Jurnal IUS (Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan)
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Non-Formal Legitimacy of Constitutional Change and Public Perception in The Reform of the 1945 Constitution Through Constitutional Court Decisions
Full text linkProblematics of the legitimacy of non-formal constitutional changes through judicial decisions in the context of constitutional reform in Indonesia, with a focus on public perception as the main determinant of acceptance or rejection of these changes. Constitutional changes that do not go through formal procedures, carried out through the interpretation of judicial institutions, raise debates about the limits of institutional authority and the integrity of basic norms in the legal system. The purpose of the study was to evaluate how public perception affects the legitimacy of non-formal constitutional change through constitutional court decisions. This research uses a juridical-normative approach with the support of qualitative data analysed descriptively and evaluatively on several Constitutional Court decisions that are considered to contain elements of changes in constitutional norms. The novelty of this research lies in emphasizing the analysis of the relationship between public perception, trust in judicial institutions, and the direction of constitutional reform. The results show that without public support, constitutional change through non-formal channels risks delegitimization, and has the potential to create a crisis of confidence in constitutional institutions. This research contributes to promoting transparency, participation and accountability in the practice of judicial-based constitutional reform
Protecting Indigenous Rights in the Indonesia–Papua New Guinea Border Area
Full text linkThe determination of customary land rights for indigenous communities in border areas grows increasingly complex when assessing individual claims within the framework of collective rights. This study aims to formulate a legal protection model for the customary land rights of indigenous communities along the Indonesia-Papua New Guinea border. To formulate this model, the research will comparatively analyze the conceptual frameworks governing customary rights across three existing border areas, namely in Jayapura Regency, Boven Digoel Regency, and Merauke Regency. The research method used is normative empirical, with data collection techniques through observation, documentation, and interviews. The data analysis technique used in this legal research is qualitative-descriptive data analysis. Critical Review of previous studies reveals a significant research gap regarding the protections for customary law communities, especially customary land rights in the Papua border area. This study identifies the absence of a comprehensive scholarly examination regarding the protection and control of customary land rights in the border area between Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, especially in Merauke Regency, Boven Digoel Regency, and Jayapura Regency
The Concept of Corporate Criminal Liability in the Indonesian Criminal Law System
Full text linkThe development of corporations as main actors in economic activities brings significant impacts, both positive and negative on society and the environment. The phenomenon of corporate crime that harms the state, the public, and the environment drives the urgency of reforming corporate criminal liability in the Indonesian criminal law system. This study conceptually examines corporate criminal liability through a normative juridical and comparative approach, analyzing doctrines of criminal liability such as strict liability and vicarious liability (Article 37 of Indonesia’s new Criminal Code), as well as exploring the development of other liability models like corporate culture, identification theory, and management failure, which are relevant for application in Indonesian Criminal Law. In Indonesia’s new Criminal Code (KUHP), the recognition of corporations as criminal law subjects and their criminal liability is regulated under Articles 45 to 49, although normative problems persist concerning fault boundaries, structural relationships, criteria, and limitations of criminal liability. The study’s findings indicate that corporate punishment demands a legal system that is adaptive, and accountable, and considers organizational structure and internal corporate culture while upholding the principles of justice and proportionality in criminal law. By adopting contemporary theories and strengthening norms in sectoral laws, the corporate criminal liability system is expected to be able to provide deterrent effects and more effective protection for public interests
Legal Protection System for Children Left Behind by Indonesian Migrant Workers: A Multilevel SCII Strategy Approach
