International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education (IJCRSEE)
Not a member yet
510 research outputs found
Sort by
Base Rate Neglect Bias: Can it be Observed in HRM Decisions and Can it be Decreased by Visually Presenting the Base Rates in HRM Decisions?
Get PDFThe aim of this experimental research was to explore if the future HR managers are susceptible to the base rate neglect (BRN) bias and if the visual presentation of the base rates improves their reasoning. The BRN bias is a tendency to disregard a priori probabilities that are explicitly given for the class of observed objects. In this study, BRN is seen as the case of decision-making bias in the work-related context. Although it is inevitable part of the decision-making processes concerning employees`, the topic is not sufficiently studied. A total of 65 participants, enrolled in the master studies of HRM, were subjected to 4 different types of BRN tasks, in which five different HR activities were described. They were varied within subjects, representativeness of description, and format of base rate. Within each task there were five different situations that make 20 tasks in total. The two-way repeated-measures ANOVA revealed that the proportion of biased answers was significantly higher on the representative tasks when the tasks presented visually, with no interaction between representativeness and format of task. Results are in line with previous studies that observed an effect of BRN on decision-making process. Yet, unexpectedly, visual presentation of base rates did not facilitate unbiased reasoning implying that some other form of presentation might be more appropriate for the task
Effectiveness of Virtual Co-Teaching: A New Perspective on Teaching
Get PDFThe teaching method of virtual co-teaching helps the mutual sharing of new experiences and methods of pedagogues in teaching in formal education, through digital technologies. It also facilitates the involvement of practitioners in teaching, which can be a key mechanism for ensuring quality education. This article focused on comparing the effectiveness of co-teaching in two environments, face-to-face and virtual. In terms of methodology, an experiment was used, which was implemented in three independently selected schools, from which eight groups of thirty students were formed. The phenomenon measured was the level of understanding of the material taught during these lessons of history, mathematics and a foreign language. The test results of the individual groups were subsequently analyzed. From the results, we can confirm the null hypothesis based on the independent samples t-test and the Mann-Whitney U test, which indicates that there is no statistically significant difference between the test results of the two groups. However, it is essential to emphasize the added value in virtual co-teaching, which is primarily in the economic aspect and flexibility. Specifically, it is a reduction in the cost of commuting, reduced time and easy availability of experts. These results form the basis for follow-up research that can focus on improving the quality of teaching using this method
Metacognitive Abilities and Socio-Psychological Adaptation of People of Mature Age: Features of Relationships
Get PDFThe analysis is aimed at determining characteristics of relationships between metacognitive abilities and socio-psychological adaptation in homogeneous cluster groups represented by people of mature age. The main research methods were: cluster analysis, which allows us to identify relatively homogeneous groups; “bootstrap” method to check the normality of the distribution. The study also used factor analysis to determine the relationship between the characteristics of metacognitive abilities and socio-psychological adaptation. The total following variance in the factor models (86.24%, 99.77%, and 100%) as well as the levels of predictive consistency (p≤0.01 to p≤0.05) reflect the reliability and significance of the results obtained. Data processing and interpretation were carried out using qualitative and quantitative statistical methods: Fisher’s angular transformation criterion (φ*) for comparing two samples according to the occurrence frequency of the effect which is interesting to the researcher; Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test (IBM SPSS Statistics).The results of the study allow us to talk about ambivalence in the manifestation of metacognitive abilities formation in people of mature age: on the one hand, a general tendency towards a decrease in the development of metacognitive abilities was discovered, on the other hand, an increase in the degree of structural organization of the entire metacognitive system was revealed in the process of growing up, which generally compensates for the natural decline of potential resource capabilities of adults. This ambiguity in the manifestation of metacognitive abilities is reflected in their relationship with indicators of socio-psychological adaptation of adults. The identified features of the relationship in terms of harmony/inconsistency, integrity, and the content of crystallizing factors generally indicate a multidimensional structure of the relationship between metacognitive abilities and socio-psychological adaptation, when only in some cases can we talk about a direct correlation of these variables: a high level of development of metacognitive abilities determines high social-psychological adaptation
The Application of Artificial Intelligence in Education – The Current State and Trends
Get PDFThe aim of this paper is to discuss the application of contemporary AI tools and technologies in education. The paper will mainly focus on a close examination of relevant academic literature as well as the current situation and methods of AI implementation in different sectors, finally, in education. Particularly, it was crucial that there were identified the major directions of applying AI in learning with an emphasis on learners and educators being the basic aspects of AI use within modern educational approaches. Secondly, some benefits and drawbacks concerning AI implementations in education supported by experiences from industry leaders and specific satisfaction measures among existing users, are analyzed. The most significant part covers integrating findings that show facts about artificial intelligence being used in education for 2024 like top online learning statistics for 2024, top AI statistics for 2024, and best AI plagiarism checkers for teachers in 2024 respectively. This includes evaluating teacher or instructor preparation skills to employ artificial intelligence (AI) tools and technology as well as ways students can learn how to use them without misuse towards quality education improvement
Sociodemographic Factors and Students’ Attitudes towards Integrated Instruction
Get PDFThe primary objective of the study was to ascertain the attitudes of final-year students in undergraduate academic and master’s academic studies at the University of Nis Faculty of Sport and Physical Education and the University of Pristina - Kosovska Mitrovica Teacher Education Faculty in Prizren - Leposavic toward the possibilities of integrating the learning contents of the subjects Serbian Language and Physical Education. The study aims to investigate views about integrated instruction and the incorporation of Serbian Language and Physical Education in the integrative curriculum based on several demographic criteria such as gender, age, faculty major, overall grade point average, and socioeconomic status. The research was conducted on a sample of 179 students. Descriptive techniques were used to determine the level of expression of basic variables, while a Linear Regression Model was employed for statistical inference testing of established hypothesis. The results obtained indicate a statistically significant correlation between attitudes towards integrated instruction and the incorporation of the Serbian Language in the integrative curriculum in relation to sociodemographic characteristics (Hypothesis 1 and 2). However, no statistically significant associations were found for attitudes towards the incorporation of Physical Education in the integrative curriculum concerning sociodemographic variables (Hypothesis 3)
