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Examining the intentions to seek postgraduate education (professional degree) amongst university students in China : the moderating role of Chinese social network
Get PDFBackground: In 2020, the Degree Committee of the State Council collaborated with the Ministry of Education in advocating the policy of ‘Postgraduate education of professional degree development plan (2020–2025), to continuously increase postgraduate education (professional degree) enrolment. Policy implementations by the Chinese government on the development of postgraduate educations how that many efforts and inputs have been made previously on the professional degree of the Chinese government (e.g., reducing the corresponding quota number of 5%–10% of academic degree and providing near 1.2 trillion RMB for the development of professional degrees).However, the results of expansion on professional postgraduate degrees have not been as ideal as expected. Typically, policy initiatives in 2010 advocated for a 50% increase in the proportion of professional degrees in total postgraduate education in 2015, whereas data from 2015 revealed that the proportion of professional degrees was only near to 44%.
Aims and objectives of the study: The present study focuses on students’ intention. Most of the literature have suggested studying students’ intention based on the theory of planned behaviour, and few have adopted students’ perceived quality of service, perceived value and their own social network on studying Chinese students’ intention. The present study aims to fill this research gap by examining Chinese students’ intention to seek postgraduate education (professional degree) via the lens of consumer behaviour and social network theory. Theoretical examinations provide practical implications for the Chinese government in formulating policies for Chinese postgraduate education (professional degree).
Methods: This study considers students as consumers, and institutions/universities as higher education service providers. It adopts a quantitative method to examine whether Chinese students’ intention to seek postgraduate education (professional degree) can be measured based on their perceived quality of service, perceived value and social network. A total of 459 valid samples were collected from junior and senior students studying and living in Guangzhou University Town (Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre) in early 2021 using convenience sampling. Confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson correlation, multiple linear regression and hierarchical linear regression were also used.
Findings: Empirical results revealed a significantly direct role of students’ perceived quality of service(B = 0.679, p\u3c 0.01) on students’ perceived value; a significantly indirect role of students’ perceived quality of service(insignificantly direct role: B = 0.017,p\u3e0.05) on students’ intention via the mediation of students’ perceived value (B = 0.175, p\u3c 0.01);a significantly direct role of students’ perceived value (B = 0.258, p\u3c 0.05) on students’ intention; and a significantly moderating role of the social network on the association between students’ perceived value with students’ intention (B =0.153, p\u3c 0.05).
Discussion and conclusion: Results of the study address the research gaps concerning the indirect role of students’ perceived quality of service, the direct role of students’ perceived value and the moderating role of social network on students’ intention to seek professional postgraduate education in China. In practice, this study suggests that the Chinese government should improve the perceived value of professional postgraduate degrees in the society by regularly releasing the industrial surveys to the public by cooperating with industries, providing collaborative training with enterprises, deigning and effectively utilizing funding incentives and implementing a series of effective policy initiatives
Integrating personality, situational ethical cues and proactive ethical behaviors : implications for work performance and well-being
Get PDFOrganizations and society can receive multiple benefits from employees’ ethical conduct. Business ethics is primarily studied from a reactive perspective, such as considering how people react to situational cues about ethics through engaging in ethical or unethical behaviors. Previous theoretical and empirical evidence suggested the importance of exploring the role of personality on work behavior and performance. Based on theories of personality psychology, this study takes an active, forward-looking approach by examining how individuals’ proactive personality and conscientiousness relate to a set of proactive ethical behaviors, and how those in turn affect individuals’ performance and well-being. Integrating with the trait activation theory, this study also examines the moderation effect of four situational ethical cues at task, social, and organizational levels— moral dirtiness of the work, leader’s moral identity and bottom-line mentality, and perceived organizational support on strengthening or attenuating the relationship between individuals’ proactive personality and conscientiousness and proactive ethical behaviors.
To achieve these research objectives, two studies were conducted. Study 1 developed and validated two specific proactive ethical behaviors, namely ethical innovation (EI) and ethical climate shaping (ECS) through multiple phases, such as item generation and reduction, content validity test, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and convergent and discriminant validity tests using separate samples. Together, these tests provided evidence of the psychometric soundness of two scales for assessing employees’ proactive ethical behaviors. Study 2 tested the hypothesized model using multi-wave and multi-source data. The results revealed that individuals with high proactive personality and conscientiousness tend to proactively engage in more ethical behaviors that go beyond theirformal job requirements, such as ethical innovation and ethical climate shaping, which in turn predicted their subsequent work performance and well-being. Regarding the moderation effects, leader’s moral identity and perceived organizational support positively enhance the possibilities of employees\u27 engagement in ethical behaviors, while the results didn’t support the moderation effects of moral dirtiness of work and the leader’s bottomline mentality.
