Journals at Carleton University
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What Types of Police Recruitment Ads Attract Female and Male Applicants
No full textDrawing on a sample of college students from three U.S. universities and a general population sample of U.S. adults, researchers tested the effectiveness of different policing job advertisements and job descriptions.
They found that women were more motivated to apply for policing jobs when shown womenfocused recruitment ads (compared to more general ads) and that both men and women preferred ads focused on the service aspects of the job compared to ads focused on the challenge of policing.
More inclusive job descriptions were associated with better participant perceptions of the agency, but only after having been shown recruitment videos (as opposed to static ads).
Agencies should consider tailoring recruitment materials to specific audiences and use different strategies based on ad platform and type
The Importance of Fairness in Building Officer Identity and Retention
No full textThis study used survey data collected from 298 Canadian police officers to examine the factors contributing to the potential attachments officers form with their roles as police officers and/or as members of a specific police service.
The findings suggest that when officers perceive fair treatment and experience psychological safety in the workplace, they are more likely to identify with their organizations and their roles as police officers. However, female officers reported feeling less safe when raising concerns or seeking support, which in turn contributed to lower levels of organizational and professionalidentification.
When key policies and practices - such as those related to promotion, career development, and rewards or discipline - are implemented fairly, and officers feel safe enough to speak up, police services are more likely to see increased organizational commitment, greater team effort, and reduced turnover. Fair practices and psychologically safe environments not only strengthen officer engagement but also enhance team performance and retention
Cannabis, Mental Health and Suicidality: Understanding the Relationship in a University Student Population
No full textStressful experiences are common among university students, who also may use cannabis to cope. Previous evidence suggests a relationship between cannabis use and suicidal behaviours; however, the nature of this relationship remains unclear. For example, while acute cannabis use can offer immediate stress relief, high-risk users (e.g., daily or near daily use) may enhance baseline stress, exacerbating mental health symptoms and therefore increasing the risk of presenting suicidal behaviours. This thesis explores the complex relationship between stress, depression, anxiety, and suicidal behaviour among a population of university students, considering the mediating role of cannabis use. Data was collected from Carleton University undergraduates (N = 100) using self-reported questionnaires assessing anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory), depression (Beck Depression Inventory), cannabis use (Cannabis Use Disorder Identification Test (Revised); Cannabis Use Questionnaire), stress (Perceived Stress Scale, University Stress Scale), and suicidal behaviours (Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire (Revised)). Findings revealed a significant positive correlation between cannabis use and suicidal behaviour scores. Mediation analysis further indicated that cannabis use mediates the relationship between depression and suicidal ideation. Specifically, higher depression scores were associated with increased cannabis use, which in turn, was linked to greater suicidal behaviour. Further, those who used cannabis to cope, compared to those who used it recreationally, had higher suicide scores. Understanding these pathways is crucial for developing targeted interventions and public health strategies aimed at reducing suicide risk among university students who use cannabis, especially those experiencing stress and mental health challenges
Identification of Mountain Pine Beetle Fungal Associates Using Whole Genome Sequence Data
No full textThe mountain pine beetle (MPB), Dendroctonus ponderosae, is a forest pest in western North America, infesting millions of hectares of pine forests and causing extensive tree mortality. As the MPB infests trees, it introduces fungal symbionts to the tree. These blue-stain fungi facilitate the beetle\u27s colonization and reproduction within the tree. The blue stain fungi comprise multiple species, and our understanding of the diversity and prevalence of these individual species remains limited. This study aims to identify and characterize the fungal associates of the MPB, gain insight into fungal distribution, and aid in forest management strategies. The study was conducted by collecting 26 MPB specimens from various locations across North America and extracting DNA for whole-genome sequencing using next-generation Sequencing Illumina sequencing. A bioinformatic pipeline was developed to analyze the sequencing data and characterize the fungal community associated with individual MPB sequences. Here, we show that it is possible to use whole genome sequencing to identify the fungal associates transmitted by MPB. Our results align with previous literature characterizing the presence of Grosmannia clavigera and Ophiostoma montium as primary fungal partners in MPB populations across various regions. The analysis aims to understand the geographic distribution trends of these fungal species in different habitats. Furthermore, this project provides valuable insights into the role of these various fungi species in supporting MPB during range expansion
