Jurnal IUS (Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan)
Not a member yet
523 research outputs found
Sort by
WTO Subsidies Agreement on Fisheries (2022-2024): Agreed Terms and Implications for Indonesia
Full text linkIndonesia has issued a fisheries subsidy policy to encourage the development of the fishing industry because this sector contributes to national development, but the subsidies applied must be in accordance with the provisions stipulated in the WTO. Indonesia is a member of the WTO and in the last few meetings held by the WTO in which the WTO prohibits subsidies, besides that fisheries subsidies can cause depletion of fish stocks and damage to marine biota. This is not in line with the UN program, namely Sustainable Development related to sustainable fisheries, so the implementation of fisheries subsidy policies can cause problems. the 12th WTO ministerial conference, a draft was drafted, but until now the draft has not been ratified, the draft fisheries subsidies at the WTO specifically regulate fisheries subsidies that are prohibited and exceptions in general. the 13th Ministerial Conference 2024 has not yet concluded negotiations on agricultural and fisheries subsidy issues, which remain key concerns for the conference organizers. Trade or Economic Ministers of the WTO engaged in negotiations are aware of the significant differences in positions among member states, necessitating further time for additional negotiations to be continued by permanent delegations in Geneva. The impact of the draft WTO fisheries subsidy, if successfully ratified, will have a negative impact on Indonesia in terms of the fishery market, fishery resources and employment.Subsidi perikanan telah diterapkan oleh negara-negara di dunia termasuk Indonesia, Indonesia sendiri telah mengeluarkan kebijakan subsidi perikanan untuk mendorong berkembangnya industri perikanan karena sektor ini memberikan kontribusi terhadap pembangunan nasional, namun subsidi yang diterapkan harus sesuai dengan ketentuan yang diatur dalam WTO. Sampai saat ini Indonesia merupakan anggota WTO dan dalam beberapa pertemuan terakhir yang dilakukan WTO dimana WTO melarang adanya subsidi, selain itu subsidi perikanan dapat menyebabkan menipisnya stok ikan dan rusaknya biota laut. Hal ini tidak sejalan dengan program PBB yaitu Pembangunan Berkelanjutan terkait perikanan berkelanjutan, sehingga penerapan kebijakan subsidi perikanan dapat menimbulkan permasalahan. Meskipun pada pertemuan terakhir yaitu pada konferensi tingkat menteri WTO ke-12 telah disusun sebuah draft, namun hingga saat ini draft tersebut belum disahkan, namun draft subsidi perikanan di WTO secara khusus mengatur tentang subsidi perikanan yang dilarang dan pengecualian secara umum. Dampak rancangan subsidi perikanan WTO jika berhasil diratifikasi akan memberikan dampak negatif terhadap Indonesia baik dari sisi pasar perikanan, sumber daya perikanan, dan lapangan kerja. apakah relevansi subsidi perikanan dan pembangunan berkelanjutan akan mampu menjawab pertanyaan terkait apakah penerapan Kebijakan Subsidi Perikanan di Indonesia dapat dibenarkan dalam sistem WTO
Implementation of The Transfer of Home Ownership Credits Under The Law
Full text linkThis study investigates the role of banks in Indonesia's national growth, namely through the allocation of credit for home ownership financing. It delineates the legal frameworks regulating mortgage agreements, underscoring the responsibilities of borrowers and the banks' rights to enforce collateral in instances of default. The study examines complications stemming from the assignment of mortgage liabilities to third parties, emphasizing the difficulties of legal acknowledgment and safeguarding for new debtors when the initial borrower neglects to notify the bank of these transfers. The study investigates two main inquiries: the execution of debtor transfers in house ownership credit contracts, and the legal safeguards afforded to secondary creditors in cases of default by the principal debtor. The studies seek to elucidate the intricacies of mortgage agreements and strengthen legal protections for all parties involve
Exploring The Legal Subjectivity of Artificial Intelligence in Incitement to Suicide
Full text linkThe development of conversational artificial intelligence (AI) has not only brought about technological innovations but has also given rise to legal issues. The phenomenon of AI-induced suicide highlights the multifaceted legislative demands within the criminal domain for AI. In-depth research into the issues of suitability concerning suicide victims, AI, and regulatory entities becomes particularly necessary. Through literature analysis and comparative legal analysis, this article aims to provide theoretical support for the legal delineation of liability in the context of AI incitement to suicide. Specifically, this article conducts a thorough investigation and comprehensive analysis of relevant legal literature both in China and internationally. The objective is to clarify the legal positions and real challenges surrounding the issue of AI incitement to suicide. Consequently, this article explores whether AI should be considered a legal subject and how, in different contexts, suicide victims and AI regulatory entities should share corresponding responsibilities. As for the findings, AI should not be regarded as an independent legal subject. Based on the theories of victim self-entrapment risk and omission in criminal law, in various situations, suicide victims or AI regulatory entities should bear corresponding responsibilities for the events of incitement to suicide. By delving into the legal liability issues of AI in incitement to suicide, this article provides a theoretical basis for comprehensive AI legislation in the future, demonstrating theoretical innovation. Furthermore, the exploration of criminal legal regulation contributes to the construction of a more comprehensive and rational legal framework for AI
The Eradication of Human Trafficking: What Can We Learn From East Lombok District?
