International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education (IJCRSEE)
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Examining the Possibility of Using Visual Programming Language Scratch in Preschool Education for Learning Arithmetic Operations
Get PDFThe aim of the research is to examine the potential of harnessing the visual programming language Scratch for learning arithmethic operations in preschool education as well as to find out wheather a visual programming environment intended for algorithmic thinking development can enhance learning outcomes and contribute to better understanding of arithmetic operations. In the pedagogical experiment, which was realized during two school years, 48 children aged 5 to 6 years were involved. The children were separated into three groups in accordance with the learning method. The traditional method of learning numbers, addition and subtraction was implemented in the first group. The second group of children learned numbers and arithmetic operations using visual programming language Scratch. In the third group a combined method that included the traditional teaching method and the use of the programming language Scratch was applied. The comparison of different methods of learning arithmetic operations in order to determine the difference in children’s achievements was performed by using Mann-Whitney test. The research results indicate that children from the experimental group, in which combined learning method was applied, exceed achievements of the other groups. Accordingly, it could be concluded that the application of visual programming language in preschool education represents an extraordinary complement to the traditional method of learning arithmetic operations
Attitudes of Students and Teachers’ Opinions Towards Robotic Applications in Secondary Schools
Get PDFThe ongoing advancements in technology and their implications for robotics raise questions regarding high school students’ attitudes toward robotic applications. The formation of teachers’ opinions is identified as a research gap alongside these developments. This research aims to measure the attitudes of students in secondary schools towards robotic applications, in terms of various variables and to evaluate teachers’ opinions. This research was designed as mixed methods research. The sample of the research consisted of 469 students and 25 teachers. The quantitative data of the study were collected with the robotics activity attitudes scale-RAAS, which was adapted to the language of the researchers. Qualitative data was collected with the teacher interview form created by the researchers. Parametric tests, t-tests, and ANOVA were applied to the data set, and weighted average, frequency, and percentage calculations were made. The data obtained from the teacher interview form was transformed into findings using the descriptive analysis method. As a result of the research, it was determined that the students had a high degree of robotic attitude. It was determined that students’ robotic attitudes showed a significant difference in favor of male students according to the gender variable. There was no difference in students’ robotic attitudes depending on the classroom variable, and a majority of teachers have a positive attitude towards the use of robotic applications in education in Kazakh secondary schools. The attitudes and opinions of teachers and students towards robotic applications are positive
Higher Education Management Systems in Iraq: Problems and Perspectives
Get PDFIraq is a country that has not only rich centuries-old history and antique culture, but also the oldest in the world education system combining old and new cultural and ethnic particularities. Islamic traditions and religious syncretism – all of these must be known to those who plan to receive education in this ancient and very important country of the Islamic world. This research is intended to fill a gap in intercultural and interfaith dialogue in the context of international scientific and educational cooperation Although the Iraqi higher education system shows the example of one in the country with an unstable political situation, it is represented not only by national educational institutions, but it is becoming a modern hierarchical structure that meets the needs of modern time, directly related to the growth and development of the nation. The purpose of the research is to analyze the Iraqi higher education management system within the world education market today, and to offer recommendations of how to improve current situation with implemented innovations and managerial decision-making methods. In the article we deal with the threefold methodology: the first part is the Iraqi higher education system analysis with insights into effective and efficient managerial practices to comply with contemporary challenges; the second part is modern managerial decision-making methods, such as the Kepner- Tregoe, consideration to implement in education for future improvement. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) decision-making methods are supposed to significantly improve the Iraqi higher education management effectiveness; the third part is international student and teacher exchange, collaboration with famous Universities in Europe and Asia, joint scientific projects that play a crucial role in enhancing the quality and competitiveness of Iraqi higher education. The results of the research will help educational institutions formulate more effective management strategies, avoid risks, apply optimized organizational strategies and tactics, predict modern educational traits and trends, make use of advantageous measures, formulate cooperation and competition strategies, and improve innovation capabilities. In the conclusion recommendations were made how to boost institutional performance and make the complex academic processes streamlined and impactful for students and institutions
