International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education (IJCRSEE)
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Russian and Chinese Students: Proactive Behaviour and Economic Activity Characteristics
Get PDFThe relevance of the study of young people’s economic behaviour features is beyond doubt, because the younger generation is the future social capital and economically active population of any country. The purpose of the presented study was to identify the specifics of proactive behaviour and economic activity (as indicators of economic behaviour), their demonstration and interrelation among Russian and Chinese students. One hundred and two Russian and Chinese students took part in the study. The following techniques were used: 1) “Proactive behaviour” Methodology by A.I. Yerzin; 2) “Questionnaire of economic activity” by E.V. Zabelina and Yu.V. Chestyunina; 3) “Questionnaire of subjective economic well-being” by V.A. Khashchenko; 4) “Monetary attitudes” Questionnaire by B. Klonts and T. Klonts adapted by D.A. Bayazitova and T.A. Lapshova. Mathematical analysis methods: Mann-Whitney U-test and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. The results showed that the indicators of proactive behaviour demonstrated by the Russian students were higher than those demonstrated by Chinese students. The cognitive economic activity indicators were higher among the Chinese students. The Chinese students appeared to be more vigilant and careful with finances. The Russian students showed better results in experiencing a lack of financial resources. The specificity of economic behavior in Russian students is manifested through internal behavioral determination and constructive proactivity. Chinese students demonstrate cognitive economic activity and responsibility in relation to money. Based on the acquired results, the paper presents recommendations for the Russian and Chinese students’ economic behaviour development and correction
Deformation of University Management in Russia in the Context of the Implementation of Managerial Ideology
Get PDFThe article raises the issue of whether managerialism can improve the efficiency of university management. Managerial management was adopted in Russia to promote the intensification of three types of professional activity of teachers: research work, educational process and socialization of students. It was assumed that the more teachers perform various types of work within the framework of their professional employment, the more the efficiency of management will grow. For these purposes, universities began to function as a quasi-market corporation, in which each actor had their own personal KPI. Its implementation and subsequent growth of indicators were considered as a guarantee of increasing managerial efficiency. The authors express the opinion that such an approach is erroneous in relation to such types of activities where flow assessment of quality is impossible. It is an unsuccessful example of the transfer to higher education of those practices that have developed in commercial corporations. In this regard, the authors put forward a hypothesis according to which Russian universities under managerial management have partially lost their traditional goals: to teach a profession, create scientific innovations, and introduce students to culture. To confirm this hypothesis, a universal model of effective university management was developed. Four empirical indicators were defined on its basis: 1) clear articulation of goals; 2) provision of sufficient resources to achieve goals; 3) reliable system of control over the use of resources; 4) social significance of the manufactured product. A survey of university teachers in six regions of the south of Russia (sample population - 849 respondents) showed that managerial management unreasonably commercializes the professional activities of teachers, that the overwhelming majority of employees of educational organizations do not have sufficient resources to fulfill their KPIs, that there is mass falsification and imitation of the results of professional activity, that the academic community has lost its subjectivity, is under pressure from university administrations and, therefore, is unable to perform the function of proper control over the quality of educational and scientific activities. A general conclusion is made according to which under the conditions of managerial management the goals of universities have ceased to be achieved. Consequently, from an economic point of view, state financing of the overwhelming majority of Russian universities seems to be an unprofitable and unpromising undertaking
Preservice Teachers’ Level of Knowledge on Elements and Rationale for Nature of Science: Towards Advancing Quality Instruction
Get PDFThis study investigates preservice teachers’ knowledge of elements and rationale for Nature of Science (NOS). Skill gap is established in the literature on pedagogical practices of preservice as well as novice teachers of science, reflecting deficiency in their professional training and eventual classroom practice. Examining preservice teachers’ knowledge in these aspects (elements & rationale) of NOS through a quasi-experiment of one-group pretest and post-test design was done. Instructional intervention over two years along with assignments and presentation with researchers as moderators on the science pedagogy module (History of Science and Philosophy of Science) serves as stimuli over the period. Three research questions and two hypotheses were raised to guide this study. One hundred and thirty-six (112 Life Science and 24 Physical Science) preservice teachers were the participants. Element of NOS (ENOS) and Rationale for NOS (RNOS) were the instruments. Reliability of the instruments yielded Cronbach alpha values of .83, .91 and .86 across dimensions of clarity, coherence and relevance by fifteen experienced science educators. Data was analysed using t-test and ANCOVA. The study found the intervention to effectively improve the knowledge of elements and rationale for NOS. Better prepared teachers (More Knowledge Order [MKO] have the potential to improved Zone of Proximal Development [ZPD] in learners) by implication have the competence to guide learners for qualitative and effective learning. The instruments in this study is recommended for foundational training of preservice teachers on NOS for enhanced instruction