Full text linkThe lack of information regarding labor migration in the society of West Nusa Tenggara Province means that quite few prospective Indonesian Migrant Workers (IMW) are vulnerable to malpractice recruitment and can result in exploitation so that they have the potential to become human trafficking victims. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of West Nusa Tenggara Provincial Regulation Number 10 of 2008 and the obstacles and also the opportunities for preventing and eradicating human trafficking as an effort to prevent human trafficking in East Lombok Regency. The results of this study that are West Nusa Tenggara Provincial Regulation Number 10 of 2008 concerning Prevention and Eradication of Human Trafficking and its derivative, namely East Lombok Regency Regional Regulation Number 9 of 2013 concerning Protection of Victims of Human Trafficking and Acts of Violence against Women and Children are not running effectively considering that the mandate of these two regional regulations is to form a Cluster Human Trafficking duties at the Regency Level have not been carried out, so that the relevant agencies cannot coordinate optimally. Optimizing the Eradication of Human Trafficking in East Lombok Regency can be done by forming a Human Trafficking Task Force so that inter-agency cooperation can run optimally. The formation of the Human Trafficking Task Force will provide certainty regarding the involvement of human resources, funding and facilities and infrastructure. Apart from the role of the Human Trafficking Task Force, of course there is also a need for public awareness, especially prospective migrant workers, to register themselves legally so that they can prevent them from becoming victims of Human Trafficking.Rendahnya informasi mengenai migrasi tenaga kerja di masyarakat Provinsi NTB mengakibatkan tidak sedikit calon Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI) rawan terhadap malpraktek rekrutmen dan dapat berakibat terjadinya eksploitasi terhadap calon Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI) sehingga berpotensi menjadi korban perdagangan orang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Efektivitas Perda Provinsi NTB Nomor 10 Tahun 2008 dan hambatan serta peluang pencegahan dan pemberantasan perdagangan orang sebagai upaya pencegahan human trafficking di Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Jenis Penelitian ini yaitu yuridis empiris dengan lokasi penelitian di Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Penelitian terdahulu yang dapat dijadikan rujukan yaitu Jurnal Any Suryani H., dengan judul Penyuluhan Hukum tentang Pencegahan Perdagangan Orang di Desa Malaka Kecamatan Pemenang Kabupaten Lombok Utara. Penekanan dalam penelitian Any Suryani yaitu mengenai masyarakat yang belum mampu memahami tentang perdagangan orang serta bahaya dari perdagangan orang dan cara bekerja di luar negeri yang aman. Penelitian ini berbeda dengan penelitian sebelumnya baik dari substansi maupun lokasi pelaksanaan. Adapun hasil penelitian ini yaitu bahwa Perda Provinsi NTB Nomor 10 Tahun 2008 belum berjalan secara optimal dikarenakan masih terdapat beberapa unsur efektivitas hukum yang belum terpenuhi diantaranya, pertama unsur kaidah hukum (substance of law) sudah mengatur mengenai tugas dan tanggungjawab pemerintah daerah untuk membentuk Gugus Tugas TPPOn namun pada unsur kedua yaitu unsur penegak hukum (structure of law) Gugus Tugas TPPO hanya terbentuk ditingkat provinsi saja, sedangkan di Kabupaten Lombok Timur masih belum terbentuk, ketiga unsur sarana (fasilitas) Kabupaten Lombok Timur belum memiliki Balai Rehabilitasi untuk korban TPPO, keempat unsur kesadaran masyarakat yaitu rendahnya tingkat kepatuhan masyarakat untuk mendaftarkan diri sebagai Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI) yang sesuai dengan prosedur, dan kelima unsur budaya masyarakat (culture of law) yaitu paham patriarki yang cukup kuat mengakibatkan tingginya masyarakat, khususnya perempuan untuk bekerja menjadi PMI.
