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A study of perspectives on roles and responsibilities in social welfare in Hong Kong
No full textScholars studying Hong Kong\u27s social welfare system and other stakeholders tend to see it as a residual system. That means social welfare is seen as an institution that facilitates the failures of the market economy and the breakdown of family functions.
This study aims to examine how people perceive the roles and responsibilities of the government, the human service sector, and the general public in Hong Kong in social welfare. Using the method of constructivist grounded theory, qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted between June 2021 and April 2022 with 45 different stakeholders of social welfare to understand the viewpoints and attitudes on the role and responsibilities of social welfare in Hong Kong.
The majority of the interviewees reflected that the significant social problems in Hong Kong, in their eyes, were the shortage of adequate housing, long waiting queues for elderly and disability services, uncertain prospects of young people, and limited opportunities in the job market. Most interviewees agreed that the Hong Kong government had to take up the primary responsibility of supporting individuals and social groups in need. They also thought that the business sectors should play a more substantial role in caring for peopled livelihoods. This study has served as an insightful analysis for a better understanding of the welfare mentalities of different stakeholders in Hong Kong
Commons與社會創新
No full textCommons強調共享、合作和公平。不同的文化或資源，例如自然資源、文化資產或知識資源會被視為共同擁有和管理。這些資源由當地居民使用、分享和管理，並以促進可持續發展、公平機會及社會共融為目標。
社會創新，即解決社會問題的創新方法，涉及到知識、產品或服務上的改進，以對應社會需要。社會創新鼓勵人們重新思考現有模式、程序和方法，以創造新的解決方案來改善社會福祉。 在這次講座中，致力於社會創新設計的葉長安教授將與我們分享他的經驗和見解、探討Commons和社會創新的角色和價值，以及兩者之間的密切聯繫。
嘉賓簡介
葉長安 Alvin Yip 原任香港理工大學社會創新設計院創院總監及首席研究員。中央美術學院兼任教授、城市設計與創新研究院副院長 。中國教育科學研究院未來學校與STEM空間客席主編。倫敦AA建築聯盟畢業、不列顛學院授予羅馬學人、皇家工藝學會終身會士
Photo galleryhttps://gallery.ln.edu.hk/lib/commons-20240410
《九歌》為祭歌之性質及功能新考
Full text link屈原《九歌》素以雋美的詞藻，飄渺的浪漫主義情感，被後世文人尊為中國古典文學中的經典之作。然而，關於《九歌》的創作性質和功效，歷代研究者眾說紛紜，大體上提出了寄託說、民間祭歌說、國家祭歌說等不同看法。
本文擬就《九歌》的祭歌性質進行研究，提出《九歌》承擔國家祭歌功效的推想。首先，區分楚地巫觋文化與中原儒家祭祀文化的不同，從《九歌》人稱辨析入手，考察巫觋在楚國降神體系中發揮的重要作用。然後，試析《九歌》獨特的祭祀模式和祭祀心理，以民族學資料為佐證，重點闡述了《九歌》作為祭歌的合理性。最後，探析屈原憑藉宗教祭祀歌曲抒發自傷之情的可能性，尋覓其中隱藏的作者情愫。
本文提出的推斷建立在楚國祭祀風俗的基礎上，有別於過去學術界以儒家思想解析《九歌》的研究視角。希望能為研究《九歌》性質及功效提供新的思考方向
新見哈佛大學燕京圖書館藏錢謙益《吾炙集》舊鈔本考論 : 兼談此集的編選與刊刻
Full text link錢謙益所輯《吾炙集》作爲清初詩歌選集之重要一種，乾隆間雖曾遭禁毁，仍在清代産生了深遠影響。通過對相關序跋、題詞、評注的解讀，可知《吾炙集》的編選乃本乎真性情，標舉風雅，以見詩家之靈心。從錢氏評語亦可窺見其崇尚自然質樸、反對一味模擬復古的詩學主張，以及晚年對於幽憂衰頽的“亡國之音”的不滿情緒。《吾炙集》初以鈔本形式流傳，因遇文網，故秘而未刊，現存有光緒二十八年刊《怡蘭堂叢書》本、光緒三十三年刊《佚叢甲集》本、民國六年刊《虞山叢刻》本三種，各本跋文略述版本之由來，也存有若干疑點，《吾炙集》是否爲未成之書，所收詩家多寡，前人多謂尚待續考。新見哈佛大學燕京圖書館所藏舊鈔本，爲我們進一步研究提供了重要綫索，今蒐集辨析《吾炙集》刊本、鈔本，又考以相關詩文别集，可知傳世本《吾炙集》應非完帙，集中前二十家當是從錢氏原稿所出，而許友一家則並非原貌。另外，許友目下之末二首可能爲方文佚詩，而卷末評語亦非許友詩評，而是錢謙益評方文詩語。
The Wu Zhi Collection, compiled by Qian Qianyi, is a significant anthology of early Qing poetry. Despite being banned during the Qianlong era, it had a profound impact throughout the Qing Dynasty. Analysis of the prefaces, postscripts, inscriptions, and commentaries associated with the collection reveals that its compilation was rooted in authenticity and genuinity, aiming to showcase elegant tastes and the spiritual essence of poets. Qian\u27s own commentaries also reveal his preference for natural simplicity over slavish imitation of antiquity, as well as his late-life dissatisfaction with the sounds of a lost nation (wang Guo zhi yin 亡國之音) that reflected melancholy and decay. Initially, the Wu Zhi Collection circulated