Exploring Influential Factors and Conditions Shaping Statistical Literacy Among Undergraduate Students in Mathematics Education
Get PDFStatistical literacy (hereafter SL) has been considered an important learning outcome in statistics learning in higher education, yet studies that focus on investigating the factors and conditions that influence students’ SL, especially mathematics education students, are still limited. This study seeks to uncover the factors and conditions that significantly contribute to the SL of mathematics education students. This survey study involved 1,287 mathematics education students from 21 higher education institutions in Indonesia. Linear regression analysis involving four predictor variables (i.e., gender, status of higher education institution, laptop ownership, and research preference) was performed to determine the variables that contributed significantly in predicting SL achievement. The results revealed that gender, higher education institution’s status, and laptop ownership contributed significantly, but research preference was not significant in predicting mathematics education students’ SL. Furthermore, laptop ownership was found to have the highest contribution in predicting mathematics education students’ SL. All findings and their implications are discussed
Genetic Correlates of Behavioral Self-Control: COMT and DRD2 Associations with Self-Regulation, Reflection and Meaningfulness of life in Women
Get PDFThe objective of our study was to investigate the genetic predictors of self-regulation and related characteristics indicative of a higher level of rational behavior control. The study 107 female participants aged between 22 and 52 years, with an average age of 33.5 years (Russian Federation). In order to measure level of self-regulation and other characteristics corresponding to a higher level of rational behavioral control the following psychological tests were employed: the “Differential Type of Reflection” questionnaire (Leontyev D.A.), the “Style of Self-Regulation of Behavior” questionnaire (Morosanova, Kholopova, 1995), and the Test of Life-Meaning Orientations (D.A. Leontyeva, 1988). Genotyping was use to examine polymorphisms of the COMT, DRD2 genes. Our findings demonstrate significant differences in the level of systemic reflection among carriers of different genotypes of the DRD2 and COMT genes. The highest level of systemic reflection in carriers of the CC genotype for the DRD2 gene and a heterozygous variant of the COMT gene suggests a balance between the elevated dopaminergic activity characteristic of the CC DRD2 genotype and moderate COMT activity, fostering optimal dopamine metabolism
The Role and Importance of Quality of Life among Preschool Children as a Prerequisite for a Positively Oriented Upbringing
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to evaluate the health-related quality of life (QoL) in a sample of healthy preschool children in the Republic of Croatia and comment on whether and how the research results open the preconditions for positive individual scenarios of the future related to positively oriented upbringing. The Pediatric quality of life inventory generic core scales (PedsQLTM) was completed by 230 healthy preschool children (5-6 years old) and their parents as a proxy-report. The data was descriptively analysed first. Reliability was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha. The statistically significant difference between the PedsQLTM scales (physical, emotional, social, kindergarten and psychosocial functioning) for preschool children and their parent’s proxy-report were analysed. The PedsQLTM scale score means for children’s self-report ranged 71.32-76.49, with the total score was 74.53. Score means for their parent’s proxy-report scale ranged 73.59-85.46, with the total score of 80.93. All the self-report and proxy-report scales showed satisfactory reliability with Cronbach’s alpha varying between 0.64 and 0.89. Statistically significant difference between scales in self-report and proxy-report was for physical (t=-7.12, p<0.01), social (t=-6.42, p<0.01) and school functioning (t=-2.62, p<0.01) as well as psychosocial (t=-4.82, p<0.01) and total health (t=-6.85, p<0.01). The Croatian PedsQLTM is valid and reliable generic pediatric health-related QoL measurement that can be recommended for children’s self-reports and their parent’s proxy-reports. The results of the research open a precondition for positive individual scenarios of the future related to positively oriented upbringing
Performances of the e-Nauka Portal in the Republic of Serbia and Its Significance for Researchers
Get PDFIn recent years, digitalization has been recognized as a significant and necessary process that leads to better results, both in the education and in the scientific research. The legal and strategic framework in the Republic of Serbia follows the modern trends of the concept of open science, open knowledge, digital transformation and a unique digital format of scientific production. The Ministry of science, technological development and innovation, in cooperation with the Office for information technology and electronic administration, created the necessary conditions for dynamic the development of the scientific research and innovation system, especially in relation to the digitalization process and the establishment of an information platform, in the form of a unified national information system of scientific research activities: eNauka [eScience]. The concept of eNauka is an innovative tool that improves the efficiency and transparency of scientific processes in Serbia. The eNauka portal in the Republic of Serbia is dedicated to promoting scientific research, innovation and academic achievements within the