Kata Kunci
:
Efektivitas Perda NTB; Human Trafficking Lombok Timur; Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan TPP
Balancing The Principles of Non-Refoulment and National Security in The Protection of Refugee Rights: A Legal and Policy Analysis of Refugee Handling in Australia
Full text linkThis study examines the delicate balance between the principle of non-refoulement and national security in protecting refugee rights, focusing on Australia’s approach to handling refugees. Non-refoulement, a fundamental principle of international refugee law, prohibits the forced return of individuals to countries where they may face persecution. However, ensuring national security while upholding refugee rights poses challenges, particularly in the face of global migration crises and security concerns. Through a case study of Australia’s refugee policies and practices, this research explores the complexities of navigating between these principles, considering legal frameworks, policy implications, humanitarian considerations, and the impact on refugee lives. The findings contribute to understanding the intricate dynamics of balancing humanitarian obligations with national security imperatives in refugee protection efforts. The findings of this research suggest that no balancing act can be justified by international law. Turn-back measures cannot be used to balance Australia’s international obligations to protect refugees. This will lead to violations of the human rights of asylum seekers who will be returned. The act of turning back is hazardous and has the potential to bring threats and persecution to asylum seekers who are returned to their country of arrival, country of origin, or third countries
Assessing the Relevance of Change Management Strategy in Moroccan Public Sector Reform
Full text linkThis study examines the challenges and strategies in implementing change within Moroccan public institutions, with a particular focus on civil servants’ roles in reform success. Data were collected from 172 participants across key ministries involved in the Administrative Reform Plan (2018–2021). The research evaluates strategies for addressing resistance, fostering engagement, and managing transitions effectively, providing a nuanced understanding of how organizational changes are received and managed. To enhance the depth of analysis, this paper incorporates a comparative perspective, examining change management approaches in public reforms conducted in France and Canada. This comparison offers valuable insights into best practices and innovative solutions for managing reforms in diverse administrative and cultural contexts. The findings reveal the critical importance of adopting comprehensive and inclusive strategies that address structural and human challenges, ensuring that reforms are both effective and sustainable. By integrating empirical data with international benchmarks, this study contributes significantly to the discourse on public sector transformation and offers practical recommendations for policymakers navigating the complexities of change
An Analyzing the Enforcement of Fines on Foreign Offenders of Fisheries Crimes in the Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone (IEEZ)
No full textIndonesia has vast and diverse fisheries potential, as the sea accounts for approximately 70 percent of the territory. Consequently, numerous foreign nationals sail in the Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone (IEEZ) for fishing and many of them violate the regulations concerning resource utilization, conservation, and management within the IEEZ. However, based on the current legal provisions, foreign offenders are only subject to monetary fines or, in some cases, imprisonment. Regrettably, in practice, many foreign suspects fail to pay the imposed fines or opt for imprisonment as a substitute, burdening the Attorney General's Office and even the state itself. This analysis uses normative juridical methods and qualitative data to evaluate the enforcement of criminal fines on foreign perpetrators of fisheries crimes within the Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone (IEEZ). This research examined the effectiveness of enforcing criminal fines on foreign perpetrators, highlighting issues such as the inadequate enforcement of legal regulations, the ineffectiveness of the existing legal structure in imposing criminal fines on all individuals convicted of fisheries crimes in the IEEZ, and the prevailing shortcomings in the legal culture.Sebagai negara yang 70 persen wilayahnya terdiri dari laut, Indonesia memiliki potensi perikanan yang sangat besar dan beragam. Tak heran, banyak warga negara asing yang berlayar hingga mencari ikan di Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif (ZEE) Indonesia. Sehingga, banyak diantara mereka (warga asing) yang melanggar hukum dalam melakukan pemanfaatan, konservasi dan pengelolaan sumber daya di ZEE Indonesia. Namun berdasarkan peraturan hukum yang ada saat ini, warga asing yang melanggar hukum hanya boleh dikenakan pembayaran denda atau menggantinya dengan kurungan. Meski kenyataannya banyak tersangka warga asing yang tidak membayar denda maupun menggantinya dengan pidana kurungan hingga menjadi beban piutang Kejaksaan dan bahkan negara. Oleh karena itu, berdasarkan metode yuridis normatif dan data kualitatif, penulis akan menganalisis bagaimana Analisis Eksekusi Pidana Denda Terhadap Pelaku Asing Tindak Pidana Perikanan Di Wilayah Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif Indonesia (ZEEI). Di mana Pemerintah harus membuat aturan lebih detail untuk mencegah kerugian negara sesuai dengan substansi hukum (legal substance), struktur hukum (legal structure) dan budaya hukum (legal culture)nya dalam penanganan perkara ZEE Indonesia
Urgensi Pengesahan RUU Energi Baru dan Terbarukan dalam Upaya Pengembangan Energi Yang Berkelanjutan
