邸文人被列入桐城派，康邸的桐城情結在父子之間傳承延續。以永恩爲代表的一批旗籍文人身份高貴卻清貧勤儉、情趣高雅，與劉大櫆、姚鼐人生理想與處世風格若合符契，讓長期漂泊北京、偃蹇坎坷的劉、姚得到物質上的支持、精神上的鼓勵與身份上的尊重，幫助桐城派在早期艱難發展中找到一條新路。
Liu Dakui 劉大櫆 and his disciples befriended Yong’en 永恩, Prince Kang and his fellows in the latter’s twenty years of holding the hereditary title during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of Qing. They held various literary activities in Prince Kang’s Mansion which became literary space for the early stage of the Tongcheng School 桐城派.Men of letters associated to Prince Kang’s Mansion such as Yong’en, Xu Yan 徐琰, Gan Yunyan 甘運源, Zhu Xiaochun 朱孝純 were also considered members of the Tongcheng School, and the bond passed down to its next generation. Yong’en was a representative of the Manchurian bannermen of nobility whose intended frugal life of elegance and the arts echoed Liu Dakui’s and Yao Nai’s 姚鼐 ideal way of life. Yong’en’s material and spiritual supports not only endowed Liu and Yao sojourning in Beijing with respect but also helped the Tongcheng School find a new path amidst early difficulties
中國古代音樂文學的創作模式
Get PDF中國古代音樂文學的創作模式主要有“以樂從辭”“選辭配樂”“由樂定辭”三種。“以樂從辭”的創作機理是“聲依永，律和聲”，這與“由樂定辭”的創作機理正好相反，“由樂定辭”的創作機理乃是“永依聲”。“選辭配樂”的創作機理是選既成之辭配入既成之曲，既有對辭的“拼湊分割”，亦有對曲的“填實虚聲”。“元狩、元鼎”與“開元、天寶”是三種創作模式轉折的兩個關鍵的時間節點，伴隨創作模式之變更，辭樂關係也隨之發生一定的微妙變動。
Yi yue cong ci 以樂從辭 (lit., to compose the melody according to the lyrics), xuan ci pei yue 選辭配樂 (lit., to select an existing lyrics to match an existing melody), and you yue ding ci 由樂定辭 (lit., to write the lyrics according to the melody) are the three major creative modes of classical Chinese musical literature. Yi yue cong ci’s mechanism is sheng yi yong, lü he sheng 聲依永, 律和聲 (the sound relies on the singing, and pitch-pipes harmonize sound), while you yue ding ci’s mechanism is the opposite yong yi sheng 永依聲 (the singing relies on the sound). Xuan ci pei yue’s mechanism features two methods of (1) cutting and piecing the lyrics and (2) matching a bstract sounds with lyrics. The Yuanshou 元狩 and Yuanding 元鼎 eras of the Han dynasty (122 - 117 BCE) and the Kaiyuan 開元 and Tianbao 天寶 eras of the Tang dynasty (713 - 756 CE) are two critical times when the three creative modes of Chinese musical literature underwent changes that added subtle complications to the melody-lyrics relationship
以夏變夷 : 晚明“天下全圖”的域外知識來源與製圖觀
Get PDF曹君義《天下九邊分野人跡路程全圖》爲晚明出現的一種複合型“世界地圖”，它以變形南、北美洲大陸爲海島的繪圖方式爲特徵，雖吸收部分西學地理内容，但該圖並非受利瑪竇地圖直接影響。本文通過比對圖中美、歐、非洲的圖像特徵與文字内容，認爲其參考自傳教士艾儒略的《萬國全圖》，而另一種以諸多小島表現域外國家的製圖方式（如梁輈《乾坤萬國全圖古今人物事跡》），則受利瑪竇地圖影響。因此，依照域外知識來源，可將明清流傳的含有職方國與《山海經》神話之國的世界地圖分爲三類：九邊型全圖、四海五洲型全圖、四海島夷型全圖。這些結合中西地理知識、帶有想象色彩的早期世界地圖，反映了晚明地理製圖由關注“九邊”到“以夏變夷”的一種觀念變化。
Cao Junyi’s 曹君義 Tianxia jiubian fenye renji lucheng quantu 天下九邊分野人跡路程全圖 (Complete Map of the Allotted Fields, Human Traces, and Routes within and without the Nine Borders under Heaven) is a composite “world map” in the late Ming dynasty. This map followed Chinese cartographic tradition to place China in the center and represented Southern and Northern Americas as islands. Although it absorbed some knowledge about Western geography, it was not directly influenced by the map made by Matteo Ricci. This article provides comparisons of the map’s visual representations and texts about Americas, Europe, and Africa, and concludes that its major source of knowledge about the foreign was Jesuit missionary Giulio Aleni’s Wanguo quantu 萬國全圖 (Complete map of All Countries), whereas the method of representing foreign countries as small islands (such as in Liang Zhou’s 梁輈 Qiankun wangguo quantu gu jin renwu shiji 乾坤萬國全圖古今人物事跡 [The Map of the Astronomical Correspondence of the Nine Regions with a Record of Human Affairs from the Past to the Present]) was an influence from Ricci’s map. Therefore, according to the source of the knowledge about the foreign, the world maps with foreign nations and mythological states in Shan hai jing 山海經 (Classics of Mountains and Seas) widely circulated in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties can be categorized into three types: nonagon maps, four-oceans-and-five-continents maps, and four-oceans-and-islands maps. These early world maps show a combination of Chinese and Western geographic knowledge and imagination of the world and reflect a shift of cartographic focus from the nonagon to the Hua-Yi order
Essays on the effects of mergers on competition
