9814 research outputs found
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Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Celiac Disease
Full text linkCeliac Disease is an allergic response to foods that contain the protein gluten. Celiac Disease is classified as an autoimmune disorder, which specifically deteriorates the villi of the jejunal segment of the small intestine. Specific topics analyzed within this thesis include some physical attributes of Celiac Disease such as weight loss, diarrhea, dermatitis herpetiformis, etc. The basis of classification is discussed and the negative effects Celiac Disease has on the body, such as malabsorption, vitamin deficiencies, and damage to the villi. Diagnostics such as biopsy and blood tests, treatments both experimental and adhering to a gluten-free diet are discussed. Origination of Celiac Disease in various countries and etiology from modification during agriculture are discussed, and certain populations at risk such as those with a genetic predisposition are analyzed. Physiological processes involving cancer and the effects of a gluten-free diet on healing Celiac Disease are mentioned. Findings indicated both negative physical and neurological symptoms relating to Celiac Disease, the damage Celiac Disease has on, the implications of malabsorption, the modification of gluten through time, how chances of having Celiac Disease increase with a genetic history, and the positive effects of a gluten-free diet in treating those with Celiac Disease
A Phenomenological Study on How White Public Middle School Teachers Who Self-Identify as Racial Allies Experience and Navigate Their Implicit Biases
No full textThe teaching force in the United States is overwhelmingly White, while the student population is increasingly diverse, reaching a minority majority in 2014. The racial mismatch between a predominantly White teaching force and students of color in public schools presents barriers for those students as they navigate an educational system built on historical injustices and racism. The study examines the lived experiences of White middle school teachers who identify as racial allies in schools having a student population that is greater than 50% students of color. The interviews revealed that participants understood bias on a basic level yet continued to struggle with the idea that once acknowledged, implicit biases continue to shape their actions and decisions. Participants who self-identified as allies were also reluctant to identify or disrupt systems of power that privileged them based on their whiteness. These findings indicate a need to address implicit biases of White teachers through several different avenues, including colleges of education, professional development, and beginning teacher mentoring programs
Electronic Propulsion Engines: Revolutionizing Space Travel
No full textMost spacecrafts rely on chemical propulsion to generate thrust and venture into the depths of outer space. They rely on principles from Newton’s three laws of motion, conservation of momentum-energy, and atomic physics. However, an electronic form of propulsion also exists providing spacecrafts an alternative opposed to the sole use of chemical energy. Electronic propulsion systems or engines last longer than current chemical spacecraft engines and are improving to produce greater amount of thrusts.
Comparing the two types of spacecraft engines shows the benefits and disadvantaged obtained by using either option as well as the main differences and similarities shared between them. Electronic propulsion systems are being tested for future space explorations and are continuing to evolve over time. These electronic propulsion systems could serve as a transformative force in spacecraft engineering, potentially replacing chemical fuel and reshaping the future of space exploration
Antibiotics vs Appendectomy in Acute Uncomplicated Appendicitis
Full text linkIntroduction: Acute appendicitis is a common cause of the acute abdomen, and the current standard of care is surgical removal of the appendix. The purpose of this review is to compare the long-term efficacy of antibiotics in the treatment of acute uncomplicated appendicitis.
Methods: PubMed was searched using the key terms “anti-bacterial agents” AND “appendicitis” AND “appendectomy”. Operators and filters narrowed results to four relevant articles for review.
Results: Of the four articles, 3 were meta-analyses of the same RCTs comparing the efficacy of antibiotic therapy to appendectomies. The fourth reviewed 12 RCTs comparing antibiotic therapy to appendectomies.
Discussion: The articles reviewed all showed similar results. Antibiotics were not shown to be more effective than surgery, however, it is still effective in many cases. It is safe to treat acute uncomplicated appendicitis with antibiotics. However, the patient should be aware of an increased risk of rehospitalization, longer stays in the hospital, and possible need for future appendectomy
Semaglutide vs Liraglutide for Weight Loss in Adults with Obesity
Full text linkIntroduction: Obesity is a growing chronic condition worldwide with limited effective and safe treatment options. Semaglutide and liraglutide are two GLP-1a medications with encouraging outcomes for the treatment of obesity. The purpose of this paper is to compare semaglutide to liraglutide for weight loss and obesity
Methods: Pubmed was searched for randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta- analyses from 2019 to 2024 to assess efficacy of semaglutide and liraglutide. Five articles were selected for clinical review.
