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Federated Machine Learning to enable Intrusion Detection Systems in IoT Networks
No full textIntrusion detection systems for internet-of-things devices are becoming more relevant as the international reliance on internet-of-things devices grows. Federated learning is one of the most promising areas of study in AI-driven intrusion detection systems in the internet of things and networking, being able to mitigate some of the more severe hardware requirements. Using a federated learning framework, we trained and evaluated several machine learning models to identify distributed denial-of-service attacks in IoT systems. Our framework introduces a novel approach to data preparation for federated learning, incorporating new processing techniques to maximise performance on real-world non-synthetic data. The results show that our proposed first-of-its-kind federated SVM model is highly effective for intrusion detection and matches or outperforms the benchmark algorithms in terms of the attack prediction accuracy, while demonstrating its feasibility for deployment on edge devices. We also compare the physical metrics to conduct one of the first comprehensive evaluations of model suitability for resource-constrained IoT networks, providing valuable insights into the trade-offs between detection accuracy and computational efficiency.</p
Emphasising the need for further identification of Salmonella beyond biochemical assays
No full text
Accurate identification of Salmonella is essential for food safety, yet reliance on traditional biochemical assays can lead to significant misidentification. This study investigates the limitations of ISO 6579-1:2017 culture-based protocols by analysing 82 presumptive Salmonella isolates from poultry processing chains in the UK. Genomic characterisation revealed that nearly 30% of the isolates were not Salmonella enterica, but closely related species such as Proteus mirabilis and Citrobacter spp., due to overlapping phenotypic traits.
These findings underscore the risks of depending solely on biochemical assays, which can lead to flawed epidemiological data, compromised outbreak responses, and regulatory missteps. The study highlights the importance of adopting molecular diagnostics, specifically, cost-effective gene amplification targeting Salmonella-specific genes, to enhance the accuracy of pathogen detection in food systems.
This work calls attention to the gap between current diagnostic practice and the precision required for effective public health protection, and offers a strong case for integrating molecular confirmation into routine Salmonella surveillance protocols.</p
Towards a Chinese Christian University: The University of Nanking, 1912–31
No full textThe University of Nanking, established in 1910 by missionaries from the United States and built between 1912 and 1931, was one of the earliest Christian universities established in China. Its campus in Nanjing, in China’s eastern Jiangsu province, featured a combination of Beaux-Arts plan, local Chinese architectural styles and modern building techniques that both responded and contributed to rapid changes in the city’s socio-political context during the early twentieth century. Identifying and examining three trends in the planning and architectural design of the campus — westernisation, localisation and modernisation — this article argues that the university was actively involved in the transition of Nanjing from a regional urban centre of the Qing dynasty to the new capital of the Chinese republic (1912–49). The interaction of the three trends illuminates how a Chinese Christian university, as a new type of institution without parallels in traditional Chinese society, used western and Chinese theories and resources to produce modern educational space. The university’s efforts to modernise in the face of Nanjing’s then poor urban infrastructure and nascent building industry happened at various levels from infrastructure to tectonics, often achieved through the collective efforts of the western superintendent and Chinese workers and contractors. Influencing later attempts to modernise urban space and to develop a new architecture suitable for the new era in the country, the project represents a transitional moment in the architectural history of modern China when the cross-cultural exchange of knowledge between east Asia and the west brought new possibilities to Chinese buildings and cities.</p
Foresters, Landholders, Trespassers, and Hunters: Women in the Medieval English Forest
No full textWhen we think of a woman in the medieval English forest, the person most likely to spring to mind is Maid Marian, the love interest of the legendary outlaw, Robin Hood. Disappointingly for medievalists, Maid Marian was an early modern addition to the ballads about this famous figure. Yet, the royal forests in thirteenth-century England were, in fact, home to many women (and men) from all social backgrounds, very few of whom were the wellborn lovers of outlaws. Women appear in the surviving records, instead, alongside their male kin, acquaintances, neighbors, and employers, as residents of and visitors to forest areas, some of whom fell afoul of forest law by hunting game without permission or damaging the vert (a term referring to forest vegetation). Although the royal forests of medieval England, their administration, and the exploitation of their natural resources have received considerable attention from modern scholars, the place of women in forest society remains curiously neglected as a subject for study. There has also been a tendency to dismiss women as active participants in forest culture, notably in relation to hunting. Utilising extant forest records primarily from the thirteenth century, this article offers fresh perspectives on the range of activities in which women engaged as officials, landholders, and inhabitants in English medieval royal forests. After providing a brief overview of royal forest administration, it analyses the roles and responsibilities fulfilled by women who lived in, or who ventured into, forest areas, together with their documented transgressions against the vert and the venison.</p
Long-Term Monitoring and Hydraulic Modelling of a Natural Flood Management site in Lincolnshire
No full textFlooding is the most common disaster globally, with 44% of the natural hazards between 2000 and 2019, being attributed to flooding. This issue is only predicted to worsen in the future. This has led to the conceptualization and increased use of the Natural Flood Management (NFM) approach to tackle flooding issues, which signifies a paradigm shift towards comprehensive, ecosystem-centered flood management approaches. NFM goes beyond simply favouring natural techniques over traditional methods, it also embraces a strategy that harnesses the interconnectedness of natural systems to bolster flood resilience and minimize risks. Despite their widespread implementation, there exists a notable gap in scientific research concerning the long-term monitoring of these measures, and how effective they are in groundwater-dominated catchments. In 2018, eight storage ponds were dug on the floodplain of the Nettleham Beck, Lincolnshire. The stream and pond have been monitored since 2019 with water level sensors, and a 2D hydraulic modelling with Caesar-Lisflood has been carried out under a range of scenarios. Results indicate that the storage pond’s ability to store excess water is impacted by groundwater level, specifically in late winter and spring. A hysteresis analysis identified a lag time between the channels filling and the pond’s filling, with differences in lag time being highlighted in periods likely influenced by groundwater. The results of the hydraulic modelling highlight how improvements made to a pond’s storage capacity and its connectivity to the main channel, would have a negligible impact on reducing the peak flow. Overall, the results shed light on the importance of considering groundwater levels and processes in planning and delivering NFM projects. Also, the study highlights the importance of undertaking monitoring before the implementation of NFM projects and the relevance of long-term monitoring. To accurately assess and quantify the effectiveness of NFM projects in different settings, long-term monitoring is crucial for gathering evidence that can further justify the implementation of NFM interventions.</p
Enhancing wellbeing in cancer care: Engagement in smart-messaging programmes for symptom management
No full textAbstract
Background: Despite improved survival rates, cancer patients often face physical and mental health challenges during and post-treatment. With cancer care services under pressure, these issues may go unnoticed. Holistic Needs Assessments attempt to address such problems but can have limited impact, necessitating corresponding interventions. Automated, personalised text-messaging interventions, successful in health monitoring, may be an effective solution but evidence is lacking on their integration into cancer care settings.