Get PDFMergers enable firms to internalize pricing externalities among competitors, hence raising market power and reducing social welfare. Mergers, on the other hand, can create merger-specific efficiencies and hence promote welfare. This thesis investigates the competitive effects of both horizontal and vertical mergers, motivated by this trade-off. It consists of two chapters. Chapter 2 sheds light on the competitive effects of killer acquisitions by extending the theoretical model of Cunningham et al. (2021). It examines how an acquiring firm\u27s post-acquisition divestiture incentive is affected by the nature of competition, how the divestiture strategy impacts the likelihood of killer acquisitions, and what policy remedies are effective for merger control. The result shows that when firms compete in quantities and product similarity is sufficiently high, the acquiring firm strategically chooses to produce the newly acquired product under a separate subsidiary. With the extra divestiture option, the killing zone becomes smaller and the parameter region for genuine acquisition is larger. Unless the development cost is sufficiently high, killer acquisitions unambiguously reduce consumer welfare and social welfare. To mitigate the anti-competitiveness of killer acquisitions, Chapter 2 proposes two divestiture-related policy remedies: Commit-to-divest remedy and Committo-develop-and-divest remedy. It shows that the two remedies are effective in merger control when the development cost is not too high. In particular, the Commit-to-develop-and-divest remedy totally prohibits the emergence of killer acquisitions and increases consumer welfare. Chapter 3 discusses the competitive effects of vertical mergers. It studies whether a partial vertical merger results in market foreclosure, and how the integrating firm\u27 foreclosure strategy affects consumer welfare, in a successive duopoly setting. The result suggests that the magnitude of partial ownership shares has a significant impact on the integrated firm\u27s incentive in foreclosing competitors. The integrated upstream firm, in particular, chooses input foreclosure if and only if the ownership stake is sufficiently high, and the integrated downstream firm executes customer foreclosure if and only if the ownership stake is intermediate. Furthermore, consumer welfare is maximized when the ownership share is intermediate
Corporate social responsibility and operating performance in life and health insurance market : evidence from China
Get PDFExtant literature is equivocal on whether and how corporate social responsivity (CSR) activities affect corporates’ performance. To the best of our knowledge, a very limited number of research investigates CSR-performance relationship in insurance and even no research examines this relationship in China’s life and health (LH) insurance market. China LH insurance market has been the world’s second biggest LH insurance market albeit receiving limited attention in academia. We innovatively use two measurements of philanthropic activities as proxy for positive CSR performance. Alternatively, we use administrative penalties received from the provincial regulators as a proxy for the negative shock on the insurers. Our sample period is 2010 to 2018. We provide robust empirical evidence that firm CSR performance is positively correlated to the LH insurers’ corporate operating performance (COP). Specifically, we find insurers’ premiums written are positively related to firm philanthropic activities but negatively related to the administrative penalties. Moreover, insurers’ lapse ratios are negatively related to firm philanthropic activities but positively related to the administrative penalties. We further find that the CSR-COP relationship is moderated by both firm-characteristic factors and provincial-level macroeconomic factors. The Firm-specific factors are the insurer ownership structure, the business diversification index, and the market competition magnitude, while the provincial-level macroeconomic factors are the local education level, the provincial GDP growth rate, the urbanization level, and the severity of local pollution
Experimental studies on prosocial, divisive and discriminatory behavior
Get PDFMy PhD thesis contains three experiments: two of them studying prosocial and divisive behavior, guided by Tirole’s (2021) models, and the third studying discriminatory behavior. The first study investigates how people\u27s prosociality changes as public spheres expand. Utilizing the advancement of information technologies, states have begun to introduce social scores to rate and publicize some behaviors in social interactions. With social scores, social interactions are thus divided into a public sphere, which is publicly observable, and a private sphere, which is not. Guided by Tirole’s (2021) model, we experimentally investigate whether social scores promote cooperation in a population with repeated, randomly-matched, pair-wise interactions. We find that in the presence of social scores, the subjects contributed more in the public sphere but less in the private sphere. Besides, with an expansion of the public sphere, the subjects reduced contribution intensity in both public and private spheres, after we controlled for reciprocity. Nevertheless, reciprocity induced positive feedback under a large public sphere, and consequently, an expansion in the public sphere led to more contributions.
