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Assessment of Waste Management Practice on Liveability in Ibadan, Nigeria.
Get PDFOne of the challenges of urbanisation is improper management of huge amounts of waste generated in most urban areas. This has led to various environmental challenges that threaten sustainable development. In view of the above, the study assessed waste management practices on city liveability in Ibadan, Nigeria. This was done by analysing the existing waste management practices in Ibadan through the public, private and informal sectors. Also, waste disposal and management techniques in Ibadan were examined. The methodology adopted involved the collection of waste data in Ibadan through secondary source and the data were used to forecast future waste generation and propose a resilient waste management system. The study found out that, collection of waste was the most challenging and most expensive aspect of waste disposal practice; it accounted for about80% of the total disposal cost. The challenges of waste management in Ibadan include: unamenable control of existing settlement patterns, poor staffing and inadequate technical know-how, poor funding, bad planning and poor legal framework. The study discovered that, methods of waste disposal in Ibadan were unhygienic and unsafe. Most of the wastes deposited were burnt to reduce the volume of waste generated. To ameliorate these environmental hazards, the study suggested that the government should embark on a habitual campaign on the dangers of haphazard waste disposal, provide good circulation in the core areas, ensure public participation in waste management, provide adequate funding for waste management, promote waste to wealth initiative and ensure constant enforcement for proper management that ensure liveability
Asset Optimization Problem In A Financial Institution
No full textThis paper looked at how a financial institution could optimally allocate its total wealth among three assets namely; treasury, security and loan in a stochastic interest rate setting. The optimal investment strategy was derived through the application of a stochastic optimization theory for the case of constant relative risk aversion (CRRA) utility function. Next,numerical examples using published data obtained from CBN statistical bulletin and Nigeria Stock Exchange Fact Book was presented to illustrate the dynamics of the optimal investment strategy. From the results it was seen that the optimal investment strategy was to shift the financial institution investment away from the risky assets (security and loan) toward the riskless asset (treasury). Also the investment in security and loan was observed to be more risky as the volatility increased.The results further showed that there is increased investment in the risky assets as the investor became less risk averse
Some Forecast Asymmetric GARCH Models for Distributions with Heavy Tails
No full textCrude oil prices are inuenced by a number of factors that are far beyond the traditionalsupply and demand dynamics such as West Texas Intermediate (WTI), Brent and Dubai. Thehigh frequency crude oil data exhibit non-constant variance. This paper models and forecaststhe exhibited uctuations via asymmetric GARCH models with the three commonly used errordistributions: Student'stdistribution, normal distribution and generalized error distribution(GED). The Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) approach is used in the estimation ofthe asymmetric GARCH family models. The analysis shows that volatility estimates given bythe exponential generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (EGARCH) modelexhibit generally lower forecast errors in returns of WTI oil spot price while the asymmetricpower autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (APARCH) model exhibits lower forecasterrors in returns of Brent oil spot price, therefore they are more accurate than the estimatesgiven by the other asymmetric GARCH models in each returns.The results obtained fromthe volatility forecasts seem to be useful to oil future traders and policy makers who needto perceive apriori the eects of news on return volatilities before executing their trading,investments and political strategies for the economic wellbeing of the country
A Critical Investigation on Housing and Musical Noise Pollution in Selected Neighborhoods in Lagos, Nigeria
No full textMusical noise endangers the health, well-being and peaceful coexistence of people in neighbourhoods, particularly in the urban centers. Archival materials, library sources, unstructured interviews, observation and available statistics from government and its agencies were the data sources for this study. Simple random percentile revealed the presence of uncontrolled noise pollution, which was more pronounced in the high-density areas of Lagos such as Mushin, Oshodi, Ajegunle, and Alimosho, among others, when compared with the low-density areas of Ikoyi, Victoria Island, Lekki, and Banana Island. Several factors accounted for the prevalence of musical noise pollution in the low- and high-density areas of Lagos, including level of compliance with good neighbourliness, observance of basic social ethics, decorum and comportment, and educational level. The study suggests that government should promulgate more stringent laws to curb this social malaise and prosecute individuals and organisations that breach the law. Sustained public enlightenment should be carried out by relevant government agencies, communities and the people to create awareness on the inherent dangers of loud and uncontrolled music. Emphasis is on the urgent need for urban renewal in the zoning, design and construction of residential buildings, particularly in areas regarded as slums
Implications of Improper Sewage Management on Public Health: A Case Study of Kosofe Local Government Area, Lagos State
No full textSewage management and its implications on public health remain one of the major challenges of urbanisation faced by developing countries such as Nigeria. As a member of the United Nations (UN), Nigeria is actively involved in ensuring achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially those that have direct impact on human health and liveability of dwellings in urban and periurban settlements. The sanitary state of an area is largely influenced by the waste handling practices of residents and involves measures for safe waste evacuation and disposal. This study examined sewage management in the low-income settlement of Agboyi-Ketu, Lagos State. In the sampling area, 21 streets were selected using a stratified sampling technique while 105 buildings were chosen via systematic sampling, after which copies of an interview-administered questionnaire were distributed to respondents. It was found that most of the buildings erected close to the nearby water body did not have septic tanks but had either a pit toilet or a non-functional water closet. Some