scientific community of the Republic of Serbia. This portal provides access to scientific articles, research papers and academic publications authored by researchers from Serbia, which enables the spread of knowledge and the encouragement of scientific cooperation within the country. The eNauka portal was opened in full capacity for all active researchers in Serbia on July 3, 2023, and contains data on scientific research organizations in the Republic of Serbia, researchers and their scientific results. The goal of this paper was to bring closer to the academic community the capabilities and performance of the eNauka portal, its structure, the way and importance of data editing, with special reference to issues related to researchers’ profiles and their editing. The paper is methodologically based on a theoretical, preliminary desk analysis of relevant contemporary standpoints in domestic and foreign theory, a normative analysis of current legislative sources, an inductive and deductive approach in researching the operational performance and advantages of the eNauka portal, as well as the quantitative analysis of relevant statistical indicators of relevant parameters regarding the profile that each researcher has on the eNauka portal. The results include the analysis of data related to editing the researcher’s profile and the opportunities offered by the eNauka portal. The conclusion refers to the importance and advantages of the eNauke portal. Finally, it should be noted that one of the key functions of eNauka is the evaluation of scientific results. More precisely, the system provides the possibility of monitoring and evaluating research results, which is of great importance for the academic community
Mapping the Trajectory of Popular Culture: From Rock Album Narratives to Video Game Transmediality
Get PDFPopular culture is not a coherent concept; it lacks an organic whole and is subject to change. It is neither fixed nor concrete, with its modus operandi rooted in everyday life. It does not possess a definitive meaning, as it is constantly being redefined and reevaluated, and the canon of pop culture works is continually expanding. During its heyday in the 1960s, pop culture evolved, shaping both its passive and active roles. The passive (mass) aspect reflects a tendency to act as a “mirror” of reality, as it is and as it should be, adding a certain degree of glamour within the entertainment industry, major Hollywood productions, and politically correct celebrities. The active aspect relies on the potential for social action within pop culture. Pop culture has become capable of supporting and leading significant cultural changes, such as in music, film, literature, and shifting social attitudes toward war and destruction, family, religion, and other critical issues since the 1960s. In the 21st century, the activity, vitality, and relevance of pop culture are based on technology, AI, and video gaming. Other narratives become allusive and outdated, yet they still define the modes of life of the era. This paper aims to first investigate and define the trajectory of popular culture and, consequently, to project the future directions and modalities we can expect, considering the increasing significance and impact of popular culture juxtaposed with elite culture
Management and Organization of Human Resources in Science and Technology of the Republic of Serbia
Get PDFThe subject of this paper is human resources in the field of science and technology in the Republic of Serbia. The aim is to establish the state and tendencies regarding the number and structure of human resources in the mentioned field. Accordingly, several research questions were defined. Open data (2018-2021) of the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia were used. The results showed that the average number of employees who have either higher education or are employed in the field of science and technology was 991.9 thousand and on average their number was growing. The majority were women, whose number and share increased on average. The average number of employees who have higher education and are employed in the field of science and technology was 501.4 thousand and their number was growing on average, including people of both genders. The majority were women, whose share was constant with a tendency to minimal decrease. The average number of employees aged 15-74 who are employed in the field of science and technology was 731.2 thousand and on average their number was growing, including persons of both genders. The majority were women, whose share was constant with a tendency to minimal increase. The most important sector in the field of science and technology was education. It is concluded that there are positive tendencies regarding the number of human resources in the field of science and technology in Serbia, especially when it comes to women
Implicit Theories of Teachers About the Importance of Teaching Music
Get PDFContemporary pedagogical literature emphasizes holistic upbringing and education, with the goal of developing the overall personality of students. In this regard, the aim of this study is to explore and determine how teachers perceive the importance of teaching music. This research was conducted in the second semester of the 2022/2023 school year on with a sample of Republic of Srpska primary school teachers (N=10). Empirical data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted both online and in person; a protocol with open-ended questions was developed. The data were analyzed using the method of qualitative thematic analysis. The research results show that teachers perceive music education positively and emphasize its importance for the comprehensive development of students. Additionally, teachers believe that certain changes are needed in the music curriculum, although they emphasize that they have freedom in choosing content in all teaching areas. There is a prevailing opinion among teachers which indicates the need for an increased focus of the educational system towards music education in the lower grades of primary school