Socio-demographic Factors and Their Influence on the Development of Entrepreneurial Potential of Students
Get PDFThis study investigates how various socio-demographic variables influence the entrepreneurial potential among university students. The research was conducted on a sample of 1,008 students from three countries: Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Belgium. The instruments applied were the Questionnaire of Entrepreneurial Traits (QET) and the Scale of Entrepreneurial Potential (SEP). The primary objective was to examine: (a) the role of gender in shaping entrepreneurial potential, (b) the influence of national context, (c) differences between urban and rural backgrounds, (d) the impact of students’ material status, and (e) the relationship between academic performance and the development of entrepreneurial capacity. Canonical discriminant analysis confirmed significance and the structure of differences among students considering their gender, country of origin and different material status of students, and their scores on the dimensions of the Entrepreneurial Traits model QET as well as on the Entrepreneurial Potential model SEP. Canonical discriminant analysis did not confirm significance and the structure of differences among students considering their place of residence and success during studies in their scores on the dimensions of Entrepreneurial Traits model QET as well as on the Entrepreneurial Potential model SEP. The findings of this research indicate that socio-demographic factors have a significant impact on students’ entrepreneurial potential, offering a valuable framework for future studies and analyses, particularly in the context of the growing importance of entrepreneurship in developing countries
Online vs. Face-to-Face Teaching: Advantages and Challenges from Students’ Perspective
Get PDFThe aim of this research was to examine students’ perceptions of online and face-to-face teaching by combining quantitative and qualitative research approaches. The research was conducted on a sample of 524 students, and the general results confirm that students are more oriented towards face-to-face rather than online classes. Online teaching is recognized as a more flexible form of learning that enables better organization of time, spatial independence, economy and greater availability of teaching content. This form of learning is often accompanied by a lack of motivation, limited social interaction with professors and colleagues, as well as technical and other difficulties that affect the quality of acquired knowledge. On the contrary, face-to-face teaching is perceived as more stimulating for learning, as it provides direct contact, better exchange of information and a higher level of engagement and motivation, although it is less economical and requires more time resources. The obtained results indicate the need to combine the best aspects of both forms of teaching, which include flexibility and digital possibilities of online learning with direct contact and motivational effects of traditional teaching
Psychology of the Defendant and his Testimony in Criminal Proceedings
Get PDFThe defendant is the main procedural subject and a party in criminal proceedings. Only a natural person who is procedurally competent to exercise their rights and duties can acquire the status of a defendant in criminal proceedings. The procedural competence of the defendant includes two fundamental characteristics – a certain age and mental health. The defendant’s testimony can only be obtained through interrogation. Interrogation of the defendant is an evidentiary action that consists of the defendant’s statement regarding the criminal offense he is charged with and falls into the category of personal evidence. The legal side of the defendant’s interrogation, which regulates his position and his set of rights and duties, as well as legally defined institutions ensuring equality with the opposing party (i.e., the prosecutor), represents a necessary form and condition for a court decision to be based on such evidence, in accordance with the Criminal Procedure Code. However, aside from its legal dimension, the interrogation also entails psychological aspects. Accordingly, this paper analyzes the position of the defendant in criminal proceedings, as well as the psychological aspects of his participation and testimony before the competent authorities. Considering the rights and obligations of the defendant, the available legal means that ensure procedural equality with the prosecutor, but also the various pressures and mental states the defendant experiences (fear, uncertainty, discomfort, shame, humiliation, etc.), along with his motivation to actively participate in the proceedings, and his ability to remain silent or speak untruthfully, it is evident that the defendant can neither be unmotivated nor uninterested in the outcome of the proceedings. Therefore, it was essential to consider the role and significance of the defendant’s psychological functions and personality traits, which considerably influence both his ability to testify and the validity, truthfulness, and credibility of his statement. The paper is methodologically based on a theoretical, primarily desk-based analysis of relevant contemporary views in domestic and foreign theory, normative analysis of current legislative sources, inductive and deductive approaches in research, and descriptive analysis of indicators relevant to the psychology of the defendant and the psychological foundations of his testimony in criminal proceedings