Recreation & Physical Activity Accessibility in the Canadian Context
No full textThis poster will investigate the role of recreational programs in minimizing financial burdens in low-income Canadian families. Fee assistant programs (FAPs), such as Jumpstart and KidSport, are subsidized programs that create opportunities for citizens with low-income to participate in and access physical public activities. However, FAPs have limitations, including equipment fees, tournament fees, transportation barriers, and a lack of communication, that low-income families face when accessing recreational and physical activities. These limitations are a concern as there is a positive correlation between time spent on physical activity and an individual’s overall mental and physical health wellbeing. This research focused on identifying current available resources for low-income families to use along with FAPs to reduce barriers that impact their physical activity and recreational access
Investigating the Cross Stage Impacts of High Temperatures During Egg Development in Gryllodes sigillatus
No full textTemperature significantly influences metabolism and growth in insects. Most insects are ectotherms, animals that do not produce useful body heat internally and whose body temperature closely matches their environmental temperature. While previous studies have primarily examined the impacts of short-term stressful changes in temperature or constant temperature exposure throughout all life stages, the extent to which early thermal history affects cross-stage development remains unclear. Addressing this knowledge gap, we distributed the eggs of a commercially-relevant cricket species raised as food and feed, Gryllodes sigillatus, across a thermal gradient ranging from 22°C to 40°C to assess relative hatching success and rate. It was indicated that higher temperatures (above the optimal 32°C) resulted in an increased hatching rate, while treatment groups with lower temperatures had a slower hatching rate or failed to do so. Further, decreased performance was observed for the highest temperature group (39°C), showing that the thermal limit was not achieved. A better understanding of these interactions with temperature will allow for more informed decisions for commercial rearing conditions
The Tap-Tap: A Wearable Device to Make Music Learning More Accessible
No full textMusic learners who are blind or have low vision may miss non-verbal cues such as head nods and gestures during music lessons. As a result, certain musical information is inaccessible to them. The aim of this study was to explore the long-term use of wearable haptic devices for real-time communication between teachers and students in a music learning context
Navigating Educational Hurdles: The Impact of Attention and Hyperactivity Problems on School Absenteeism
No full textAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder that, if left undetected and untreated, can impede the life trajectory of thousands of children. Unfortunately, children and youth with this disorder often go unnoticed within the education system. Successful completion of education is critical for equipping students with ADHD with the skills to effectively manage their condition, leading to better overall life outcomes. Research has connected a lack of childhood skill development in managing ADHD symptoms with severe psychosocial outcomes such as failure in school, bleak employment outcomes, high crime and incarceration rates, and even premature death. Unfortunately, the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated these educational outcomes, disproportionately impacting school attendance rates among children with ADHD. This review aimed to investigate the relationship between attention and hyperactivity problems (AHP) among school-age children/youth and school absenteeism in both pre-pandemic and post-pandemic studies. The main objective was to investigate whether children with AHP were missing school at higher rates than their non-AHP peers. Through a systematic literature search across numerous databases, 1282 studies were assessed, identifying 35 studies focusing on the association between AHP and school absenteeism. Preliminary analyses revealed that students with AHP were more prone to experiencing increased school absenteeism, including cases of school refusal, avoidance, suspension, and expulsion. These findings are troubling as numerous studies have linked school absenteeism with adverse educational and psychosocial outcomes. Thus, there is an urgent need for educational and policy reforms that prioritize the support and accommodation of children with attention and hyperactivity problems
On Steiner Trees of the regular simplex
No full textIn the Euclidean Steiner Tree problem, we are given as input a set of points (called terminals) in the -metric space and the goal is to find the minimum-cost tree connecting them. Additional points (called Steiner points) from the space can be introduced as nodes in the solution.
The seminal works of Arora [JACM\u2798] and Mitchell [SICOMP\u2799] provide a Polynomial Time Approximation Scheme (PTAS) for solving the Euclidean Steiner Tree problem in fixed dimensions. However, the problem remains poorly understood in higher dimensions (such as when the dimension is logarithmic in the number of terminals) and ruling out a PTAS for the problem in high dimensions is a notoriously long standing open problem (for example, see Trevisan [SICOMP\u2700]). Moreover, the explicit construction of optimal Steiner trees remains unknown for almost all well-studied high-dimensional point configurations. Furthermore, a vast majority the state-of-the-art structural results on (high-dimensional) Euclidean Steiner trees were established in the 1960s, with no noteworthy update in over half a century.
