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BLOCK BACKWARD DIFFERENTIATION FORMULA FOR CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY CONDITION IN HYDROMAGNETIC HEAT AND MASS TRANSPORT OVER A VERTICAL PLATE
No full textThis paper examines the solution of boundary condition for the convective surface for a hydromagnetic heat and mass transport over a vertical plate with the use of block method. Similarity solutions were used in converting the partial differential equations regulating the boundary layer into ordinary differential equations. The resultant coupled nonlinear system of ODE was then transformed into a set of equations of the first-order, which was subsequently solved numerically using block backward differentiation formula. The effects of key parameters including magnetic field (Ha), Biot number (Bi), Grashof number (Gr,Gc), and Schmidt number (Sc) on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles were examined. The results show that velocity decreases with higher magnetic field but thermal and solutal buoyancy forces; temperature rises with Biot number while Schmidt number reduces concentration boundary thickness. Numerical results demonstrate excellent agreement with existing results, confirming the accuracy of the method. Graphically, the influence of different fluid flow velocity characteristic were highlighted and other physical quantities presented
TACKLING YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT IN NIGERIA: THE ROLE OF 21ST CENTURY TEACHING AND LEARNING SKILLS
No full textYouth unemployment is a major issue threatening Nigeria’s developmental aspiration in the 21st century. Despite various government initiatives and empowerment schemes, the rate of joblessness among youth continues to escalate, primarily due to the persistent gap between the skills acquired through education and those required in the contemporary labour market. This paper explores the pivotal role of 21st-century teaching and learning skills in mitigating youth unemployment in Nigeria. It emphasizes the need for integrating critical thinking, creativity, communication, collaboration, digital literacy, and entrepreneurial skills into the learning process to significantly enhance employability, innovation, and self-reliance among youth.
The paper further highlights the urgency of shifting from traditional teacher-centered pedagogies to learner-centered approaches that foster inquiry, creativity, and practical problem-solving. Drawing from relevant scholarly perspectives, it argues that embedding 21st-century skills in curriculum design and instructional delivery is crucial for repositioning Nigeria’s education system as a driver of human capital development and economic transformation. The study concludes that the adoption of skill-based and technology-oriented teaching practices will empower Nigerian youths to evolve as job creators rather than job seekers, thereby advancing sustainable national development
THE ROLE OF FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT IN IMPROVING LEARNING OUTCOMES FOR UPPER PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS IN EDUCATIONAL DISTRICTS I AND II, LAGOS STATE
No full textIn modern educational discussions, formative assessment has become a crucial technique for enhancing learning outcomes, especially in primary education where core skills are established. This study examined the role of formative assessment in improving learning outcomes for upper primary school pupils in Educational Ddistricts I and II, Lagos, Nigeria. Using the descriptive survey research design, a carefully self-designed questionnaire was used to collect data from 200 randomly selected primary school teachers from Districts I and II. The questionnaire items were validated by experts and yielded a Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient of 0.827. The data collected were analysed using frequency distribution table and one sample t-test statistics, at 0.05 level of significance; with the aid of SPSS 21.0. The findings indicated that formative assessment procedures, often reflected in Nigeria’s practice of Continuous Assessment (CA), did not show a statistically significant impact on the academic achievement of upper primary pupils; formative assessment significantly improves engagement and motivation in learning among upper primary pupils; and that there are significant challenges faced by upper primary teachers in conducting formative assessments. Hence, this study recommends among others, that, government should establish ongoing professional development initiatives to enhance teachers' competencies in the design and execution of successful formative assessments; educational authorities should to incorporate formative assessment processes into policy frameworks in conjunction with summative methods; primary schools must be well equipped with instructional materials and technological instruments to mitigate implementation challenges
BOARD GENDER DIVERSITY AND FINANCIAL PRFORMANCE OF LISTED DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS
Full text linkIn developing countries such as Nigeria, the role of women is minimized at the economic and social strata; thus limiting their contribution in the society. The main aim of this study is therefore to examine the effect of board gender diversity on financial performance of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study sampled 12 listed deposit money banks and obtained data spanning from 2012 to 2022. The result of the regression analysis document that the proportion of female directors to total directors on the board has no significant negative effect on financial performance of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria while the presence of critical mass of female directors (at least three female directors) has a positive and significant effect on financial performance of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study recommends for the inclusion and participation of more women on the corporate board of banks in order to ensure that their impact are more felt on their financial performance