Behavioral Cultural Intelligence, Legal System, Cybersecurity and Cultural Heritage as Determinants of the Choice of Foreign Tourist Destinations
Get PDFThe development of information technologies and transport services has significantly facilitated the organization of business and tourist trips to countries worldwide. Consumers’ decisions regarding which tourist destination to visit are determined by numerous factors. The research examine the effect of behavioral cultural intelligence, uncertainty avoidance, the legal system and safety, as well as cultural heritage on the choice of foreign tourist destinations. The empirical research was conducted using a survey method in the Republic of Serbia during 2024 on a sample of 388 respondents, whose responses were analyzed using the statistical software SmartPLS4. The results showed that uncertainty avoidance has a negative impact, while behavioral cultural intelligence, the legal system and safety, and cultural heritage have a positive impact on the choice of foreign tourist destinations, providing valuable information for marketers of multinational companies
Personality Predictors of Flourishing and Learning to Flourish
Get PDFGiven the abundance of research on well-being and flourishing, this study aimed to outline the direct and indirect effects of personality predictors on flourishing. The cross-sectional study included ten scales, measuring personality traits (the extraversion, neuroticism, openness to experience, consciousness, agreeableness and the meta-traits of plasticity and stability) and personal dispositions (self-esteem, mindfulness, coping and coping potential, learned helplessness, self-handicapping, planning, and rumination) and a convenient sample of 451 respondents. A ten-session training designed to promote flourishing was conducted with 10 participants over a three-month period. Results revealed a stronger direct effect of personal dispositions than personality traits, as well as a moderating effect of personality traits and a mediating effect of dispositions. Flourishing is predicted by high self-esteem, proactive coping, mindfulness, agreeableness, and meaning in life. Problem-oriented coping mediates the relation of agreeableness and flourishing. Conscientiousness and stability moderate the relation of proactive coping and mind-fulness with flourishing, and plasticity moderates the relation of self-esteem and flourishing. This finding is considered to highlight the specific role of plasticity and stability both as traits and dispositions, related to self-regulation. Self-esteem needs to be flexible enough to be revised and validated and is supported by plasticity, while proactive coping and mindfulness, as dispositions related to cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects, are supported by stability. Flourishing is predicted to a greater extent by behavioural patterns than by personality traits, and the pathways to flourishing can be learned, which is of particular interest for integration in education as proactive support for individual performance, especially in times of crisis and instability
The Effect of Citizen Science Project Learning Model on Students’ Critical and Creative Thinking Skills
Get PDFCritical and creative thinking skills are essential in 21st-century education, but conventional learning approaches are still less effective in developing these skills. This study aims to analyze the influence of the Citizen Science Project learning model on the critical and creative thinking skills of high school students in Indonesia. The research method used experiments with post-test control groups, involving 70 students divided into experimental and control groups (35 students each). Instruments in the form of essay questions were used to measure students’ critical and creative thinking skills, while data were analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis and inferential statistics using the MANOVA test. The results showed that the Citizen Science Project model significantly improved students’ critical and creative thinking skills compared to conventional learning (p < 0.05). This improvement demonstrates the effectiveness of the model in facilitating high-level thinking skills. These findings indicate that the Citizen Science Project can be an innovative strategy in learning to improve 21st-century skills. Therefore, this model is recommended to be applied in Education
Personalized Learning through Artificial Intelligence: Opportunities, Risks, and Policy Perspectives
Get PDFArtificial Intelligence (AI) is redefining the landscape of personalized education by enabling adaptive systems that respond dynamically to individual learning needs. This paper explores how AI technologies-including machine learning, big data analytics, and intelligent tutoring systems-support the transformation of pedagogical models. Key opportunities discussed include real-time personalization of content delivery, increased student motivation, and inclusive learning environments. At the same time, the study critically examines potential risks, such as data privacy concerns, algorithmic bias, and the erosion of human-centered pedagogy. Policy implications are addressed with recommendations for regulatory frameworks to ensure ethical and responsible AI integration into education. The paper emphasizes the need for empirical research to validate AI-driven models in diverse educational settings. By aligning technological innovation with humanistic values, the paper contributes to ongoing discourse on how AI can support-not supplant-the role of educators. The findings provide a foundation for future research and policy design aimed at creating equitable, transparent, and effective personalized learning ecosystems