Full text linkThis study investigates the systemic neglect experienced by children of Indonesian migrant workers through the lens of the SCII (Societal, Community, Institutional, Individual) strategy. Despite the economic benefits of labor migration, an estimated 11,732 children in East Lombok remain in vulnerable caregiving arrangements, often overseen by elderly or extended family members. Using an empirical juridical method, data were collected from March to July 2025 through semi-structured interviews, field observations, and document analyses involving seven key informants, including government officials, caregivers, and child protection advocates. The findings reveal a 70% gap between national child protection mandates and local enforcement. For example, only two of ten migrant-sending villages possess local regulations addressing the welfare of left-behind children. Cultural norms such as begawé (communal work) and saling jaga (mutual care) create informal safety nets but also obscure neglect and discourage reporting due to respect for kinship hierarchies. Institutional actors such as schools and health centers remain underutilized; 80% of teachers interviewed lacked standard procedures to identify or report neglect cases. The study highlights SCII’s potential to integrate formal legal mandates with community-based practices and concludes that a pluralistic, multilevel, and context-sensitive protection model is essential to ensure accountability and sustainability in safeguarding migrant workers’ children.Studi ini menyelidiki pengabaian sistemik yang dialami anak-anak pekerja migran Indonesia melalui perspektif strategi SCII (Sosial, Komunitas, Institusional, Individu). Meskipun migrasi tenaga kerja berkontribusi terhadap pembangunan ekonomi, migrasi ini seringkali menempatkan anak-anak dalam situasi pengasuhan yang rentan, terutama di daerah pedesaan seperti Lombok Timur. Studi ini mengevaluasi bagaimana kerangka kerja SCII dapat berfungsi sebagai sistem hukum untuk mengatasi pengabaian anak dalam konteks ini. Dengan menggunakan metode yuridis empiris, penelitian ini menggunakan wawancara dengan pengasuh, pejabat pemerintah, advokat perlindungan anak, observasi lapangan, dan analisis dokumen hukum. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan yang signifikan antara undang-undang perlindungan anak formal Indonesia dan implementasinya di tingkat lokal. Norma budaya seperti pengasuhan komunal memberikan dukungan informal tetapi seringkali mengaburkan pengabaian dan kurangnya akuntabilitas hukum. Aktor-aktor institusional, terutama sekolah dan pusat kesehatan, kurang dimanfaatkan, sementara pengasuh tetap tidak didukung, dan anak-anak dikecualikan dari mekanisme perlindungan. Studi ini menyoroti potensi kerangka kerja SCII untuk mengintegrasikan mandat hukum dari atas ke bawah dengan tindakan komunitas dan institusional dari bawah ke atas. Penelitian ini berargumen bahwa sistem perlindungan anak yang efektif harus bersifat pluralistik, bertingkat, dan peka terhadap konteks. Temuan ini berkontribusi pada literatur tentang kesejahteraan anak, pluralisme hukum, dan tata kelola migrasi, menawarkan wawasan praktis untuk reformasi kebijakan dan menyarankan penerapan model SCII yang lebih luas di wilayah-wilayah yang terdampak serupa
Legal Policy Model of the Red and White Village Cooperative (KDMP): Implementation Factors and Comparative Insights from Brazil, Denmark, and Japan
Full text linkThis study examines the legal policy model of the Red and White Village Cooperative (KDMP), the determinants of its implementation, and Indonesia’s comparative position vis-à-vis cooperative systems in Brazil, Denmark, and Japan. The urgency of this research stems from the Indonesian government’s large-scale initiative to establish and revitalize more than 80,000 village cooperatives through a centralized, top-down regulatory framework, implemented amid persistent structural challenges, including regulatory ambiguity, limited managerial and digital capacity, uneven infrastructure, and variations in community participation. Without careful legal policy evaluation, this model risks reproducing structural weaknesses previously observed in Indonesia’s Village Unit Cooperatives (KUD). Employing a normative–empirical legal methodology that integrates statutory analysis, conceptual inquiry, comparative law, and a sociological approach supported by interviews and field-based questionnaires in selected villages in West Nusa Tenggara, the study finds that KDMP’s legal policy is predominantly shaped by Thomas R. Dye’s institutional and process models. This centralized framework enables rapid nationwide implementation but reveals a structural misalignment between legal design and practical readiness at the village level. Implementation outcomes are influenced by both juridical factorsparticularly regulatory clarity and policy coherence and non-juridical factors, including human resources, digital infrastructure, and levels of member participation. A comparative analysis based on Ragone and Smorto’s functional framework demonstrates that, while Indonesia shares normative cooperative objectives with Brazil, Denmark, and Japan, differences in governance structures significantly affect sustainability outcomes. Brazil and Denmark illustrate the advantages of autonomy-based, bottom-up cooperative models operating under flexible legal regimes. At the same time, Japan represents a hybrid trajectory in which early state coordination gradually transitions toward member-centered governance. This study contributes an integrated legal-policy model of KDMP that connects implementation realities with comparative insights. The findings indicate that strengthening member-based governance, simplifying overlapping regulations, and gradually reducing excessive centralization are essential to enhance sustainability, community ownership, and the long-term effectiveness of village-based cooperatives in Indonesia.