Responsiveness of Industrial Growth to External Debt Question in Nigeria
Full text linkA high level of industrial growth is associated with higher economic growth and development. Still the argument remains whether this mechanism is sustainable in Nigeria, given the low level of access to external capital flows and low domestic capital investment. The study, therefore, employed Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL), variance decompositions, and impulse response functions to examine the long-run effect of external debt on industrial growth in Nigeria. The study used time series data from 1985 to 2019, and the findings reveal that external debt has a negative and significant effect on industrial growth in the long run. The evidence from the sensitivity analysis also indicated a negative response of industrial growth to external debt. Consequently, policymakers in Nigeria must ensure effective management of external borrowing through evidence-based policies on external debt and domestic capital formation that can create enabling business environment and stimulate investors’ confidence to accelerate real industrial growth in Nigeria
Niche Marketing Strategies: Consumer Perceived Value and Willingness to Pay for Whole Wheat Bakery Products
Full text linkThis study examined the relationship between niche marketing strategies, consumer perceived value and willingness to pay for whole wheat bakery products. A correlational research design was adopted. Questionnaire was used to solicit opinion from respondents who are residents within Lagos state metropolis. Convenience sampling technique was adopted to survey respondents that are accessible and willing to participate in the survey. Pearson correlation and regression analysis were used to test the four hypotheses stated. Results of the analysis revealed that the three variables are significantly related to one another. Specifically, niche marketing strategies and perceived value (r= .540, p<.000), niche marketing strategies and consumer willingness to pay (r= .508, p<.000), and perceived value and consumer willingness to pay (r= .322, p<.000). Furthermore, the results showed that only niche marketing strategies predicted consumer willingness to pay (β=.472, t=5.190, p=.000), perceived value is not a predictor of consumer willingness to pay (β=.067, t=.742, p=.460) for whole wheat bakery products. The study concluded that niche marketing strategies is a potent strategy to compete effectively in the dynamic and growing competitiveness of business environment. On the basis of the findings, the study recommends that companies pursuing niche marketing should realize that niches are relatively too small to be served lucratively, hence, there is need for a customer database so as to keep track of customer preferences for improved relationship building. In addition, to effectively pursue niche marketing, firms should develop strong internal dynamic capabilities to serve as strong defensive barriers that will enable them to grow along with their market and possibly expand into other profitable market clusters
Intellectual Capital Disclosure, Financial Performance and Value of Listed Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria
Full text linkThe study systematically analyzed the effect of intellectual capital disclosure (IC) on the financial performance and value of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria. IC as used in this study consists of the aggregate of human capital (HC), relational capital (RC), and structural capital (SC). The study utilized data for a sample of 26 listed manufacturing firms listed on the NGX from 2018 to 2022. Regression was carried out on the data. The findings depict low IC disclosure among firms. Also, while ICD significantly impacted financial performance, there was no such evidence with respect to value of the firms. Hence, companies should adopt a more structured and comprehensive approach to intellectual capital disclosure as it contributes positively to firm financial performance
THE EFFECT OF EXTERNAL DEBT, EXTERNAL DEBT SERVICE, AND EXTERNAL RESERVE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA
Full text linkDespite numerous efforts to manage external debt, West African countries continue to experience rising debt levels, increasing debt service payments, and concerns about debt sustainability. It is critical to analyse whether external debt positively contributes to economic growth or whether excessive debt and debt service obligations undermine economic progress. This study examines the impact of external debt, external reserves, and external debt service on economic growth in selected English-speaking West and East African countries from 1980 to 2022. Using the Feasible Generalised Least Squares (FGLS) estimation technique, the study analyses how these macroeconomic factors influence Gross Domestic Product (GDP), measured in current U.S. dollars. Additionally, broad money as a percentage of GDP and deposit interest rates are control variables for financial sector dynamics. The empirical findings reveal that external debt, external reserves, and external debt service significantly and positively affect economic growth in the selected countries. The findings hold significant policy implications for regional governments and financial organisations. Responsible management of external debt, strategic accumulation of reserves, and adequate debt servicing policies can strengthen economic resilience and foster sustainable growth