in manuscript form and remained unpublished due to censorship. Existing printed editions include the Yilantang Congshu 怡蘭堂叢書 version published in the 28th year of the Guangxu era, the Yicong Jia Ji 佚叢甲集 version from the 33rd year of the Guangxu era, and the Yushan Congke 虞山叢刻 version from the 6th year of the Republic of China, each with postscripts briefly tracing the origins of the version, yet certain doubts remain. Whether the Wu Zhi Collection is a complete work, and the number of poets included, have often been points for further investigation. The discovery of an old manuscript in the Harvard-Yenching Library provides critical clues for additional research. Upon collecting and analyzing the printed and manuscript versions of the Wu Zhi Collection and comparing them with related anthologies, it becomes evident that the extant version of the collection is likely incomplete. The poetry of the first twenty poets in the collection likely originated from Qian\u27s own drafts, while the work attributed to Xu You does not reflect its original form. Moreover, the last two poems under Xu You\u27s section might be uncollected works by Fang Wen, and the concluding commentary is not a critique of Xu You\u27s poetry but Qian Qianyi\u27s commentary on Fang Wen\u27s poetry
編寫 亡國 歷史記憶 : 徐鉉《吴王隴西公墓志銘》之興亡敘事與李煜論定
Full text link本文以墓志銘爲媒介，期以探析趙宋官方對待降君之態度，透視南唐降臣入宋後的處境與心態，進而側觀趙宋君臣如何回憶並編寫征服南唐的歷史記憶，以及如何詮釋被征服者的政治地位。本文鈎沉徐鉉受宋太宗命爲李煜撰墓志銘背後複雜緊張的政治背景，發現徐鉉在把握趙宋官方統一南唐的立場時，也存故主之義，使之同時具有特殊的文學與史學價值。徐鉉構建南唐國亡乃天命所歸的敘事模式，既淡化李煜亡國之君責任，又尊奉揄揚了趙宋承天受命的正統性。徐鉉還粉飾歷史情境中趙宋侵略的主動性，同時還將國覆責任推之於離間趙宋、南唐關係的吴越。而著重敘述南唐被代表正統的趙宋所併，也源於太宗朝對“太平”這一統治目標的追求。徐鉉在對李煜形象與功業進行蓋棺論定時，突顯李煜對内以古道馭民施行仁政，對外謹藩國之度；藉之促使降臣群體再次認同南唐被趙宋征服的歷史事實。徐鉉繼承“燕許”碑取實録的寫作要旨，客觀指出李煜治國時的弊端，也隱含反省規箴之意。在銘文中以騷體描述李煜既葬勒銘的過程，以典奥淒婉之風抒發哀悼；且運散入駢，顯出雄辭逸氣。徐鉉實對北宋文壇具深遠影響，以該文爲取徑重新審視徐鉉駢文價值，明晰北宋廟堂文章倡古道、守法度、重氣格的文學風尚實有源自宋初徐鉉之跡。
This paper examines tomb inscriptions as a medium to analyze the Zhao Song dynasty\u27s official attitude toward defeated monarchs, specifically to illuminate the conditions and mindsets of Southern Tang officials after their submission to the Song dynasty. It further observes how the Zhao Song rulers and ministers recalled and constructed the historical memory of their conquest of Southern Tang and interpreted the political status of the conquered. The study delves into the complex and tense political background behind Xu Xuan\u27s commission by Emperor Taizong of Song to compose the tomb inseription for Li Yu of the Southern Tang dynasty. It reveals that Xu Xuan, while adhering to the Zhao Song dynasty\u27s official stance of rightful unification, maintained a sense of loyalty to his former ruler, conferring special literary and historiographical value to his work. Xu Xuan constructed a narrative that interpreted the fall of the Southern Tang dynasty as an act of divine will, thus mitigating Li Yu\u27s responsibility as the monarch of a fallen state while extolling the Song Dynasty\u27s legitimacy as divinely ordained. Xu also whitewashed the Song dynasty\u27s aggressive invasion and shifted the blame for the state\u27s collapse onto Wuyue, which had disrupted relations between the Zhao Song and the Southern Tang dynasty. Emphasizing the Southern Tang dynasty\u27s absorption by the orthodox Zhao Song dynasty stemmed from Emperor Taizong\u27s pursuit of the ruling objective of great peace (taiping 太平). In his final evaluation of Li Yu\u27s character and accomplishments, Xu Xuan highlighted Li Yu\u27s governance through benevolence and careful maintenance of vassal relations, thereby prompting the group of surrendered officials to re-acknowledge the