Results: In 4 out of the 5 studies there was a greater reduction in weight in patients receiving semaglutide compared to liraglutide. Statistically significant improvements in HbA1c were noted in patients taking semaglutide. Most common adverse effects were gastrointestinal issues, which were noted with both semaglutide and liraglutide treatments.
Discussion: Studies suggest that semaglutide may be more effective in promoting weight loss as compared to liraglutide. Further research is needed to determine long-term effects of semaglutide for weight loss
Appendix to Campbell, D. C. & C. Lydeard. Three Decades of Mussel Mitochondria. Malacologia, v. 68
No full textThis table lists all cytochrome oxidase 1 sequences available for Unionida as of June, 2025, with corrections and updates to nomenclature and publication information. A second workbook lists all currently recognized species, identifying which ones have associated molecular data
Teacher Perceptions of Social-Emotional Learning in a COVID-Impacted Environment
No full textSocial-emotional learning (SEL) builds students’ resilience skills, which impact the biology of the brain connected to emotional regulation, safe behaviors, and positive learning outcomes. Diminished resilience is typically the result of childhood trauma, which affects physical and emotional health into adulthood. Teachers’ capacity, implementation, and data analysis practices for SEL are important to support building resilience skills in our students to help them grow to be emotionally and physically healthy citizens. The purpose of this research study was to investigate the perspectives of elementary school teachers from four elementary schools in the same school district in rural, southwestern North Carolina regarding SEL instruction. This qualitative-dominant study analyzed questionnaire and interview data through the lens of the CASEL Framework of Systemic SEL and the SEL Continuous Improvement Cycle. Analysis revealed that teachers in this study give time, attention, and effort to teaching resilience skills to their students, especially when supported by their peers and school leaders. Findings led to recommendations for promoting and sustaining SEL through ongoing professional development with a focus on using data to inform decision-making and more intentional instruction for differences between resilience skills and behavior outcomes
A Qualitative Study on the Perspective of Instructional Coaching Through the Lens of Teachers, Coaches, and Administrators
No full textInstructional coaching can be a key puzzle piece in teacher improvement and the academic success of students. This qualitative study examined the perspectives of administrators, teachers, and instructional coaches on the role that instructional coaches play in education and how the process of instructional coaching works. Further, the study sought to determine the perceptions of specific supports and barriers to effective coaching, and to examine the effectiveness of coaching through the experiences of both the coach and the teacher. It also examined the role of the school leader in an effective coaching program. Knight’s (2022c) The Definitive Guide to Instructional Coaching: Seven Factors for Success was the conceptual framework for the study. Qualitative data were collected by completing structured, one-on-one interviews with teachers, instructional coaches, and administrators who work at XYZ Academy. Analysis revealed that teachers and instructional coaches valued instructional coaching as a means to improve teacher development, whereas administrators valued coaches as another means of administrative support. Although the research was collected from a single site and a small sample, it provided insight that can lead to future research that will allow for a broader analysis of how coaching impacts institutes over a course of time
Investigating Teacher Self-Efficacy and Teacher Attitudes Toward STEM in North Carolina High School Science and Mathematics Classrooms
No full textThe purpose of this investigation was to determine if North Carolina high school science and mathematics teachers differ in their STEM teacher self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, and attitudes toward STEM instructional practices. The data collection instrument used in this study was the T-STEM survey. Science and math teachers voluntarily participated in the study and answered Likert-type survey items focusing on STEM teacher self-efficacy, STEM instructional practices, and outcome expectancy. Additionally, study participants answered demographic questions on gender, years of teaching experience, and the type of degree earned. Sub-scores for each survey section were calculated and analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistical methods to determine whether there were statistically significant differences between North Carolina high school science and math teachers’ self-efficacy, attitudes toward STEM instructional practices, and outcome expectancy. North Carolina high school science and math teachers were found to differ in their attitudes toward STEM instructional practices and outcome expectancies. North Carolina high school science teachers participating in this study were more likely to integrate STEM instructional practices than math teachers, and science teachers also had higher outcome expectancies for STEM learning. Based on the outcomes of this study, North Carolina high schools and districts may consider offering STEM content and pedagogical training and encourage interdisciplinary professional learning communities. Additionally, teacher preparation programs at colleges and universities may offer STEM preparation courses to preservice science and math teachers