The second study investigates divisive behavior, for which agents do not reach a consensus on the proper way to act, and to what extent the behaviors deviate from an agent’s authentic self when the behaviors are private/transparent. Privacy in this study means that an agent can freely select to whom to disclose behavior and costlessly hide behavior to others. In contrast, an agent’s behavior under transparency is always publicly observable. Tirole’s (2021) model predicts that the agent under privacy discloses her behavior to those who choose the same action as she does, but not to anybody else. This creates a “safe space”, and the moderates have to take sides. Behavior is thus not authentic. On the contrary, a transparent environment better promotes authenticity. We design an experiment to test his predictions. Subjects were asked to show their attitudes toward some news articles and nonprofit funds. A disinterested dictator game (DDG) follows to elicit the subjects’ image concerns. We find that subjects with privacy acted more frequently than those in the control group without the DDG. The subjects with transparency by contrast showed similar acting frequency as those in the control group. The results largely support Tirole’s predictions.
The third study examines whether hostility toward immigrants’ home countries spreads to immigrants. To provide empirical evidence for this question, we conducted a survey experiment and collected 1212 valid responses. Respondents were asked to read a news vignette about China expanding its nuclear weapons and told the vignette was taken from either mainstream or non-mainstream news outlet. A control group reading no news was also included. In what follows, a list experiment was employed to measure the attitudes toward Chinese immigrants. Our experiment finds the conservatives were encouraged to openly express discrimination against Chinese immigrants, especially those who were told the vignette was taken from a non-mainstream source and reported low trust in mainstream media
“Fake masks”: a reflection on the reception of African arts in China
No full textChinese collectors, scholars and museum curators are showing growing interest in African artistic works in an era of a closer Sino-Africa relationship. This essay is initially sparked by Taiwanese artist Chihying’s exhibit “I’ll be back” (UCCA Beijing, 2018), in which the artist inquires the circulation and reception of African arts in China under a changing geopolitical landscape. Through an analysis of Chihying’s project and a historical examination of the long-debated issue of “authenticity” in twentieth century African art history, this presentation suggests some cautionary notes for African arts exhibitions in China, most of which remain unconscious of the problematic history and unequal power relationships behind descriptive terms such as “traditional”, “tribal”, “mysterious” and “primitive” when introducing African arts and cultures, and thus might fail to challenge the long existing culture hegemony around African arts
The Book of Poetry : Zhou dynastic building
Get PDF“Woven” like many of the Da ya (Greater Odes) sings of two of the heroes who laid the groundwork for their grandson and son to overcome the Shang and establish the Zhou dynasty. The text lends itself to memorization and may have been part of early court ritual as our own Star-Spangled Banner celebrates an event in the early history of our country
The Book of Poetry and Diplomacy : Who is the barbarian?
Get PDFThis episode discusses how a “barbarian” chief gains diplomatic advantages by reciting an ode now included in Shijing. The recitation both asserts and effaces differences between “Chinese” and “barbarian” states. It seeks to redefine the past and argues for equality and amity between Jin and the Rong
香港戲曲概述 2020
Get PDF《香港戲曲概述2019》及《香港戲曲概述2020》是由香港藝術發展局資助的項目，出版目標旨在「呈現及記錄個別藝術範疇在年內的重要議題、現象和變化」。香港藝術發展局資助的年度概述，在表演藝術範疇還包括音樂、舞蹈、劇場。
為此，我們以「回顧」及「專題」為重心策劃年度概述的內容，既要收錄香港戲曲重要的現象、事件，提供扼要年度概覽；也要帶出一些業界關注、或對行業別具意義的課題，引領讀者進入當中討論，從而前瞻行業未來；還要將外在環境變化與這些課題結合，提供實在的社會文化脈胳，讓讀者理解這些課題的時代意義。
兩部概述的「回顧」部分，卷首彙集年度內香江梨園的重要事件，除了舞台上重要、新編的製作、傳播媒介（電視、電影、書籍等）相關出品，以及影響業界生計、營運模式的重要事件，亦一併收錄，讓讀者掌握繁花舞榭、歌台曲韻背後的脈膊。而「專題」部分，編輯組則選取香港戲曲業界的重要課題，包括「神功戲/儀式習俗」、「粵劇音樂/中國音樂」、「坊間戲曲培訓/推廣」、「節目策劃」、「專著出版」以及「表演場地」。
這些文章全都呼應2019及2020年業界實況，例如陳子晉及彭斯筵分別從年度內舉辦的音樂及舞台節目出發，以西九戲曲中心開幕為焦點，展開討論（〈重訪粵劇音樂四種〉、〈戲曲中心的前世今生〉）。陳苡霖則從書籍及技術傳承兩方面著手，分別羅列、述介2019年內與戲曲相關的眾多專著出版，以及審視坊間諸多團體為培育戲曲新秀的付出，反映社會上個人、團體從不同方位促進行業成長及發展。部分文章更在該研究領域提出創見，如林萬儀的〈「非遺」保護策略：COVID-19前後的香港神功戲〉，便細緻釐清「神功戲」的意涵，對了解此項具悠久歷史的儀式習俗極具意義。
2019、2020年，有曰世界經歷「百年未有之大變局」，業界值此期間的努力、奮鬥，正是「千磨萬擊還堅勁，任爾東西南北風」，亦是兩部概述作為年度紀錄意義之所在。https://commons.ln.edu.hk/ccrd_xiqubook/1002/thumbnail.jp