1116 research outputs found
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Stochastic Analysis of Asset Values in Financial Markets: Effects of Drift and Volatility
No full textThe Stochastic Differential Equation (SDE) is well known prevailing mathematical tools used for the estimation of asset values over time. In particular, this paper considered stochastic systems with prominence on variations of stock parameters. These problems were solved analytically by implementing the Ito's method of solution where precise measures were given on the assessments of asset values. Therefore, the impressions on Tables for investors in financial markets were analyzed to demonstrate empirically the behavior of asset values when volatility increases. Also the expectations of each independent solution were obtained graphically. From the analysis we deduce that; increase in volatility decreases the value of assets, increase in volatility shows rise and fall in the assessments of asset values due to periodic parameter incorporated in the model, and finally describes the average value of the asset over time as it affects financial markets in time varying investments. This work presents a unique contribution and first-time approach that is, assessing asset values by modeling stock drift coefficients, with some constants and periodic event parameters
Optimization of Ion Concentrations in an Animal Cell: A Mathematical Model Approach
No full textThe increasing world population has raised significant concerns about matching food production to demand, prompting extensive research in scientific fields aimed at enhancing plant and animal productivity. However, some of these advances have introduced unintended consequences, such as uncontrolled cell growth that leads to cancer. Effective regulation of cell size is essential to maintaining organismal health. This study focuses on the utilization of a numerical method to develop a mathematical model that optimizes ion transport within an animal cell as a mechanism to ensure a physiologically healthy cell. Through this model, optimal ion concentrations were identified using MATLAB-SIMULINK. The results were validated using experimental data to ensure that they promote healthy cell growth and stability. The results provide valuable insights for treating disorders associated with abnormal cell growth initiated by unregulated ions concentration. This research contributes to understanding cellular homeostasis and lays the groundwork for future bioengineering applications
Fixed Point Theorems for Some Iteration Processes with Generalized Zamfirescu Mappings in Uniformly Convex Banach Spaces
No full textThe paper establish fixed point theorems for some iteration processes in uniformly convex Banach spaces with generalized Zamfirescu mappings. Our results improve a multitude of recent results in literature
Structure and Classification of Stable Quasi-Idempotents in Finite Transformation Semigroups
No full textThis article investigates the structure of stable quasi-idempotents ΞΎ of arbitrary defect d(ΞΎ) β₯ 1. We show that, unlike transpositions, stable quasi-idempotents generate the singular transformation semigroups Tβ\Sβ and Pβ\Sβ, with the inclusion Tβ\Sβ β Pβ\Sβ. These semigroups are significant because every finite semigroup is either a subsemigroup or an embedding of them, highlighting the universality of Pβ. We classify stable quasi-idempotents in terms of their defects and path-cycle structures, establishing explicit enumerative formulas. In particular, a defect-1 stable quasi-idempotent of span s has rank βCβ = n!/((nβs)!s!). This classification clarifies the relationship between stable quasi-idempotents, idempotents, and quasi-idempotents, and provides a framework for analyzing the subsemigroups they generate. Our results connect classical work on transformation semigroups with new enumerative and structural insights
Socio-economic deprivation and intended migration abroad among Abuja residents in North Central, Nigeria.
Full text linkOut-migration of Nigerians has become a persistent global issue, contributing to brain drain and shortages of skilled professionals in different sectors such as healthcare, information technology, engineering, and education. Despite growing concerns about this situation, little has been done to address the root causes of migration in Nigeria adequately. Unfortunately, many Nigerians are of the view that migration is the only viable solution to socio-economic challenges such as limited employment opportunities, poor infrastructure, inadequate social support, and systemic inequality. This study, therefore, investigates migration in Nigeria, with a focus on socio-economic deprivation. N-100 structured questionnaires were distributed in Abuja. The following research questions were addressed: What form of socio-economic deprivation do Nigerians experience? How do these deprivations influence their decisions to migrate? What are the most effective ways to mitigate these deprivations? To address these questions, primary data were collected through key informant interviews and qualitative analysis of social media discussions on migration, while secondary data were drawn from relevant literature. The study is framed within the confines of the relative deprivation and push-pull theories of Migration as expanded by contemporary scholars. The study examines the relationship between socio-economic deprivation and the intention to migrate abroad among residents of Abuja, Nigeria. Focusing on socio-economic deprivation indices, the study employed an explanatory concurrent mixed-methods design (QUAN-qual) using purposive sampling. Data were collected from 100 intended migrants in Abuja through questionnaires and from 6 key informants via interviews. Quantitative data were analysed with SPSS using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were analysed with Atlas. The thrust of the paper is that socio-economic deprivation indices are the driving force for intended emigration among Abuja residents in North-central Nigeria. The study therefore recommends viable citizen-driven policies to address the underlying challenges of emigration in Nigeria.
 
Financial Integration and Financial Development: Evidence from Sub-Saharan African (SSA) Countries.
