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Methods and Question Relevance
No full textThis paper examines a new epistemic relation in scientonomy – the relevance of one question to another. I argue that it is the employed methods that often render particular questions epistemically relevant to others by stipulating conditions under which answers are acceptable. This question relevance relation is shown to be distinct from, and orthogonal to, the established subquestion-superquestion relation. Drawing on literature in erotetic logic, I refine the notion of partial answerhood and propose a revised definition of subquestion. I then offer a definition of question relevance and formulate a theorem describing the mechanism of its obtainment. The theoretical points are illustrated with cases from art authentication, cetacean linguistics, and vaccine evaluation. The resulting framework clarifies how employed methods generate chains of inquiry
Predatory Medicine: Concealed Economies of Sexual Violence and Racial Capitalism
No full textThis article addresses the extensive sexual violence against women by physicians in the United States. I focus on the case of George Tyndall, a physician in California who sexually and racially violated hundreds of students at the University of Southern California for decades. Through an STS Black feminist lens, I argue that sexually predatory behavior by gynecologists is an invisible outcome of systemic mechanisms operationalized within healthcare and its institutional networks. I propose an analytic, predatory medicine, to examine the broad layers of intimidation and abuse of power, sociohistorical and over time, that conceal these complaints and cases to protect institutional power and its racist masculinist domination. I survey a diverse scope of sources such as film, legal documents, policy reports, and journalism
Catalyst Lead Editing as Creative Worldbuilding
No full textIn this piece for the 10th anniversary issue, one of Catalyst’s early lead editorial teams reflects on their experiences. A short collective introduction offers a metaphor of the journal as a garden that was inherited when it was already spring. Then, each of the trio in this lead editor team—Anne Pollock, Nassim Parvin, and Laura Foster—shares her reflections in turn, foregrounding different scales of the endeavor: cultivating authors, peer reviewers, and audiences; cultivating spaces of scholarship through design, accessibility, and trusting communities; and cultivating institutional alliances toward sustaining the journal and, with it, a flourishing ecosystem of scholarship in feminist technoscience
RELATIVE AEROBIC LOAD OF DAILY ACTIVITIES IN INDIVIDUALS WITH LOWER LIMB AMPUTATION: A PILOT STUDY
No full textBACKGROUND: Individuals with lower limb amputation (LLA) often experience reduced physical capacity and increased aerobic demands during activities of daily living (ADL), which may impact participation and quality of life. Measuring the relative aerobic load of ADL is essential to set realistic rehabilitation goals, however data on short and non-steady-state ADL tasks in this population are limited.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the feasibility of a newly developed protocol for assessing the relative aerobic load of five selected ADL tasks in individuals with LLA, and to determine the applicability of the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) method for these measurements.
METHODOLOGY: Six individuals with unilateral LLA (mean age 59 ± 9 years; five males), including three with transtibial, one with knee disarticulation, and two with transfemoral amputation, all classified as K2–K3 ambulators, were recruited for this pilot study and underwent a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) during the first assessment session. During the second assessment session, within a two-week interval, participants were asked to perform five standardized tests reflecting ADL tasks: the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT), Glittre ADL test, stair ascent, and stair descent. Oxygen consumption was measured using the COSMED K5 system. For each task, average oxygen consumption was computed as the total oxygen uptake during activity and recovery (EPOC) divided by total time, and relative aerobic load was defined as percentage of first ventilatory threshold (%V̇O2-VT1). Data analysis involved descriptive feasibility assessment and intraclass correlation to examine consistency of relative aerobic load across tasks.
FINDINGS: The protocol showed to be feasible and no (serious) adverse events occurred during the study and 5 out of 6 participants were able to complete the protocol, demonstrating its practicality. The EPOC method was successfully applied to both short and longer-duration ADL tasks. The results showed relative aerobic loads exceeding 100% V̇O₂-VT₁ for most ADL tasks, indicating substantial physical effort. Agreement of the rankings of the different tasks between participants was observed (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.01-0.97), although the wide confidence interval indicates considerable uncertainty.
CONCLUSION: This protocol enables the assessment of relative aerobic load in a heterogeneous group of individuals with LLA and highlights the importance of individualized assessment. Given the large variability in V̇O₂peak and V̇O₂-VT₁ between participants, a generic level of physiological burden for each task cannot be given, instead individualized assessment is crucial to accurately determine physiological burden and avoid under- or overestimation of exercise intensity. The findings support the development of individualized rehabilitation programs tailored to individual capabilities and limitations, potentially improving participation and quality of life. Additionally, future studies with larger cohorts are needed to provide more robust reliability estimates and strengthen the generalizability of these findings.
Layman\u27s Abstract
Individuals with a lower limb amputation (LLA) often have lower physical ability and need extra effort to do everyday activities such as walking or climbing stairs. This extra effort can lead to fatigue and affect their independence and quality of life. To improve rehabilitation, it is important to understand how physically demanding these activities are. In this pilot study, six individuals with LLA participated in a new test protocol. At the first assessment session, they completed a fitness test. At the second assessment session, conducted within a two-week interval, they performed five common daily tasks: 1) walking for six minutes, 2) standing up and sitting down, 3) climbing stairs, 4) descending stairs, and 5) completing a functional activity course. During these tasks, they wore a portable device that measured oxygen use, showing how hard their body was working. The study showed that the protocol was safe and practical, and five of the six participants completed all tasks without difficulty. It also showed that a method called EPOC (excess post-exercise oxygen consumption) can measure the effort of short and irregular activities such as those above, which is usually hard to assess. Results revealed that most tasks required very high effort, which could lead to fatigue. Importantly, the effort varied greatly between individuals, highlighting the need for individualized assessments. Understanding these physiological differences can help healthcare professionals design rehabilitation programs tailored to each individual’s abilities. This approach can reduce fatigue, improve independence, and hopefully enhance quality of life for individuals with LLA. Future studies with larger groups are needed to confirm these findings and provide stronger evidence of their reliability.
Article PDF Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/cpoj/article/view/46249/34696
How To Cite: van Schaik L, van Kammen K, Huiberts S.W.M, Geertzen J.H.B, Houdijk H, Dekker R. Relative aerobic load of daily activities in individuals with lower limb amputation: A pilot study. Canadian Prosthetics & Orthotics Journal. 2025; Volume 8, Issue 2, No. 8. https://doi.org/10.33137/cpoj.v8i2.46249
Corresponding Author: Loeke van Schaik, PhDAffiliation: University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Groningen, The Netherlands.E-Mail: [email protected] ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5288-114
Death\u27s Rattle
No full textAs a frightened 19-year-old changing my name to reflect my non-binary identity, I was drawn to the resilience in the name "Echo" — an echo cannot be beaten into submission. Now 22, I dream of escaping the Canadian mental health system I\u27ve been trapped in since my teenage years. After a string of admissions pleading for help, I was ultimately discharged to my death — a cycle of medical malnutrition stabilization, short mental health stays, and serious suicide attempts that repeated until one stopped my heart. I am currently living in a long-term psychiatric institution. To cope with the trauma of medical neglect and gaslighting, I\u27ve turned to poetry. This poem is part of a collection on my experiences in mental health treatment. I want to highlight the injustice in healthcare — to empower those who feel alone, and to hold accountable those who don\u27t understand their impact