Criminal Profiling as a Method of Detecting Lies in Nonverbal Communication
Get PDFThe exponential growth of crime, violence, and wrongdoing is linked to dysfunction in restraining aggressive impulses, leading to neglect and disrespect of others’ feelings, rights, and needs. Two basic forms of communication, verbal and nonverbal, serve individuals to interact and exchange ideas and attitudes with other people in everyday life situations, including within the framework of criminal investigations and criminal justice. The purpose of this study was to draw an analogy between verbal communication (oral speech, written speech) and nonverbal communication (body language, gestures, and silence), with the tendency to explore different components of nonverbal communication and place them in the context of criminal profiling as a method for detecting lies in nonverbal communication. The aim of this study was to emphasize the importance of nonverbal communication as an equal part of the communication process, and often a predominant one in this domain, which helps us demystify suspects, perpetrators, and criminal acts
Analogy of Profiling Male and Female Serial Killers
Get PDFThis paper explores the similarities and differences in the psychological profiles of male and female serial killers through gender aspects, analyzing causes, motives, and methods of crime. The introduction provides an overview of basic concepts, while the sections on definitions and causes of serial murder discuss incoherent aspects due to the flexibility of conceptual determination which affects the empirical understanding of serial murder, including key risk factors contributing to the development of serial killing behavior. The identification of psychological profiles by analogy separates the characteristics of male and female serial killers, focusing on their motivations, methods, and relationships with victims. The discussion includes a comparative analysis and results of individual studies, highlighting differences in profiling strategies between genders and summarizing findings related to serial murders. The conclusion synthesizes the main findings, emphasizing the importance of a gender-specific approach in profiling serial killers for more effective investigation and prevention of these severe crimes
Digital Literacy in the Service of Science and Scientific Knowledge
Get PDFThe subject of this paper is the interdependence of communication and digital literacy, as original entities, and especially digital communication and science and scientific knowledge. In the present day, digital literacy is a necessary ability for scientific professionals. The concept of digital literacy is increasingly prevalent in the 21st century. Scientific research requires the capacity to efficiently use digital tools, platforms, and databases as technology continues to improve at an unparalleled rate. The capacity to get and assess data from a variety of online sources is a crucial component of digital literacy for scientific professionals. In order to encourage cooperation and creativity across scientific groups, digital literacy is vital. Moreover, scientific professionals that possess digital literacy are better equipped to disseminate their research findings to a larger audience. The essence is that the higher the level of digital literacy, the easier it is to find suitable and therefore the best forms of communication
Building a Ranking System for Lecturers Based on Student Evaluations in Teaching a Specific Course: A Case Study at a University in Vietnam
Get PDFIn the current landscape of higher education, the quality of teaching plays a crucial role in supporting the comprehensive development of students. To ensure the effectiveness of the learning process, evaluating lecturers based on student opinions is an essential means of providing feedback and optimizing the learning experience. This paper focuses on constructing a lecturer ranking system, particularly in the context of a specific course through the evaluation process from students. Four different methods were employed to assess lecturers, including the PSI method, SRP method, RAM method, and PIV method. The evaluation results using these four methods were compared with each other and also with the traditional evaluation approach currently utilized in the educational institution. The achieved results demonstrate that the approach outlined in this paper is highly suitable for determining the rankings of lecturers when teaching individual courses
Motivation Types: A Key Factor in Self-regulated ESP Learning
Get PDFThe objective of this paper is to examine the impact of motivational orientations, or various forms of motivation, on the success of foreign language (L2) learning as a measure of self-regulation for ESP (English for Specific Purposes) students. It has been postulated that the nature of motivation has a substantial impact on second language (L2) learning, as evidenced by success as a measure of self-regulated learning. This association remains consistent even when moderator variables such as gender, age at which L2 learning begins, and years of L2 learning are integrated. This empirical research covered 460 respondents, of whom 245 (53%) were male. The students attended the Faculty of Technical Sciences (FTS) at the University of Novi Sad. The Foreign Language Learning Motivation Questionnaire (LLOS-IEA) was used as an instrument. Scale reliabilities were measured using Cronbach’s alpha indicating satisfactory reliability. An achievement test with 50 tasks and a general data questionnaire were applied. PROCESS macro for SPSS was used for statistical analyses. The initial results indicate that students are highly motivated, with Intrinsic regulation (Knowledge, Achievement, and Stimulation) and Identified regulation achieving the highest scores with good motivational orientation that are significant predictors of self-regulation, which was also seen as an indicator on the L2 achievement test. Additionally, their levels of amotivation are low, while their levels of various categories of motivation are moderate. A notable positive predictor is identified regulation, suggesting that motivation facilitated by identified regulation is linked to an improved grade in L2 and overall achievement. Furthermore, it was determined that ESP students exhibit distinct types of motivation compared to other students, which serves as an indicator of self-regulation in ESP learning. It was established that ESP accomplishments are determined by the types of motivation present in L2 learning. The age of starting L2 learning, years of L2 learning, and gender are insignificant factors in the relationship between the observed variables. Also, it is recommended that future studies should be based on a larger corpus and include not only students of the technical sciences but also students of the social sciences in order to overcome its limitations