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Building an Interdisciplinary Centre for AI Education: Strategy and Practice
No full textPrecision medicine seeks to tailor care such that patients receive individualized treatment based on their specific presentation, biology, and risk factors. Artificial intelligence, defined as the field of computational systems that perform tasks requiring human-like intelligence, such as prediction, pattern recognition, and decision-making, is revolutionizing precision medicine through enhanced diagnostic accuracy, optimized treatments, and improved health outcomes. However, the benefits of artificial intelligence can only be realized if clinicians understand the technology’s limitations and strengths, and if developers appreciate the clinical, systemic, and workflow contexts in which their tools were developed and will be introduced. Without this mutual understanding, risks include automation bias, exacerbations of existing healthcare inequities, breaches of patient privacy, and ethical dilemmas that may erode trust in healthcare systems.
To address these challenges, the Temerty Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research and Education in Medicine at the University of Toronto has developed an interdisciplinary educational team and mandate. The mandate is organized into three guiding domains—principles, topics, and methods—that together provide a structured yet adaptable approach to artificial intelligence education. This commentary presents the rationale for this mandate and discusses its implications for precision medicine. Central to the mandate are commitments to formal, integrated training across disciplines, an emphasis on the ability to critically appraise artificial intelligence tools, and the delivery of interactive, evolving educational programs that are tailored to professional roles. As artificial intelligence continues to shape the landscape of healthcare, interdisciplinary and adaptive education will be critical to ensuring ethical artificial intelligence deployment and use, continued patient-centered care, and personalized medicine
The role of precision medicine in pediatric oncology: An interview with Dr. David Malkin
No full textDr. David Malkin is a Professor of Pediatrics and Medical Biophysics at the University of Toronto, and both a Staff Oncologist and Senior Scientist at The Hospital For Sick Children (SickKids). He holds the CIBC Children’s Foundation Chair in Child Health Research and is the Director of the Cancer Genetics program at SickKids. He is also the co-lead for the SickKids Precision Child Health initiative.
He co-directs the SickKids Cancer Sequencing (KiCS) program and the pan-Canadian PRecision Oncology For Young peopLE (PROFYLE) initiative, both of which are establishing pipelines to incorporate next generation sequencing (NGS) into clinical trials for Canadian children and young adults with hard-to-cure cancers.
Dr. Malkin’s research focuses on genetic mechanisms of cancer susceptibility, particularly in the context of TP53 and Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Additionally, it explores the application of genomics to surveillance and treatment approaches for individuals at genetic risk for cancer. He is recognized internationally for his expertise in cancer genetics, pediatric oncology, and cancer predisposition
Jacqueline Murray, ed. Patriarchy, Honour, and Violence: Masculinities in Premodern Europe
No full textTables of Declination from Ptolemy to Regiomontanus
No full textAbstract: The inclination of the path of the Sun in the sky with respect to the celestial equator, that is, the obliquity of the ecliptic, has been a major concern for astronomers since Antiquity. Many of them adopted values for it that departed from those of their predecessors and hardly any were the result of observation. Solar declination depends strictly on the obliquity, and many tables for determining solar positions were compiled during the Middle Ages. In this paper, we examine several of them, particularly those by Abraham ibn Ezra, Giovanni Bianchini, and Regiomontanus, the last two associated with tables for the conversion of ecliptic to equatorial coordinates.
How to cite: Goldstein, B. R. and J. Chabás†. “Tables of Declination from Ptolemy to Regiomontanus”. Aestimatio: Sources and Studies in the History of Science (2024) 5: std01 1–37. https://doi.org/10.33137/aestimatio.v5.45497Résumé: L’inclinaison de la trajectoire du Soleil dans le ciel par rapport à l’équateur céleste, soit l’obliquité de l’écliptique, a été une préoccupation majeure des astronomes depuis l’Antiquité. Plusieurs d’entre eux ont adopté des valeurs qui s’écartaient de celles de leurs prédécesseurs et presque aucune ne résultait d’observations. La déclinaison du soleil dépend strictement de l’obliquité et de nombreuses tables permettant de déterminer les positions solaires ont été compilés au cours du Moyen Âge. Dans cet article, nous examinons plusieurs d’entre elles, en particulier celles d’Abraham ibn Ezra, de Giovanni Bianchini et de Regiomontanus, ces deux derniers étant associés à des tables de conversion des coordonnées écliptiques en coordonnées équatoriales.
Comment citer: Goldstein, B. R. et J. Chabás†. « Tables of Declination from Ptolemy to Regiomontanus ». Aestimatio: Sources and Studies in the History of Science (2024) 5: std01 1–37. https://doi.org/10.33137/aestimatio.v5.4549
Redefining Epistemic Stances
No full textEpistemic stances play a foundational role in scientonomy’s explanatory framework, yet several of their currently accepted definitions fail to capture the concepts they are intended to explicate. This paper undertakes a systematic reassessment of epistemic stances, motivated by a series of conceptual ambiguities and inconsistencies that have emerged in recent theoretical and observational work. We begin by distinguishing epistemic stances understood as states from the transitions that initiate and terminate them, drawing on insights from formal ontology and related literatures. This distinction allows for a clearer formulation of scientonomic questions concerning the dynamics of scientific change. We then propose revised definitions of several core epistemic stances. In particular, we redefine theory acceptance in a way that permits suspension of judgment, multiple accepted answers, and theories answering multiple questions. We reconceptualize question acceptance as taking a question to be sound and introduce question answerability as a distinct epistemic stance. Norm employment is redefined as a dispositional state to act in accordance with a norm. Finally, we disambiguate norm rejection by differentiating transitions from norm acceptance to unacceptance and transitions from norm employment to unemployment; we suggest that the latter should be referred to as norm unemployment. We then outline corresponding revisions to scientonomic laws, theorems, and encyclopedia structure. Together, these revisions bring scientonomy’s explicit definitions of epistemic stances into closer alignment with our intuitive concepts and improve the coherence of our ontology
Book Review | Microbial Resolution: Visualization and Security in the War Against Emerging Microbes, by Gloria Chan-Sook Kim (University of Minnesota Press, 2024)
No full textTenth Anniversary Artwork: Gao Ding\u27s ‘Bits and Pieces’
No full textThis digital collage draws on the Smithsonian’s open-access archive. By incorporating a diverse set of historical artworks and photographs juxtaposed with the use of browser windows to portray and contain these artworks, I point to our world’s contemporary challenges, including the fragmentation of bodies and lives incited by the datafication of our societies, generative artificial intelligence, and the systems of capitalism that undergird these processes and phenomena.
