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From Timbuktu to the international community: intertextuality, expressivism and legitimacy in Prosecutor v Al Mahdi before the International Criminal Court
No full textThis paper examines the 2016 trial of Ahmad Al Faqi Al Mahdi by the International Criminal Court (ICC) through the lenses of discourse analysis and linguistic anthropology, with a focus on how trial actors navigated legitimacy challenges. Al Mahdi, a member of Ansar Dine, was charged with the war crime of intentionally directing attacks against religious and historic buildings in Timbuktu, which were UNESCO World Heritage sites. This paper argues that the trial actors used a rhetorical “local-to-global parallelism” which sought to consolidate a global range of constituencies and legitimate the ICC’s actions both normatively and sociologically. The local-to-global parallelism served to “talk into existence” a broad-based victimhood, which reinforced the court’s symbolic authority and its claims to jurisdiction. It also relied heavily on intertextual connections between the ICC and UNESCO, thereby legitimating the prosecution of cultural heritage destruction as a grave international crime.</p
The 1998 Belfast/Good Friday Agreement and treaty amendment: an example of the interplay between a treaty and a non-legally binding agreement
No full textThe reform of the 1998 Belfast/Good Friday Agreement raises complex issues regarding the relationship between treaties and non-legally binding agreements. It could be argued that the BIA refers to the Multi-Party Agreement as amended in the last 27 years. An amendment of the BIA will be required if the change in the Multi-Party Agreement is contrary to the provisions of the BIA. This will be the case particularly if there is a change in the institutions listed in Article 2 of the BIA, the establishment of which, in accordance with the provisions of the Multi-Party Agreement, constitutes a legal obligation for Ireland and the UK. However, even reforms to Strand One institutions might require amendment of the BIA if they could be considered contrary to its provisions as interpreted in light of its object and purpose.</p
Which halogen to choose? Comparing the effects of chlorine and fluorine as bioisosteric substituents in drug design
No full textThe effects of fluorine and chlorine on pharmaceutical systems are compared using a molecular matched pair analysis. Effects on binding constants, physicochemical properties such as lipophilicity and solubility, as well as on metabolic properties will show the differences and similarities between the elements in a medicinal context. Factors such as the difference in electronegativity, polarizability, hydrogen-bond acceptor ability, as well as conformational effects are discussed to put the differences between the elements into context, using real case studies taken from the literature.</p
Biological flora of Britain & Ireland: Geranium sylvaticum
No full text1. This accounts presents information on all aspects of the biology of Geranium sylvaticum L. (Wood Crane’s-Bill) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of Britain and Ireland: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history, and conservation and management.2. Geranium sylvaticum is a perennial forb of woodland, semi-natural grassland, tall-herb vegetation, boreal dwarf-shrub heaths, and sub-alpine and sub-arctic scrub. In Britain and Ireland, it occurs in cool and moist northern-montane climates, in upland hay meadows, road verges, riverbanks, fens and mires, mountain rock ledges, crags and ravines, and upland mixed ash forests.3. Geranium sylvaticum is widespread in Scotland and northern England, with scattered native occurrences in Wales, central England and at the coast of Country Antrim, Ireland. It has an extensive native range in Europe and Asia. At the northeastern end of this range, G. sylvaticum can occur down to sea level, whereas in more southern range parts, it is limited to mountain habitats.4. In Britain and Ireland, Geranium sylvaticum is a species mainly of neutral to moderately calcareous soils of intermediate fertility. In its continental Eurasian range, it also occurs on more acidic soils.5. Geranium sylvaticum is gynodioecious, i.e. individual plants are typically female or hermaphrodite. Occasionally, individuals are gynomonoecious, producing both female and hermaphrodite flowers. Female flowers are usually smaller than the protrandrous hermaphrodite flowers. Flowers are visited by insects of the orders Hymenoptera, Diptera and Lepidoptera, as well as Coleoptera and Hemiptera.6. Primary seed dispersal of G. sylvaticum is ballistic, i.e. seeds are ejected from fruits. The species has a transient soil seed bank persisting for less than 12 months. The seeds have physical dormancy, i.e., their seed coat is initially impermeable to water. The species has little capacity for vegetative spread.7. In Britain and Ireland, G. sylvaticum underwent long-term distributional decline mostly before 1987. A marked recent increase in records has been observed in northern Scotland, due to either a slight northerly shift in its distribution and/or increased recording in previously under-recorded areas.</p