Full text linkThe study examined the effects of financial integration on financial development for 49 Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries for the period 2002 to 2021. Five independent metrics of financial development and two financial integration measures were utilized to ensure robustness of the anticipated results. Using a dynamic panel GMM-SYS estimation technique, it was discovered that the impacts of financial integration on financial development in SSA are highly dependent on the proxies employed to capture these two variables of financial integration. Financial integration has a beneficial influence on private sector credit, domestic credit, liquid liabilities, and finance size, when proxied by the interest rate spread. However, this measure of financial integration limits the volume of financial activity of financial intermediaries as itβs negatively correlated. Similarly, when measured using gross private capital flows, financial integration has statistically positive effects on financial development as measured by liquid liabilities but has a negative impact on financial development as measured by finance activity and financial size in Sub-Saharan African nations. The general implication of these findings is that the influence of financial integration on financial development in SSA is complex. However, before reaching a firm conclusion about the relationship between these two variables, several transmission mechanisms by which former influences the latter, as well as their various proxies, must be considered
DOES TRADE LIBERALIZATION AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT INDUCE ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION IN SELECTED WEST AFRICAN SUB-REGIONS?
Full text linkThis study examined the effect of trade liberalization and foreign direct investment on environmental degradation within the selected West African sub-region. The data employed in analyzing the result covers the period 1996 to 2022. Fully modified ordinary least squares and dynamic ordinary least squares were employed in estimating the models. The study's findings indicate a negative and insignificant influence of trade liberalization and foreign direct investment on environmental degradation, indicating that trade liberalization and foreign direct investment reduced environmental degradation. Again, the interaction of trade liberalization and foreign direct investment reduced environmental degradation. Other results confirmed that fossil fuel energy consumption positively enhanced environmental degradation, although renewable energy consumption significantly reduced pollution. Based on the empirical findings, since trade liberalization and foreign direct investment reduce environmental degradation as fossil fuel energy consumption increase environmental degradation, implies that ECOWAS governments institute environmental laws following the race to the top theory to discourage fossil fuel energy usage and push for more renewable energy as it reduces incessant pollution within the region
Implications of Earnings Management on the Firm Value of Listed Non-Financial Firms in Nigeria
Full text linkThis study examined the implications of earnings management on the value of sampled Nigerian non-financial firms. While earnings management was measured through accrual earnings management (ACEM) and real earnings management (REM) from production, the firm value was measured with Tobin Q. Data used were generated from a sample of sixty-nine (69) non-financial firms in Nigeria. In line with the outcomes of specification tests, fixed effect panel regression was employed in testing the hypotheses. The results of the panel regression technique indicate that while accrual earnings management recorded insignificant negative influence on Tobin Q (t=-0.75; p>0.05), real earnings management was found to exerts significant negative influence on Tobin Q (t=-2.56; p<0.05). The study thus concludes that earnings management through real activities is detrimental to the market value of Nigerian listed non-financial firms. Hence, the recommendation that emanates from this study is that EM practice among Nigeria non-financial firms should be discouraged as it discourages investors and thus hinders the firm value and long run growth of the firm by extension
THE EFFECTS OF MACROECONOMIC RISK FACTORS ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN NIGERIA.
Full text linkThis study analyses how macroeconomic risk factors impact foreign direct investment in Nigeria. The data used covers the period from 1990 to 2021. Macroeconomic risk factors were measured by interest rates, exchange rates, trade openness, and GDP growth. The findings reveal that interest rates, exchange rates, trade openness, and GDP growth have no long-run effect on foreign direct investment. Furthermore, interest rates and trade openness have a significant positive short-run effect on foreign direct investment. The exchange rate has a significant negative short-run effect on foreign direct investment, while GDP growth has no significant short-run effect on foreign direct investment. The study recommends that the government create a positive economic environment to attract foreign investors
IMPROVING ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL BIOLOGY THROUGH ANALOGY INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGY IN ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA
No full textThis study investigates the effect of analogy instructional strategy on studentsβ academic performance in senior secondary school in biology in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Two research questions were raised and two null hypotheses were formulated and tested at a 0.05 level of significance the study. Quasi-experimental design of pre-test, post-test, non-equivalent, control group design was adopted. The population of the study was 25,375 SSII biology students across five education zone of Adamawa State. A sample of 172 SSII biology students from two intact classes were purposively selected for the study. A biology Performance Test (BPT) adapted from WAEC past questions from 2020-2024 and subjected to face and content validation was used to collect data for the study. The BPT scores were subjected to K-R 21 to determine the reliability of the instrument. The reliability index of 0.83 was obtained for BPT. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation and ANCOVA was used to test the hypotheses. The findings of the study revealed that: there was a significant effect of analogy strategy and traditional method on the mean performance score of students in biology (F(1, 170) =147.350, P<0.05). There was a significant interaction effect of treatment and gender on studentsβ performance in biology ( F(1, 170)= 6.301, P<0.002). Based on the findings it was recommended that, Biology teachers should be encouraged to teach biology content using analogy instructional strategy putting gender into consideration. Government should organized workshops for biology teachers to improve their teaching effectiveness