historical fact of the Southern Tang dyansty\u27s conquest by the Zhao Song dynasty. Following the Yan Xu 燕許 stele\u27s tradition of factual recording, Xu Xuan objectively pointed out the flaws in Li Yu\u27s rule and implied a reflective critique. In the inscription, Xu Xuan depiets Li Yu\u27s entombment process in a sorrowful, elegiac Sao style, which reveals a commanding and free-spirited eloquence. Xu Xuan\u27s impact on the Northern Song literary scene was profound; re-evaluating his ornate prose illuminates that the literary trends in the Northern Song court- advocating for the ancient way, adherence to rules, and emphasis on vigor and style-originate from the early Song figure Xu Xuan
A qualitative study of gender pay gap phenomenon : the case of Shenzhen maritime industry
No full textDespite the international community, including China, championing gender equality through a series of policies and initiatives, the gender pay gap remains a persistent issue. Females continue to grapple with workplace inequality. The urgency to address this issue is underscored by the fact that it is unclear how effectively current social policies target and enforce gender pay inequality in specific industries. This qualitative study, focusing on the maritime industry, a sector with unique challenges, explores the complex issue of gender inequality and the gender pay gap in shore-based workplaces. The primary objective is to elucidate the factors that influence the distribution of gender pay as a crucial step towards achieving workplace equity.
This study is directly relevant to the professional field of the maritime industry. It investigates the influence of factors on the pay gap for onshore female employees, a topic of great interest and concern to policymakers, industry professionals, and academic researchers. It also explores the impacts of these factors on female employees` long-term career planning, providing insights that can inform strategies for improving equality in the industry.
This qualitative study has adopted a phenomenological research design to gain insights and obtain detailed empirical feedback with thematic relevance. Thirty-seven eligible female employees were selected from the maritime industry in Shenzhen, China, through a mixed method of purposive sampling and snowball sampling to participate in interviews for data collection. Thematic data analysis through inductive reasoning was adopted to aggregate female employees\u27 deep feelings and perspectives on the inequality of shore-based work in the maritime industry.
This study identifies multiple factors that influence the gender pay gap in the maritime industry. Negative performance expectations for female employees and bias in salary assessments played a role as organisational factors in such male-dominated workplaces. Gender stereotypes may primarily underpin gender bias as socialisation dimensions. Gender discrimination contributes to inequality in the shore-side workplace.
This exploration reflects many challenges and barriers faced by female employees. The gender pay gap in the shore-side of the maritime industry causes economic losses in females\u27 career cycles, aggravates the conflict between work and family, compresses the promotion space and representation, further consolidates the stereotype of females in decent work, weakens the confidence and self-realisation of female employees, and leads to further occupational isolation and talent shortage in the maritime industry.
This study also reveals that current social policies must be more focused and implementable to reduce the gender pay gap.