Characterising chaos in a multi-magnetic spherical pendulum: A computational approach using Lyapunov analysis
No full textBy implementing both numerical and computational methods, we illustrate the degree of chaos present in a magnetically influenced spherical pendulum by using dipole-like interactions between the pendulum mass and surrounding magnets. When the magnets produce a repulsive force which is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the distance, the system is observed to be chaotic such that it demonstrates sensitivity to initial conditions. By increasing the initial azimuthal velocity, ̇ , in initial condition vector [0, 0, ̇0,̇0], one can observe the increased level of chaos within the system. This is quantified using the Maximum Lyapunov Exponent, MLE, which shows a positive value of > 0 for all measured initial conditions. This value ranges from ~0.15 for lower energy conditions, to ~0.7 for higher energy conditions.</p
Investigating wildfire impacts on freshwater ecosystems in the Experimental Lakes Area, Canada
No full textA thesis submitted to School of Natural Sciences University of Lincoln in fulfilment of the requirements for Masters (MSc) by Research of Geography.</p
Visual Syntax of Surfy Radness
No full textExploring the holes within a surfy radness culture, in which a space for academic writing can exist.</p
A Type of Art
No full textAn article about the book Typewriter Art was published in "The Story" magazine.</p
Transforming agri-food data into actionable insights
No full textBackground To initiate agency and action in agri-food supply chain transition, data must be translated into information and then actionable insights. This complex data-insight translation process requires an iterative, self-learning approach from problem definition through to problem resolution.Scope and Approach: The aim of the research is to narratively explore this process of transitioning data into actionable insights in the context of the agri-food supply chain, develop a conceptual framework to visualise the processes required and critique the socio-technical and governance challenges that inform actionability.Key findings and conclusion: Opacity and bias, arising from weak algorithmic design, inappropriate data acquisition, inconsistent data quality, poor system operationalisation, and human cognitive factors, can undermine technical performance as well as user trust and agency. Addressing these challenges is therefore essential. The case study examples demonstrate that the transition from problem definition to problem resolution is inherently complex, iterative, and socially situated, reinforcing the need to treat actionability as a dynamic process rather than a linear outcome. This research has developed a conceptual framework to explore how to translate agri-food data into actionable insights and effective operationalisation of technology. The eight elements of the framework are: problem definition, data acquisition, data analysis, information legitimisation, creation of knowledge through relativisation, participation (agent engagement), operationalisation (agent response) and effective resolution. This research is of interest to those involved in academia, industry and policy seeking to drive greater levels of engagement and actioned response to the sharing of agri-food-related data and technology adoption within agri-food supply chains.</p
Exploring the Relationship Between Burglary Behaviours and Burglary Cognitions Using Immersive Virtual Reality
No full textBurglary has become one of the few crimes that can be behaviourally investigated through simulating the offence in Virtual Reality (VR). No research on burglary has yet examined the role of burglary-specific social cognitions on the behaviours exhibited during the offence. Thus, the present study investigated the relationship between the behaviours conducted in a virtual burglary and burglary-specific cognitive distortions, empathy, proclivity, emotional reactivity, immersion, and task difficulty.Fifty participants were recruited from the general community to simulate a virtual burglary offence in VR. The simulation was of a house that participants could burgle freely, containing an array of items to simulate a real-life home. Participants were asked to complete questionnaires on burglary-specific cognitions and then undertake the virtual burglary, after which they completed questionnaires on their experience of the VR.The results showed that both cognitive and affective empathy were related to the number of items taken. Additionally, cognitive distortions were related to the number of items taken. None of the other variables had a significant relationship with the behaviours enacted during the virtual burglary.This is the first research article to highlight that there is a link between burglary-specific cognitions and affect with simulated burglary behaviours. These results form the initial foundation of a larger perspective on identifying the potential risk factors related to burglary offending. Further research is now needed to deepen this understanding and begin developing meaningful interventions and therapeutic strategies for forensic practice.</p