No full textEnergy consumption in Indonesia remains heavily reliant on fossil fuels, including oil, gas, and coal, while new and renewable energy sources are still considered alternatives. This dependence on fossil fuels presents at least three significant risks: 1) the exhaustion of current oil reserves, assuming no new discoveries are made; 2) price volatility and instability due to demand outstripping oil production; and 3) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from burning fossil fuels. Consequently, to support Indonesia’s commitment to sustainable energy development, the ratification of the Draft Law on New and Renewable Energy (RUU EBT) should be prioritized. This study aims to identify and analyze the urgency of ratifying RUU EBT in promoting sustainable energy development, as well as the regulatory framework within RUU EBT that emphasizes sustainability principles. The research employs a normative legal research methodology, incorporating statutory, conceptual, and case study approaches. The study’s findings reveal that the legal framework governing new and renewable energy (EBT) in Indonesia is currently fragmented across various laws and regulations. Moreover, the existing regulations issued by the Government related to EBT frequently undergo changes, which undermines their ability to provide a strong legal foundation and guarantee legal certainty. This is because they have not been comprehensively consolidated into a single law. Additionally, the implementation of EBT is guided by principles such as benefit, efficiency, justice, sustainability, resilience, sovereignty, independence, accessibility, participation, and integration.Konsumsi energi di Indonesia bisa dikatakan masih didominasi oleh energi fosil (minyak bumi, gas bumi, dan batubara), sementara energi baru dan terbarukan (EBT) sifatnya masih alternatif. Ketergantungan terhadap energi fosil memunculkan sekurang-kurangnya tiga ancaman serius yaitu: 1) Menipisnya cadangan minyak bumi yang ada (asumsi tanpa temuan sumur minyak baru); 2) Kenaikan/ketidakstabilan harga akibat laju permintaan yang lebih besar dari produksi minyak; dan 3) Polusi gas rumah kaca (GRK) akibat pembakaran bahan bakar fosil. Maka demi mendukung komitmen Indonesia dalam mengembangkan energi yang berkelanjutan, pengesahan Rancangan Undang-Undang tentang Energi Baru dan Terbarukan (RUU EBT) sudah selayaknya menjadi prioritas utama. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis urgensi pengesahan RUU EBT dalam upaya pengembangan energi yang berkelanjutan serta kerangka pengaturan EBT dalam RUU EBT yang mengedepankan pada prinsip kelestarian dan berkelanjutan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah tipe penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual, dan pendekatan kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur EBT saat ini masih tersebar dalam berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan. Selain itu, regulasi yang ada dan telah diterbitkan oleh Pemerintah terkait EBT sering mengalami perubahan sehingga belum dapat menjadi landasan hukum yang kuat dan menjamin kepastian hukum, karena belum diatur secara komprehensif dalam satu undang-undang. Selain itu, Penyelenggaraa EBT dilakukan berdasar pada asas kemanfaatan, efisiensi, berkeadilan, kelestarian, dan keberlanjutan, ketahanan, kedaulatan, dan kemandirian, aksesibiltas, partisipatif, dan keterpaduan
Legal Protection for Investors against Fraud by Market Manipulation in the Indonesian Capital Market
Full text linkFraudulent acts through market manipulation in the capital market can lead to investors receiving false information in their investment decisions, resulting in unprotected investor funds and unsustainable capital market industry operations. This article employs a normative legal method. Market price manipulation in the capital market falls under the category of fraud in the capital market as it is done with the intention of self-gain and deception, creating a semblance not based on actual material facts to influence others to buy, sell, or hold securities. Protection for investors can be achieved through two approaches: preventive measures by mandating all issuers to adhere to the principle of full disclosure supervised by the Financial Services Authority, and criminal measures where perpetrators of fraud in the capital market can face sanctions of up to 10 years imprisonment or fines of Rp 15 billion following Article 104 of the Capital Market Law. However, existing regulations are still insufficient in protecting the legal interests of investors from fraudulent activities in the capital market due to several factors including the ineffectiveness of the Capital Market Law, weak law enforcement, lack of legal protection mechanisms for investors who suffer losses due to market manipulation, and sanctions deemed ineffective
Authority for Calculating State Economic Losses in Criminal Acts of Corruption in Indonesia
Full text linkThis article will analyze the elements and authority to calculate state economic losses to achieve justice for criminal acts of corruption in Indonesia. The research methodology employed is normative juridical, with a focus on literature reviews and relevant legislation. The research findings indicate that corruption is not only related to state financial losses but also to state economic losses. The regulation of elements of state economic losses and the authority to calculate state economic losses in Indonesia have not been regulated firmly and completely in laws and regulations so it will give rise to different interpretations from law enforcement officers. The unclear regulation of elements and authority in calculating state economic losses will result in different indicators for determining the value of calculating state economic losses which will result in different results of calculating state economic losses which can be detrimental the defendant because the calculation results exceed the unlawful acts he committed and can also detrimental the state if the calculation results are much lower than the state economic losses incurred