Journal keywords: Legal Policy Model, Comparative Law, and Merah Putih Village CooperativeTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan Model Kebijakan Hukum Koperasi Desa Merah Putih dalam Pengembangan Koperasi Berbasis Desa di Indonesia, Faktor Penghambat dan Pendukung Implementasi Model Kebijakan Hukum Hukum Koperasi Desa Merah Putih Di Indonesia dan Perbadingan dengan negara Brasil, Denmark dan Jepang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif-empiris dengan Pendekatan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan (Statute Approach), Pendekatan Konseptual (Conceptual Approach), Pendekatan Komparatif (Comparative Approach) dan Pendekatan Sosiologis (Sociological Approach). Hasil temuan dari penelitian ini adalah model kebijakan hukum Koperasi Desa Merah Putih dalam pengembangan koperasi yang berbasis Desa Di Indonesia yaitu model institusional dan model proses sangat relevan dalam konteks kebijakan hukum koperasi desa merah putih di Indonesia yang bercorak top-down dengan kelebihan serta kekurangannya. Terdapat faktor penghambat dan pendukung implementasi model kebijakan hukum Koperasi Desa Merah Putih Di Indonesia yang secara garis besarnya adalah pertama: Faktor Yuridis (Hukum) dan Kebijakan Program dan kedua: Faktor Non-Yuridis (Internal dan Eksternal Program). Selanjutnya perbandingan dengan negara yang telah sukses seperti Brasil dengan model yang bercorak bottom-up, Denmark dengan model yang bercorak bottom-up, dan Jepang dengan model yang bercorak hybrid atau gabungan dari top-down dan bottom-up.
Kata kunci jurnal : Model Kebijakan Hukum, Perbandingan Hukum dan Koperasi Desa Merah Puti
Regional Government Responsibility as A Controlling Shareholder in The Collapse of BPR Aceh Utara
Full text linkThe North Aceh Regency Government established BPR Aceh Utara as a means of public service for PAD sources. BPR Aceh Utara runs a conventional business in accordance with the Banking Law. In 2018, the Aceh Government formed the Qanun LKS, which stipulates that financial institutions operating in Aceh are based on Sharia Principles. In OJK Letter Number: S-29 / KO.05011 / 2018, it is emphasized that all financial institutions in Aceh are required to switch from conventional to sharia, the Qanun LKS. However, BPR Aceh Utara cannot be transferred to the sharia system because the North Aceh Government, as the Controlling Shareholder, did not make capital participation and restructuring, so that its business license was revoked by the OJK with its decision Number KEP-27 / D.03 / 2024 concerning the Revocation of BPR Aceh Utara Business License. This is very detrimental to customers, employees, local governments, and the community. This study uses normative and empirical legal research methods, incorporating a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, and a comparative approach. Data collection was carried out through library research, including an analysis of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials as well as non-legal sources. Additionally, field research was carried out through interviews with respondents and informants who can provide relevant information about BPR Aceh Utara. The results of the study indicate that: First, efforts to improve the health of BPR Aceh Utara are not optimal because the Controlling Shareholder does not make capital participation as determined by the OJK and regulated in the Qanun on Capital Participation. Second, legal protection for customers is carried out by LPS by making savings payments that meet the requirements. Third, the Regional Head as the Controlling Shareholder is not responsible for the bankruptcy of BPR Aceh Utara. It is recommended that the regional head strengthen capital, foster BUMD management so that they are able to provide public services and PAD income
Empowering Local Workers To Resolve Social Conflicts In West Aceh District’s Palm Oil Sector
Full text linkThis study starts with the existence of social conflict and the importance of resolving social conflict between oil palm plantation companies through the empowerment of local workers. For the sustainability of the oil palm plantation business and improving people’s welfare. Article 74 paragraph (2) of Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies (UUPT) and Article 2, paragraph (1) letter e of Law Number 19 of 2003 concerning State-Owned Enterprises. Although efforts to resolve the conflict between the community and oil palm plantation companies in West Aceh have been made, the conflict has not been resolved until now. This study aims to analyze the obstacles to resolving social conflict between the community and oil palm plantation companies in West Aceh. This study uses a sociological legal approach to look more deeply at the effectiveness of law in society. The study uses primary data and secondary data as well as field data in West Aceh. The results of the study indicate that the obstacles to resolving the conflict between the community and oil palm plantation companies in West Aceh are because many productive-age villagers are not working and the empowerment program is not running effectively. This study produces a model for empowering local workers through CSR budgets to provide job training to productive age people aged 18-35 years so that productive age people have skills that can encourage them to live independently and improve their quality of life
Dari Lembaga Eksekutif ke Komisi Independen: Perkembangan Penuntutan Kejahatan dan Pelajaran dari Indonesia
