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Conditional Authority Delegation
No full textWhile the current scientonomic definition of authority delegation implicitly presupposes that epistemic agents accept expert judgments unconditionally, this assumption fails to capture a wide range of historical and contemporary epistemic practices. The paper proposes a revised typology that distinguishes unconditional authority delegation from conditional authority delegation and offers a general definition of authority delegation that subsumes both. Conditional authority delegation is characterized as a relation in which a delegating agent accepts expert answers to a question only if those answers satisfy some additional criteria that are part of the method employed by the delegating agent. The paper also proposes an indicator for identifying historical cases of conditional delegation. To show that cases of conditional authority delegation exist, three historical episodes are analyzed: the authentication of a disputed Monet painting by the Wildenstein Institute, the nineteenth-century debate between physicists and geologists over the age of the Earth, and the mid-twentieth-century reception of radioastronomical data by steady-state cosmologists. The paper concludes by outlining implications for future theoretical refinement and observational research in scientonomy
An Origin Story for Feminist Science Studies: A Conversation with Christa Kuljian
No full textChrista Kuljian’s Our Science, Ourselves chronicles the life histories of seven trailblazing women whose work, activism, and ferocity forms an originary node for feminist science studies. These figures formed a powerful network in the Boston area from the 1970s to the 1990s. Inspired by the women’s movement and organizations such as Science for the People and the Combahee River Collective, they led critical analyses of gender and racial biases in science. Their work famously challenged E.O. Wilson’s sociobiology in 1975 and Larry Summers’s comments about women in science in 2005. Drawing on extensive research, Kuljian celebrates how these women profoundly shaped our collective scientific knowledge and view of the world. I met Kuljian after she gave a talk at the STS colloquium series at Brown University in March 2025, and we subsequently connected for this interview
RESPONSE TO THE LETTER TO THE EDITOR REGARDING "HEALTH ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF MICROPROCESSOR AND NON-MICROPROCESSOR-CONTROLLED PROSTHETIC KNEES"
No full textWe responded to comments by Brüggenjürgen et al. (https://doi.org/10.33137/cpoj.v8i2.46339) regarding our study on cost-effectiveness of different prosthesis types (https://doi.org/10.33137/cpoj.v8i2.45823). We explained why small effect differences lead to high ICUR values and clarify our costing approach. We emphasized the need for future studies on prosthesis life-cycle, long-term outcomes, and improved quality-of-life measures for more accurate evaluations.
Article PDF Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/cpoj/article/view/46486/34608
How To Cite: Bosman C.E, van der Sluis C.K, Vrieling A.H, Geertzen J.H.B, Seves B.L, Groen H. Response to the letter to the editor regarding “Health economic evaluation of microprocessor and non-microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knees". Canadian Prosthetics & Orthotics Journal. 2025; Volume 8, Issue 2, No. 7. https://doi.org/10.33137/cpoj.v8i2.46486
Corresponding Author: Professor Henk Groen, Affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.E-Mail: [email protected] ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6629-318
Diabetes Mellitus in Canada: An Epidemiologic Analysis on Data from the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System, 2016-2017
No full textDiabetes is a major public health issue in Canada. The purpose of this epidemiologic study is to describe diabetes by sex and year, explore plausible explanations for observed sex-related differences over time, and propose evidence-based top-down population health recommendations that can be implemented to protect populations from developing diabetes and diabetes-related complications. In this study, Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus data from the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System (CCDSS) was collected. Calculations were performed to obtain period prevalence (frequency of disease), cumulative incidence (risk of developing disease), case-fatality (severity), and crude mortality (death rate). Epidemiologic calculations were performed separately for males and females in 2016 and 2017, resulting in four estimates for each of the four measures of disease. Male diabetes prevalence was 1.9% higher than female diabetes prevalence in 2017. Males were at a greater cumulative risk of developing diabetes compared to women; 4.6 new cases per 1000 males compared to 4.0 new cases per 1000 females. Diabetes was more severe for females compared to males; 7.1 deaths per 10 000 diabetes cases among females compared to 6.3 deaths per 10 000 diabetes cases among males. Despite the higher severity in females, diabetes death rate was higher for males than females; 7.9 deaths per 100 000 males compared to 7.4 deaths per 100 000 females. Prevalence and incidence of diabetes increased among both sexes from 2016 to 2017. Case-fatality and mortality from diabetes increased among females from 2016 to 2017 and decreased among males. A combination of factors can explain observed sex differences of diabetes. Increased visceral fat, increased obesity, testosterone deficiency, multimorbidity, and uncontrolled diabetes can explain the higher morbidity and mortality of diabetes among men. Population health interventions of fiscal policy and school-based programs can deter populations from type 2 diabetes and its related modifiable risk factors in Canada
Investigating first-generation East Asian immigrant parental influence on their second-generation children’s mental health service usage and mental wellbeing
No full textIn recent decades, there has been an influx of East Asian immigrants migrating to Western countries, with a subsequent growth in second-generation immigrant populations. However, in terms of mental health care access, there appears to be a lack of use. This study aims to investigate the role of family in this situation. The struggles involved with immigration deeply affects both parents and their children. Immigrants can feel a lack of connection to those outside of the immediate circle, which can lead to greater reliance on one another. Consequently, if the bond is shaken, conflict and decreased mental wellbeing can occur to both parties. Second-generation immigrants have more immediate family stressors as well due to struggles of balancing acculturation and enculturation. Thus, having greater family cohesion and balance of acculturation seems to lead to better outcomes. This study aims to answer the research question of how much, as well as how does, first-generation East Asian immigrant parents influence their second-generation East Asian immigrant children in their mental wellbeing and mental health service usage? It is hypothesized that reduced mental health service barriers and greater mental wellbeing for second-generation East Asian immigrant youth are positively associated with increased acculturation of first-generation parents, increased successful integration of a bicultural identity in second-generation youths, and greater family cohesion. Data for each independent variable (acculturation in first-generation parents, bicultural identity in second-generation youths, and overall family cohesion rated by both parties) as well as each dependent variable (mental health service access and mental wellbeing) will be measured by using questionnaires. Interviews with participants will also be conducted. Correlational and thematic analyses will be conducted. The results of this research can inspire new interventions that help East Asian immigrant youths reach mental health services, encouraging new ways of finding greater family cohesion and familial relationship satisfaction