Overall, the findings contribute to the literature on business ethics and personality psychology by highlighting the importance of both personality traits and situational ethical cues in predicting proactive ethical behaviors and their consequences. This study also has practical and managerial implications for organizations that seek to promote ethical conduct among their employees by recognizing the individual and situational factors that influence it
Game-theoretic analysis of financing problems in online operations
Get PDFCollaboration between banks and online platforms for financial services can help small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) transform their actual transaction data into E-commerce credit, o§ering innovative solutions to their financing challenges. We consider an online system involving a bank, a platform, and a retailer who serves price-sensitive customers on the platform. The retailer receives a loan from the bank and pays a loan interest which is shared by the bank and the platform according to their negotiated allocation ratio. We examine two categories of scenarios to identify the optimal decisions and profit levels for the three firms involved in the system.
In Category 1, the platform imposes a commission fee on the retailer, who subsequently makes a retail pricing decision. We analyze four di§erent scenarios in accordance with (i) whether the interest rate and commission fee rate are determined simultaneously or sequentially and (ii) whether the platform independently makes the commission fee rate decision or bargains over the rate with the retailer. Our findings indicate that partnering with a relatively small bank can benefit the platform the most, whereas the bank can gain the highest profit from cooperating with a platform with similar market power. When the bank and the platform have equal power, the retailer can enjoy the highest profit. Moreover, the retailer’s and the bank’s profits are highest if the bank and the platform play the simultaneous-move game in which the platform and the retailer negotiate the commission fee rate. Although an increase in the platform’s referral fee rate decreases the retail price, the interest rate, and the interest allocation to the platform, it can raise the platform’s and the bank’s profits.
Within the second category, we follow the common practice of bargaining over the interest allocation ratio between the bank and the platform in the first stage as a precondition for cooperation. We also examine the scenarios wherein the bank determines the interest rate before negotiating interest allocation with the platform. Our comparison analysis reveals a counter-intuitive finding wherein the bank and the platform can achieve greater profitability through interest allocation negotiations following the interest rate determination
The impact of parental involvement in school readiness on first-grade students\u27 learning style and cognitive development in Shenzhen, China
Get PDFIn recent years, children’s school readiness has become a hot spot in child development research. Cognitive development and learning style are critical to children’s growth and development. Further research on this topic can help parents participate in their children’s admission preparation and aid in the early recognition and timely intervention of children facing potential risks.
Guided by Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory, this qualitative study used the socioeconomic profile data of 24 parent participants to understand how their participation in their children’s school readiness affects these children’s cognition and learning style after entering the first grade in public, private, and international primary schools in Shenzhen, China. By doing so, this study contributes to the literature on the school readiness involvement of parents with preschool children. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to analyze the above parental behaviors and their influencing factors, to develop practical strategies that positively impact children’s cognitive development and learning styles, and to formulate positive intervention strategies that reduce inequalities in their school readiness.
Results show that parental involvement in school readiness is critical to children’s cognitive development and learning styles. However, the way of parental involvement varies across different types of schools. Parents’ active involvement in different dimensions of their children’s cognitive development can help improve their children’s cognitive development and learning style as they enter first grade. Previous research shows that parents’ lack of understanding of their children’s cognitive development and learning styles compromises their involvement in their children’s school readiness (Liu & Wu, 2018). SES is the main factor influencing parents’ participation in their children’s school readiness. Other influencing factors include stability of family income, level of education, occupation of parents, quality of family caregivers, and adequacy of human resources (McLoyd, 1998).
Parents’ arrangement of their children’s extracurricular time also determines the latter’s cognitive development and learning style after entering first grade. For example, playing mobile games has a significant negative impact on children’s learning styles (Chen, 2009). Parents need to control their children’s use of mobile phones to help them adapt to their academic demands. Parent’s involvement may also exert different effects on their children’s academic performance. Given that parents generally lack an understanding of their children’s school readiness, kindergartens and primary schools should guide them in formulating scientific and educational theories and improve their awareness of school readiness. Governments should also support those parents who are unable to participate in their children’s school readiness due to various restrictions in order for their children to meet the basic requirements of school readiness and to adjust to their academic life.
The significance of this study lies in its use of semi-structured interviews with people of different backgrounds. Findings from these interviews can offer parents with practical guidance in involving themselves in their children’s school readiness. These findings also benefit educators and parents by improving their understanding of the focus of school readiness. Governments are encouraged to adopt various policies and measures to mobilize parents’ enthusiasm for school readiness and to realize a smooth transition from kindergarten to primary school. They should also support single-parent and multi-children households, actively participate in children’s educational activities, improve the confidence of multi-children families in their ’children’s education with an open and accepting attitude, prepare children for school, and prevent intergenerational poverty
Students\u27 attitudes on online and face-to-face learning during COVID-19 : a qualitative study
Get PDFThe purpose of this dissertation is to explore Lingnan University students’ attitudes on online and face-to-face learning during COVID-19. In early 2020, the sudden spread of the COVID-19 pandemic continued across the world and the epidemic had a profound impact on the teaching and learning. In order to reduce potential communication risks, universities have adopted the method of online learning to carry out learning task instead of face-to-face learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.