In this paper, we revisit high-dimensional Euclidean Steiner trees, proving new structural results. We also establish a link between the computational hardness of the Euclidean Steiner Tree problem and understanding the optimal Steiner trees of regular simplices (and simplicial complexes), proposing several conjectures and showing that some of them suffice to resolve the status of the inapproximability of the Euclidean Steiner Tree problem. Motivated by this connection, we investigate optimal Steiner trees of regular simplices, proving new structural properties of their optimal Steiner trees, revisiting an old conjecture of Smith [Algorithmica\u2792] about their optimal topology, and providing the first explicit, general construction of candidate optimal Steiner trees for that topology
Китайско-центральноазиатская регионализация и её влияние на Центральноазиатский регион и за его пределами
No full textSince gaining independence, Central Asian countries have maintained stable and friendly relationships with China. Through China-led bilateral, regional, and multilateral projects, China and Central Asia have significantly strengthened their strategic partnership and elevated the importance of their relationship in the region-building process. As a result of these interactions, Central Asia is emerging as an active regional actor. This article characterizes China and Central Asia’s interactions as Warleigh-Lack\u27s (2006) “regionalization” and examines the impact of this process on diffusing China’s model of regionalism in Central Asia. Specifically, the article aims to answer the question: what are the implications of China and Central Asia’s regionalization processes for shaping the region and for the presence of a third actor, Russia?
Employing Acharya’s (2004) “norm localization” analytical framework, the article argues that the current Central Asian regional cooperation model can be described as an indirect (recipient-driven) influence of China and Central Asia’s regionalization processes within the scope of the Shanghai Cooperation Agreement (SCO), bilateral strategic partnership agreements and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). It posits that, of the various types of indirect diffusion of institutional and policy models of regionalism, the new Central Asian model of regional cooperation entails a “lesson-drawing” diffusion mechanism from the Chinese model of regionalism.
Depuis leur accession à l\u27indépendance, les pays d\u27Asie centrale ont entretenu des relations stables et amicales avec la Chine. Grâce à des projets bilatéraux, régionaux et multilatéraux menés par la Chine, la Chine et l\u27Asie centrale ont considérablement renforcé leur partenariat stratégique et accru l\u27importance de leurs relations dans la construction de la région. Grâce à ces interactions, l\u27Asie centrale en tant que telle est en passe de devenir un acteur régional important. L’auteure caractérise les interactions entre la Chine et l\u27Asie centrale comme un exemple de la « régionalisation » de Warleigh-Lack (2006) et examine l\u27impact de ce processus sur la diffusion du modèle chinois de régionalisme en Asie centrale. Quelles sont les implications des processus de régionalisation de la Chine et de l\u27Asie centrale pour la construction de la région et pour la présence d\u27un troisième acteur d’importance, la Russie ?
S\u27appuyant sur le cadre analytique de « localisation des normes » d\u27Acharya (2004), l\u27auteure soutient que le modèle actuel de coopération régionale en Asie centrale peut être décrit comme une influence indirecte (par les bénéficiaires) des processus de régionalisation de la Chine et de l\u27Asie centrale dans le cadre de l\u27Accord de coopération de Shanghai (OCS), des accords bilatéraux de partenariat stratégique et de l\u27Initiative route et ceinture (IRC). Elle postule que, parmi les différents types de diffusion indirecte des modèles institutionnels et politiques de régionalisme, le nouveau modèle centrasiatique de coopération régionale implique un modèle de diffusion inspiré du modèle chinois de régionalisme.
С момента обретения независимости страны Центральной Азии поддерживали стабильные и дружеские отношения с Китаем. Посредством возглавляемых Китаем двусторонних, региональных и многосторонних проектов, Китай и Центральная Азия значительно укрепили своё стратегическое партнёрство и повысили значимость своих отношений в формировании региона. В результате этих взаимодействий Центральная Азия начинает выступать в качестве активного регионального игрока. Данная статья характеризует взаимодействия Китая и Центральной Азии как «регионализация» (Warleigh-Lack 2006), и рассматривает влияние этого процесса на проникновение китайской модели регионализма в Центральную Азию. В частности, статья пытается ответить на вопрос: каковы последствия процессов регионализации Китая и Центральной Азии для формирования региона и для наличия третьего актора, России?
Используя аналитическую схему "нормативной локализации" (Acharya 2004), статья утверждает, что нынешняя модель регионального сотрудничества Центральной Азии может быть описана как косвенное (движимое получателями) влияние процессов регионализации Китая и Центральной Азии в рамках Шанхайской организации сотрудничества (ШОС), двусторонних стратегических партнерских соглашений и инициативы "Пояс и путь" (BRI). В статье утверждается, что из различных типов косвенного проникновения институциональных и организационных моделей регионализма новая Центральноазиатская модель регионального сотрудничества использует механизм проникновения с "извлечением уроков" из китайской модели регионализма.
Ключевые слова: Китай, регионализм, регионализация, проникновение, Центральная Азия