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Lingnan Gardeners Newsletter (No. 66) = 彩園通訊 (第66期)
Get PDFhttps://commons.ln.edu.hk/ln_gardeners_newsletter/1066/thumbnail.jp
Lingnan Gardeners Newsletter (No. 65) = 彩園通訊 (第65期)
Get PDFhttps://commons.ln.edu.hk/ln_gardeners_newsletter/1065/thumbnail.jp
A case study of China’s aid delivery conditions for poverty alleviation in Guinea
No full textA substantial part of the discussions regarding traditional donors as well as (re)emerging donors like China have also focused on the issue of conditionalities attached to aid and the extent to which those conditions address poverty alleviation. From the 1980s onwards, traditional donors began imposing conditions in order to guarantee the effectiveness of their aid. China, however, adopted a no strings attached policy much earlier in 1960. By adopting this policy, China implies that it does not impose any conditions on its recipients. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the discrepancy between the principles stated in China’s aid policy documents and the practices of its aid in its partner countries. Furthermore, the study examined China’s aid delivery conditions and those of Guinea’s traditional partners, primarily France. As a result, both donors; conditionalities were examined in relation to their focus on poverty reduction. Based on the findings of this study, China\u27s assistance is subject to some hidden conditions. It is evident that there is a discrepancy between what China claims and stands for and how its aid is actually implemented. Despite France adhering to the OECD/DAC declaration to enhance local ownership, the findings indicate that some old generations of conditionalities (political and economic) remain associated with France\u27s aid delivery. Furthermore, the finding indicates that both China and France’s aid conditions are concerned with reducing poverty. There are however differences in the way poverty reduction is explicitly (France) or implicitly (China) incorporated into the conditionality
Affective journeys in transatlantic slavery heritage : an auto-ethnographic study in Liverpool
No full textThis study draws upon non-representational theory and affective atmosphere to explore how two researcher-tourists affectively confront the slavery discourses of Liverpool. A performative auto- ethnography was conducted to exhibit the process of how complex and embodied feelings emerged in this understudied slavery space. The findings suggest affective encounters in slavery spaces represent a highly nuanced, intricate and personalised assemblage of sensing and feeling, shaped by uncertain, shifting and multiplicity of affective atmospheres co-constructed under the interplay between individuals, their encountered objects and bodies. Our reflections further unveil how visitors’ personal characteristics (identity, cultural values and understanding of Humanism) conflict with slavery discourses, and together shape their memorable journey. This study extends debates on human affect and embodiment in tourism scholarship by providing a cross-cultural and more-than-representational lens. The findings advance the human-centered approach in experience design which should privilege visitors’ personal characteristics and their embodied and deeper affective experiences
Knowledge transfer in the global south : re-using or creating knowledge in China’s Special Economic Zones in Ethiopia and Cambodia?
No full textChinese special economic zones (SEZs) have played a key role in attracting Chinese overseas investment and in facilitating knowledge and technology transfer to local companies. This explains the mushrooming of Chinese-led SEZs and industrial parks in parts of Southeast Asia and Africa since the early 2000s, and more recently its prominence in the planning of the economic corridors along the Belt and Road Initiative. Our interest in SEZs derives from the fact that they provide novel grounds to investigate the dynamics of knowledge transfer (KT) in South–South exchanges and the extent to which it diverges from more traditional exchanges. This study undertakes a comparative analysis of KT in the Eastern Industrial Zone (EIZ) in Ethiopia, and the Sihanoukville Special Economic Zone (SSEZ) in Cambodia. The case studies suggest that, although the provision of training by Chinese investors has added value to the labour force, its transformative impact is limited owing to the concentration on explicit KT modalities at lower skills levels and the top–down approach to KT by Chinese companies. These limitations are largely a function of the wide absorptive capacity gap between China and the host countries studied and the absence of more conducive industrial policies
Transformative encounters : reciprocal flows and the Chinese gold rush in Ghana
No full textSince the mid-2000s, tens of thousands of Chinese nationals have travelled to Ghana to engage in small- scale alluvial gold mining. The majority of these migrants are from Shanglin County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Shanglin has a long tradition of alluvial gold mining, and also has been a nationally designated ‘poverty-stricken county’ (pinkun xian). The Shanglin miners introduced new mechanised technology for extracting gold in Ghana, which has dramatically increased production, while producing severe environmental degradation. In 2013, the Ghanaian government began initiating a continuing series of military-style crackdowns aimed at eliminating the Chinese presence in the country’s small-scale mining sector. In both the media and popular discourse, Chinese miners have been depicted as feeding into corruption, destroying the environment, and stealing resources from marginal sectors of Ghanaian society. However, we still do not know much about who these miners are, the factors that compel them to travel to such a distant land in the hopes of ‘striking it rich’, or how the spoils of this gold rush have been distributed. Drawing on in-depth fieldwork, this lecture revisits this intense episode. It explores the ways in which this particular cultural encounter has shaped and transformed relationships between people, places, and the natural environment, and examines the impact that it has had on the lives of those involved, both in Ghana and China
The EUs global gateway vs the Belt and Road Initiative. What does the EUs global gateway policy mean for African agency in Sino-African relations?