From the perspective of students, this dissertation explores students’ attitudes on online and face-to-face learning during COVID-19 based on the Community of Inquiry Framework. The participants of this study are the fulltime students who studying at Lingnan University from 2020 to 2023. The research question of this dissertation is what are Lingnan University students’ attitudes towards online and face-to-face learning during COVID-19 based on the Community of Inquiry Framework. This dissertation adopts the Community of Inquiry Framework as a theoretical framework to analyze the different attitudes of students in different learning modes of online and face to face learning. Based on the Community of Inquiry theory and the thematic analysis, this study uses the Community of Inquiry Coding Template to analyze the data. Methodologically, this research applies 5 one-on-one in-depth interviews with students and 2 focus groups with 10 students. Through a qualitative analysis, this research finds that the students’ attitudes towards online and face-to-face learning are mainly reflected from five aspects. They are: 1). basic qualities of teachers, 2). instructional design, 3). instructional resources, 4). interaction between teachers and students, and 5). instructional mode. The implications of this research inform educational policies, pedagogy, and teaching and learning practice in higher education in Hong Kong. It also contributes to the improvement of students’ effectiveness of learning. This research asserts that online learning facilitates the advancement of digital education in higher education. At the same time, digital education sets higher benchmarks and expectations for universities and instructors
Spirit and philosophy in permaculture and community building in Asia
No full textModerator: LEUNG Yuk Ming Lisa (Lingnan University, Hong Kong, China)
Speakers: Jon JANDAI (Pun Pun Farm, Thailand) Iskandar WAWORUNTU (Bumi Langit Institute, Indonesia) Pallavi VARMA PATIL (Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and Environment, India) Ananeza ABAN (University of the Philippines, the Philippines) CHOW Sze Chung (Sangwoodgoon, Hong Kong, China
類書引録《世説新語》及其書籍史意義探考
Get PDF在南宋紹興八年（1138）董弅嚴州校勘本面世之前，《世説新語》主要以抄本形式流播。抄本時代《世説新語》文本的樣貌，在南宋之前的典籍徵引文獻中可以略窺一斑，類書對《世説新語》的引録，尤爲豐富和重要。由於類書的實用性和編纂時特殊的“次引”現象，導致了單行本變化後類書引録依然保持著穩定的形態，並更多地被文人所使用，從而成爲通向早期《世説新語》文本的獨特窗口，足以窺見定本時代之前《世説新語》文本的多樣性和豐富性，在文獻價值上有不可替代的意義。
A New Account of Tales of the World had been circulated as handwritten manuscripts before Dong Fen’s Yanzhou collation appeared in 1138, the eighth year of the Shaoxing era in the Southern Song dynasty. Its condition before Dong’s Yanzhou collation can be observed through the citations in classical documents before the Southern Song dynasty, which were especially rich and significant in classical encyclopedias. Their practicality and their special phenomenon of ciyin 次引 (secondary citation) in the process of compilation resulted in stable citations of the handwritten manuscripts which continued to be used by scholars even after A New Account of Tales of the World appeared as an individual edition. These citations are irreplaceable philological materials that have become a window toward A New Account of Tales of the World’s diversity and richness in the earlier handwritten format
魏晋士人“樂喪”考論
Get PDF《世説·任誕篇》載桓子野、袁山松、張湛等好挽歌，劉孝標注引《譙子法訓》，謂樂喪非古制，而孝標疑未能決。譙周之説是。《樂記》所謂“樂者樂也”，表現以安樂之聲爲正的雅樂觀念，在制度上與此相應的是凶禮不用樂，因此在正禮上不存在樂喪。春秋以降，正禮漸衰，樂喪作爲俗禮興於民間，在此推動下，至漢武朝定爲官禮，古制遂廢。與此同時，雅樂衰而新聲興，尚悲之風行於上下，雅樂觀念逐漸被打破。在此趣味中，挽歌漸與喪禮相分，成爲表現哀情的形式，一方面是挽詩的産生，另一方面就是魏晋士人的“樂喪”。而漢末以來，世極迍邅，魏晋士人於深情之外，又别有一種感傷氣質，乃承春秋以來尚悲之風，將其憂生之嗟，一寓於挽歌。劉義慶録其事於“任誕”之門，以名士風流視之，則不免以“樂喪”爲曠達，僅得其迹耳。魏晋“樂喪”之風緣於雅樂觀念的突破，對於以悲爲美的文學傳統的形成也是有推進之功的。
In the “Free and Unrestrained” chapter of A New Account of Tales of the World, there is a record about Huang Ziye 桓子野, Yuan Shansong 袁山松, and Zhang Zhan 張湛 who were interested in elegies. In his annotation of Qiaozi faxun 譙子法訓 (The Principles of Qiaozi), Liu Xiaobiao 劉孝標 doubts Qiao Zhou’s 譙周 assertion and notes elegiac funerals were not part of the ancient institution. The “Record of Music” of Book of Rites notes “the term ‘music’ is derived from the word ‘joy,’” which expresses the concept of yayue 雅樂 (elegant music) that confirms the legitimacy of the sounds of peace and happiness. In contrast in the institution, inauspicious rites did not feature any