residents openly defecated into the nearby stream and a number of households with septic tanks disposed their sewage in the stream through sewer pipes, thereby polluting the water. Microbiological analyses were carried out on water samples collected from the area (ground water and surface water) to ascertain their level of potability. It was observed that the underground water and surface water samples were highly contaminated with enteric microorganisms such as E.coli, Klebsiella spp, Pseudomonas spp and Saccharomyces spp, thus making such water unfit for drinking. The study therefore suggests that more efforts should be made to ensure proper sewage disposal in the area to reduce the negative environmental health impacts for which the majority of residents are responsible. If the situation is addressed, then SDG 3 will be attained, i.e., to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. There will be a reduction in the spread of infectious and communicable waterborne diseases such as tuberculosis, malaria, cholera, hepatitis A, leptospirosis, and typhoid fever. It is also expected that by 2030, SDG 11—making cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable—will be achieved, thereby reducing the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities by paying special attention to municipal and other forms of waste management in cities such as Lagos
Language, Identity and the Black Diaspora: Isidore Okpewho’s Call Me By My Rightful Name
No full textThis paper uses Okpewho’s tour-de-force, Call Me By My Rightful Name to explore the dynamics of language vis-à-vis identity (or more accurately, identities) and the crucial issue of diasporality. It examines how Okpewho charts the fate of the black man from the dawn of consciousness through the dark past of slavery and the Slave Trade to the present time, showing the role of memory, the stubborn tenacity of the oral tradition and the contested nature of the concept of the Self. The paper argues the need for greater understanding and respect from western centres/institutions of learning through the teaching of and research in African/African-American letters
A Study of the Demonization of Black Women and the Myth of Black Female Sexuality in the Prose Narratives of José Lins Do Rego
No full textThis paper analyses the demonization of black women and the myth of black female sexuality in selected prose works – Menino de Engenho (1932), Doidinho (1933), Bangüê (1934), O Moleque Ricardo (1935) and Usina (1936) - of the Brazilian regionalist writer José Lins do Rego. Following the gains of Modernism, Brazilian writers embarked on the rehabilitation of the non-European segment of Brazilian population, especially Afro-Brazilian blacks and mulattoes. However, the image of the black Brazilian woman (slave and ex-slave) depicted in this literature is full of stereotypical notions about her comportment and sexuality: devilishness, animality, a sexual/sensual creature par excellence, etc. The study discloses the realities behind the racial stereotypes, which are masked and misrepresented by the white Brazilian writer in his portrayal of black figures. It also debunks these racial and sexual notions as mere creations of the writer and the white segment of Brazilian society, without any social or biological justification. Lins do Rego’s representation of black women as stereotypes are not justified, they are mere myths and falsehoods, made to bastardise the Afro-Brazilian and his image in the mainstream Brazilian literature written by whites. Indeed, the paper shows that the depiction of black women (and men) in racialistic and stereotypical manners are symptomatic of the hardened racial antagonisms prevalent in Brazil
Exploring Phonetic and Phonological Variation: RP and the Nigerian English Accent
No full textAlthough various studies into the intelligibility of speech have been conducted, limitations may be observed in terms of their basic paradigm. Many have focused on the measurement of the intelligibility of non-native English varieties to native speakers, being based on the premise that native speaker speech is inherently intelligible. In contrast, an attempt has been made here to assess the intelligibility of a native speaker accent (RP) from a non-native (Nigerian English) perspective. Involving British and Nigerian undergraduates selected from a British university and a Nigerian university, a hierarchy of the intelligibility of RP vowel phonemes is established. This not only provides evidence that intelligibility is a phenomenon which may be examined from a non-native speaker perspective, it also identifies specific features of RP segmental phonology which presents problems to Nigerians
Quand le Terme “Noir” Entre en Classe…
No full textAbstract
Language is inextricably linked to culture, in other words language learning also means acquiring its cultural knowledge. Neither the language teacher, nor the student-learner has a full knowledge of its culture. Our major concern in this study is to find out how best to simplify or facilitate the transmission of the didactics of culture within the context of French teaching and learning as a foreign language. We set out to do this by bringing to the classroom the word ‘’black’’, a term susceptible of having as many meanings or connotations as the number of divergent cultures represented in our classroom situation. Through carefully planned study on aspects of French culture, we consciously led Nigerian students of diversified cultural backgrounds into comparing their respective cultures with French culture with the following objectives: awakening in them their cultural identities; motivating them to, unconsciously, learn more about selected aspects of French culture, and identifying areas of similarities, first, between French and Nigerian cultures represented within the classroom and, secondly, between the Nigerian cultures present. Thus, acquiring new vocabulary as well as more cultural knowledge of others’ cultures, some aspects of which may not be so far from theirs, is significant. Résume
Une langue est indissociable de sa culture ; ce qui fait qu’apprendre une langue c’est aussi connaître les codes culturels. La culture s’avère difficile à apprécier aussi bien pour l’enseignant, transmetteur de connaissance que pour l’apprenant. Dans ce travail, nous cherchons à faciliter la didactique de la culture dans un contexte de FLE en faisant entrer dans la classe le terme ‘’noir’’ qui peut avoir différentes connotations selon les cultures en présence. Nous avons amené des apprenants nigérians de diverses cultures à la confrontation de leurs cultures à la culture française dans le but: de prendre conscience de leur identité d’apprécier la culture de la langue apprise en l’occurrence le français de repérer les points communs entre les cultures en présence et d’élargir leur champ de connaissance linguistique et d’apprécier la culture de l’autre qui peut être parfois si proche