No full textOn 1 December 2021 the European Union (EU) launched the global gateway. The European Commission and the EU High Representative have set out the Global Gateway, a new European strategy to boost the EU involvement in areas such as energy and transport sectors. The EU has open stated that the global gateway is the EU response to the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Africa is the focus of the Global Gateway, using the system of Team European Initiative the early funded project is focus on area which the BRI has been leading as an external development actor in Africa. However, while there is some research which compares the BRI and the Global Gateway there is little focus on what this means for African agency in its relationship with both the EU and China. This paper will focus on how African agency in Sino-Africa relations is affected by the Global Gateway and will focus on how Africa states have reacted to the Global Gateway and see if African states have used the new EU strategy to leverage their relations with China
Infrastructure, incumbency, and influence : China\u27s high-profile global development
No full textWhy do donor and host country governments cooperate on expensive, risky infrastructure? I argue that high-profile infrastructure uniquely reinforces incumbency advantage in host countries and generates policy influence for donors. Overseas infrastructure generates significant risks for donors given its scale, complexity, and visibility relative to other development projects, and allocating infrastructure to experienced leaders helps mitigate uncertainty. High-profile infrastructure helps host country leaders consolidate power by acquiring national-level capital with both material and symbolic functions, and facilitates donors\u27 pursuit of influence in return. Analyzing new evidence on Chinese development finance since 1949, I show that high-profile infrastructure flows to host countries with longer-tenured leaders, helps extend their tenures, and generates donor influence. Other types of projects do not follow the same patterns. Accompanying historical and contemporary case studies illustrate how donor and host governments use high-profile infrastructure to pursue their political goals. The findings contribute to research on the political economy of aid, Chinese development finance, and infrastructure in international relations
論《周禮》“以為民極”開展的民本思想
Get PDF從《尚書》已可見禹繼承堯、舜以來傳賢的概念，提出“民惟邦本，本固邦寧”的政治概念，正式開啟民本思想之先聲，也成為後代施政規劃所取法的核心。《周禮》即借用《尚書‧洪範》“建用皇極”的概念，在“惟王建國，辨方正位，體國經野，設官分職，以為民極”的全書宗旨中，將“以為民極”的民本概念視為施政者努力開創全民福祉的核心。由於以民為本的思想，主要藉由養民、教民、治民三大方面體現之，因而本文再分別從此三大方面體現其所開展的民本思想。最後，總結《周禮》以發展民生經濟奠定王朝的根基，再以德禮之教締造講求道德的社會團體，並以“五刑”輔助治理邦國，共同促成理想社會的達成。
Chinese people-oriented thought originated with the abdication stories of Yao (堯), Shun (舜) and Yu (禹). The political concept that “people are the basis of the state and the state will be tranquil if the basis is firm” in Shangshu (尚書, The Book of Ancient Documents), evolved into the central policy of s government of ancient China.
Taking the concept of Jianyonghuangji (建用皇極) from Hongfan (洪範) in The Book of Ancient Documents, Zhouli developed the idea of Yiweiminji which meant that the rulers should devote themselves to the welfare of all people.
This paper will shed light on people-oriented thought through the three main aspects of Yiweiminji in Zhouli: nurturing the people, educating the people and governing the people. According to these ideas, rulers should make the livelihood and benefit of all people as the foundation of the state, should improve moral standards by the teachings of virtue and rituals, and promote social order through Wuxing (五刑, five punishments) to create an ideal society