Organisational factors often drive gender discrimination in the workplace, while gender stereotypes may serve as its foundation. Strengthening organisational education on gender diversity, eliminating gender stereotypes, and reducing the scope for ambiguity in performance appraisals are crucially recommended. By substantively establishing accountability mechanisms for gender inequality, increasing the motivation of female employees to participate in the workforce, and reducing the cost of female family caregiving, among other measures, we can reduce the further widening of the gender pay gap
The relationship between socioeconomic status and online academic help-seeking behaviour : role of attitude, subjective norm, self-efficacy and intention
No full textAs the intensive integration of information technology in education, it has become increasingly common for students to utilize online resources for self-directed learning. Online academic help-seeking (OAHS) is not only recognized as a vital self-regulated learning strategy, but also acknowledged as one of the most challenging obstacles encountered by students in online learning. It requires students to master strategies for academic help-seeking such as communication skills, as well as proficiency in utilizing Internet for efficient information searching, information retrieval, information filtering and processing, and social media usage. Thanks to the rapid development of higher education in China, a wide variety of backgrounds for college students on the rise. Previous research has indicated the differences in the effectiveness of online learning and academic help-seeking behaviour among college students. However, little is known about how these differences are formed. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between family socioeconomic status (SES) and online academic help-seeking behaviour among college students. Current study employed online survey and structural equation modelling (SEM) to conduct quantitative analysis on the questionnaires of 357 participants. The results revealed that family socioeconomic status has an indirect effect on online academic help-seeking behaviour, and attitude, subjective norms, Internet self-efficacy and intention play serial mediating roles in this relationship (i.e., family SES\u3eattitude\u3eintention\u3eOAHS). Understanding the role of socioeconomic status, attitude, subjective norm, Internet self-efficacy and intention in shaping college students’ participation in online academic help-seeking can provide insights for higher education policy makers and educators in effectively promoting students’ academic help-seeking, teacher-student interaction, and building a positive online learning environment. Observing the performance of college students from diverse family backgrounds and providing targeted support to address their specific needs can effectively mitigate disparities in higher education, thereby eliminating inequality and fostering high-quality education. This endeavour aligns not only with the objectives of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China but also with the aspirations set forth in the Sustainable Development Goals
Theme Two : Health and Sustainability (I)
No full textModerator: LAU Kin Chi (Lingnan University)
1. Rethinking the Birth of the 20th Century in the midst of Multiple Crises
Speaker: WANG Hui (Tsinghua University)
2. Physical and Mental Health and the Defense of Society
Speaker: DAI Jinhua (Peking University
Mapping and explaining ethnic environmental inequality in Germany
No full textHarmful environmental influences such as air and water pollution or a lack of natural environments are major causes of illness and premature death and disproportionately affect disadvantaged and marginalized groups. The first part of the talk shows that environmental inequalities in Germany are structured much more strongly by citizenship than by income and that high spatial granularity is important for detecting the full extent of environmental inequalities. The second and main part of the talk zeroes in on the social mechanisms driving ethno-environmental segregation and on the role of residential preferences in particular. We use a unique conjoint survey experiment to show that individuals with and without immigrant origins have similarly strong preferences for avoiding exposure to traffic and industry and for living close to green spaces. While this speaks against a direct role of environmental preferences in shaping ethnic environmental inequality, simulations of moving behavior calibrated using the survey experimental results suggest an important indirect contribution. More specifically, we demonstrate how pre-existing ethno-environmental segregation is reproduced and perpetuated by a) the tendency of natives to avoid ethnically heterogeneous neighborhoods and b) by a universal preference for living close to family and friends
論馮沅君小說的空間隱喻——以《隔絕》、《旅行》、《春痕》為例
Full text link馮沅君作為在五四時代大膽、赤裸地書寫男女愛情的女作家，作品有強烈反對封建禮教的色彩，同時她筆下的女性角色又因為新舊思想的影響，掙扎於情人的愛和母親的愛間的衝突。《隔絕》、《旅行》和《春痕》這三部作品均運用了不同空間作為文本背景，透過將空間與角色的情緒和從家庭的出走等聯繫，馮沅君塑造了封建的室內空間和自由的戶外空間，從角色所處的空間情緒和空間移動等隱喻了她反封建禮教的思想和轉變。
作品結構上，馮沅君沿用第一人稱書信體的寫作形式，直接呈現女性面對新舊思想、愛情和母親時的複雜心理，而角色間的書信來往亦隱喻了他們物理空間上的隔絕與溝通。同時，書信體的架構亦連接了各個作品中的背景思想，打破了小說背景上時間和空間的限制，令各個文本的思想特質得以在書信空間串連。故本文會從馮沅君小說的文本內容和書信體的寫作結構兩方面，研究沅君小說空間隱喻的運用