Objective: To explore the feasibility and engagement in personalised smart-messaging programmes to manage common cancer-related issues.
Methods: Recruitment occurred via clinician referrals and flyers in cancer care services. Qualitative and quantitative
methods explored engagement data, clinical outcome measures, and qualitative interviews. A workshop involving patients and referring staff explored factors affecting programme implementation.
Results: Twenty-seven patients enrolled, exhibiting varied engagement levels. Some participants reported symptom
reduction particularly linked to higher engagement. The analysis of qualitative interviews on participant experience of the programmes resulted in themes related to enrolment rationale, sustaining engagement, and participation outcomes; and factors facilitating engagement included the practical and psychological dimensions of programme delivery. Twenty-seven participants responded to 49.95% of messages where responses were possible across 42.90% of enrolled days. The workshop emphasised the need for improved promotional materials and staff training.
Conclusion: A tailored text messaging intervention shows promise in alleviating cancer-related symptoms, yet enrolment and active engagement remain obstacles. Enhanced promotional strategies are required to increase programme visibility and impact. Further research and integration into routine care are recommended.</p
The 1262 rotulo de puramento (TNA E 101/249/10)/Der rotulo de puramento von 1262 (TNA E 101/249/10)
No full text The 1262 rotulo de puramento is a rich source for Anglo-Jewish history. It lists more than a thousand debts with a face value of more than 3,300 pounds. This article explores the administrative structures which led to its production. Additionally, a full discussion of the debts which it lists is provided. As a result, the difference in scale between different Jewish creditors and communities is seen. Likewise, it is possible to map the debts by centre of production of county in which the debtor was resident. The granular detail of the roll is examined at length here. </p
Oculomotor control in children with sensory processing difficulties
No full textBackground: Atypically developing children often present with a variety of sensory processing difficulties (SPD) which have been proposed to reflect abnormal development of pathways integrating sensation and action. A brain system in which the process of sensorimotor integration is particularly well understood is the oculomotor system, but no studies to date have used computerised eye tracking to assess eye movements in children with SPD.Method: 10 children with SPD completed a battery of oculomotor tasks comprising Pro saccades, Anti saccades, Smooth Pursuit tracking and Sustained fixation. Eye movements were recorded using a high resolution eye tracker.Results Compared to age-matched controls, SPD children were found to make more directional errors in the anti saccade task and less accurate smooth pursuit and sustained fixation.Conclusion Consistent differences were found in oculomotor ability in children with SPD which are likely to impact children’s ability to process and respond to visual information within home and school contexts. Further research is needed to understand the relationship between oculomotor deficits in children with SPD and the presence / absence of neurodevelopmental diagnoses. Eye tracking may be of value in the future for assessment and objective evaluation of interventions for SPD such as sensory integration therapy.</p
How Role Overload Influence Project Commitment and Citizenship Behavior? The Curvilinear effect from an Activation Theory and Sensemaking Perspective
No full textThis study investigated the impact of role overload on project commitment and project citizenship behavior in the presence of positive affect as mediating mechanism. Data were collected from 240 respondents working on projects in different project-based organizations of Pakistan. Surprisingly, results revealed the curvilinear relationship between role overload and project commitment as well as project citizenship behavior. Further results confirmed the mediating role of positive affect between role overload and project commitment as well as project citizenship behavior. Role overload is a double edge sword, it can motivate subordinates, but at the same time it can also deteriorate their involvement in work and performance. </p
Cold-Blooded Cognition: Recent advances in reptile cognition and their implications
No full textThe field of animal cognition has traditionally focused on mammalian and avian species. However, to gain a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of cognition it is imperative that we investigate comparable questions across a range of taxa. In this context reptiles are particularly interesting since they represent a key amniotic Class and are thus important for understanding how cognition has evolved in this clade. In this review we will summarize recent advances in the field of reptile cognition and then go on to highlight key future areas for research, focusing on both fundamental questions in cognitive science and the application of cognition to current challenges, including welfare and conservation.</p