music. Therefore, elegiac funerals were not part of orthodox rites. Orthodox rites gradually had been in the decline since the Spring and Autumn period. Elegiac funerals became favored in folk rituals insofar as it was institutionalized during Emperor Wu’s reign in the Han dynasty, whereas the ancient rituals were abolished. With the decline of elegant music and the rise of xinsheng 新聲 (new sounds) and the prevalent preference for music that inspired sadness, the concept of elegant music was abandoned. In this process, elegies were separated from funerals and became a musical form for the expression of sorrow, resulting in the creation of elegiac poetry and the yuesang 樂喪 (funerals with music) in the Wei and Jin dynasties. The social turmoil in the late Han dynasty also lent Wei and Jin scholars’ elegies a sentimental note which they also inherited from the prevalent preference for music that inspired sadness in the Spring and Autumn period. Liu Yiqing 劉義慶 categorized these stories under the “Free and Unrestrained” chapter and superficially considered funerals with music only as an unconventional fashion. The prevalence of funerals with music in the Wei and Jin dynasties originated in the break from elegant music and contributed to the formation of a literary aesthetic that inspired sadness
長者健康理財素養全攻略 : 智醒篇
Get PDF此書冊為一本供長者自學使用的參考書，內容涵蓋消費教育單元的教學內容，從知識、態度及行為入手解構日常消費基本知識、規劃你需要的服務及合約及醫療消費及陷阱防範的要點。https://commons.ln.edu.hk/lujchfep/1004/thumbnail.jp
Optimism about philosophical progress, a historical case study
Get PDFIn this thesis I defend optimism about philosophical progress, which is a form of anti-exceptionalism about philosophy. Pessimists maintain that philosophy lacks the distinctive features that make science progressive. Optimism maintains that philosophy is like science, in this respect. My argumentative strategy is the following. I review the literature on philosophical progress to identify the feature that, according to pessimists, philosophy lacks. Then, I develop a historical case study to show that philosophy has these features. The goal is showing that philosophy makes progress by pessimistic standards.
My strategy is novel because other optimists, including Stoljar and Dellsén, Firing, and Norton, focus on arguing that a certain set of conditions are sufficient for progress, contrary to what pessimists hold. I focus instead on arguing that, contrary to what pessimists hold, philosophy makes progress by their standards. The most common pessimistic argument is the following: first, pessimists argue that consensus is a necessary condition for progress, second, they argue that philosophy is pervaded by disagreement. It follows that philosophy is exceptional. Beebee, Chalmers, Dietrich, Goldberg, and Kornblith employ various versions of this reasoning. Optimistic responses to this argument typically grant the second premise and challenge the first. Instead, I follow Williamson in granting the first premise and challenging the second.
My case study focuses on the work of Gottlob Frege, who is widely regarded as one of the founding fathers of analytic philosophy. I argue that there is consensus in contemporary philosophy about some of the views that Frege set forth. In fact, Frege’s case meets not only the pessimistic requirements for progress, Frege also produced all the epistemic goods that are associated to progress by participants in the more general debate about scientific progress. To show this, I review the literature about scientific progress, following Rowbottom’s analysis. Then I analyse various aspects of Frege’s work to show that it meets all the known conditions of progress. Thus, no matter what view about progress is correct, Frege made progress.
Having argued that Frege made progress, I generalize my argument by considering three other authors that arguably made progress in the past. Moreover, I consider contemporary debates in contemporary philosophy to argue that philosophy continues to make progress to this day. Finally, I review some of the barriers to progress that seem indeed to be holding back philosophy, and other disciplines. Philosophy made progress in the past and continues to make progress to this day. But not all is good. Having ruled out pessimism about philosophical progress, we are in a better position to see how philosophy, and other disciplines, could be improved