No full textThis study aims to analyze the impact of political dynamics on institutional independence in criminal prosecution processes, focusing on the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) and the National Human Rights Commission (Komnas HAM) in post-1998 democratic transition Indonesia. The central issue examined is how constitutional weaknesses are exploited by lawmakers to manipulate institutional design, thereby undermining the capacity of these bodies to function independently. Utilizing a socio-legal methodology that integrates legal analysis with social science perspectives, this interdisciplinary approach explores the interplay between institutional frameworks, regulatory structures, and political dynamics. The findings reveal that the concept of the unitary executive, previously abandoned, has reemerged as a justification for political intervention in institutional design. Consequently, both the KPK and Komnas HAM have experienced a significant erosion of their institutional independence, impairing their effectiveness in addressing corruption and human rights violations. This study contributes to theoretical debates on institutional challenges in emerging democracies and offers practical insights for safeguarding institutional autonomy to ensure the accountability and integrity of governance structures.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak dinamika politik terhadap independensi kelembagaan dalam proses penuntutan pidana, dengan fokus pada Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK) dan Komisi Nasional Hak Asasi Manusia (Komnas HAM) di Indonesia pasca transisi demokrasi tahun 1998. Isu utama yang dikaji adalah bagaimana kelemahan konstitusional dieksploitasi oleh pembuat undang-undang untuk memanipulasi desain kelembagaan, sehingga melemahkan kapasitas lembaga-lembaga tersebut untuk berfungsi secara independen. Dengan menggunakan metodologi sosio-legal yang mengintegrasikan analisis hukum dengan perspektif ilmu sosial, pendekatan interdisipliner ini mengeksplorasi interaksi antara kerangka kerja kelembagaan, struktur peraturan, dan dinamika politik. Temuan-temuannya mengungkapkan bahwa konsep kesatuan eksekutif, yang sebelumnya telah ditinggalkan, telah muncul kembali sebagai pembenaran untuk intervensi politik dalam desain kelembagaan. Akibatnya, baik KPK maupun Komnas HAM telah mengalami erosi yang signifikan terhadap independensi kelembagaan mereka, sehingga mengganggu efektivitas mereka dalam menangani korupsi dan pelanggaran hak asasi manusia. Studi ini berkontribusi pada perdebatan teoritis tentang tantangan kelembagaan di negara-negara demokrasi yang sedang berkembang dan menawarkan wawasan praktis untuk menjaga otonomi kelembagaan untuk memastikan akuntabilitas dan integritas struktur pemerintahan
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No full textThe coordination between the military and civilian justice systems in Indonesia in handling the joinder of parties in criminal cases continues to face various challenges. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the joinder of parties mechanism in strengthening law enforcement by examining the roles of military prosecutors (JAMPIDMIL) and public prosecutors. The research adopts a normative legal approach, involving a qualitative analysis of the implementation of relevant laws and regulations. The findings indicate that although Presidential Regulation Number 15 of 2021 concerning JAMPIDMIL has facilitated greater integration between the military and civilian justice systems, procedural inconsistencies and limited resources hinder effective coordination. The prosecution process is further complicated by conflicting jurisdictional determinations between the two systems. These issues, along with a fragmented legal framework and complex procedures, make the theory of an Integrated Criminal Justice System difficult to implement optimally. To address these challenges, a comprehensive strategy is required, including the establishment of a special committee to draft Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), regulatory reform, and the enhancement of human resource capabilities through targeted training. JAMPIDMIL must be empowered under strict supervision to prevent any misuse of authority. These measures are expected to improve efficiency, facilitate the transfer of cases between military and civilian courts, and enhance legal certainty in joinder cases. Despite regulatory progress, aligning the prosecution functions of military auditors and public prosecutors still demands continuous and concerted efforts to achieve higher standards of justic
Exploring Women’s Housing Challenges: Legal and Policy Solutions for Women’s Access to Adequate Housing
Full text linkWomen face significant challenges in accessing affordable and adequate housing, particularly in developing countries where discriminatory practices, gender inequality, and restrictive legal frameworks persist. Despite housing being recognised as a fundamental human right by international laws, many women around the world continue to face insecurity in this area. This issue remains largely underexplored, even though it directly impacts women’s economic and social well-being, safety, and overall quality of life. This study seeks to explore the patterns of research on women’s housing issues, identify the global challenges faced by women in accessing housing, and provide suggestions for the adoption of international practices and regulations to overcome these barriers. The research was based on a systematic literature review (SLR), which critically examined global studies on women’s housing to understand the core issues and solutions proposed by various nations. Key findings indicated that women encounter major obstacles, such as housing insecurity, gender inequality in housing access, and risks related to safety, including sexual violence. International practices, such as the Housing First model, gender-sensitive urban planning, and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), offer frameworks to mitigate these issues. Policy recommendations include the enforcement of anti-discrimination laws, expansion of affordable housing programmes, and the provision of integrated support services for women facing housing insecurity