Jurnal IUS (Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan)
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Separated State Assets in BPI Danantara and Its Relevance with Business Judgment Rules
Full text linkThe Law Number 1 Year 2025 on the Third Change of Law Number 19 Year 2003 on State-Owned Enterprise (“Amended SOE Law”) became the legal foundation of BPI Danantara’s birth. Being Indonesia’s new Sovereign Wealth Fund to boost national economic performance and public welfare, BPI Danantara carries strategic importance, especially in consolidating SOE dividends and State assets investments. However, the fund’s dual legal character which is public in ownership but private in operational structure raises serious questions about asset status, liability, and governance. This paper found that separated state assets in BPI Danantara constitute state finances, and the Business Judgment Rule (BJR) is not a suitable framework for managing these assets. Even if legal protections such as the BJR are in place, a lack of structural safeguards and transparency mechanisms can undermine investor confidence and trigger legal disputes. To address the norm conflict, this paper proposes a two-pronged approach under a normative legal method: (1) legislative clarification on the status of separated state assets under both finance and corporate law; and (2) codified governance mechanisms that ensure oversight without stifling legitimate business risk-taking. Such reforms would offer BPI Danantara directors the confidence to act decisively under BJR while ensuring accountability standards expected of stewards of public wealth
Justice and Sustainability: Legal Perspectives on Mining and Tourism in Raja Ampat
Full text linkThe centralization of mining management as stipulated in Law Number 2 of 2025 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining has created various problems in its implementation, including environmental damage, corruption of mining permits, and degradation of the existence of indigenous communities. In the context of the implementation of regulations on mining permit management in tourism areas, as occurred in Raja Ampat, it threatens the existence of sustainable tourism that depends on the natural beauty and diversity of marine biota. This research is a normative legal research that also orients the socio-legal aspects to assess the impact of mining exploration permits in the Raja Ampat tourism area. The approach used in this research is a statutory regulatory approach and a conceptual approach. The purpose of this study is to explain the urgency protection law to area tourism based natural from activity extractive mining. The results of this study confirm that mining activities in the Raja Ampat tourism area are contradictory and cannot go hand in hand because the existence of mining in the Raja Ampat tourism area degrades the environment that is the backbone of ecotourism-based tourism. Protection of sustainable tourism areas from mining activities is urgently carried out by including the Raja Ampat tourism area in a conservation area as regulated in Law Number 1 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 27 of 2007 concerning Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands and the Constitutional Court Decision Number 35/PUU-XXI/2023, which affirms that small islands and coastal areas must be protected from extractive activities such as mining to preserve environmental sustainability and the rights of local communities.The centralization of mining management as stipulated in Law Number 2 of 2025 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining has created various problems in its implementation, including environmental damage, corruption of mining permits, and degradation of the existence of indigenous communities. In the context of the implementation of regulations on mining permit management in tourism areas, as occurred in Raja Ampat, it threatens the existence of sustainable tourism that depends on the natural beauty and diversity of marine biota. This research is a normative legal research that also orients the socio-legal aspects to assess the impact of mining exploration permits in the Raja Ampat tourism area. The approach used in this research is a statutory regulatory approach and a conceptual approach. The purpose of this study is to explain the urgency protection law to area tourism based natural from activity extractive mining. The results of this study confirm that mining activities in the Raja Ampat tourism area are contradictory and cannot go hand in hand because the existence of mining in the Raja Ampat tourism area degrades the environment that is the backbone of ecotourism-based tourism. Protection of sustainable tourism areas from mining activities is urgently carried out by including the Raja Ampat tourism area in a conservation area as regulated in Law Number 1 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 27 of 2007 concerning Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands and the Constitutional Court Decision Number 35/PUU-XXI/2023, which affirms that small islands and coastal areas must be protected from extractive activities such as mining to preserve environmental sustainability and the rights of local communities
Legal Protection For Vulnerable Workers in The Labor Social Security System in Order to Increase The Participation of Social Security: A Case Study of Padang City
Full text linkVulnerable workers, often engaged in informal sectors with low and unstable incomes, face significant barriers in accessing employment-based social security programs. In the social security system, according to Law No.40/2004 and Law No.24/2011 who are social security participants are independent participants, wage recipients and contribution recipients (poor people, while informal workers are not mentioned as participants covered by the Government. This article aims to find out how social security protection is for informal workers and who is responsible for the payment of their membership contributions as social security participants. Using an empirical legal research method, the study analyzes the implementation of social security policies at the local level, particularly initiatives to include informal workers such as fishermen, religious educators, and ride-hailing drivers. Data were collected through field observation, interviews with relevant stakeholders, and review of secondary legal documents. The study reveals that local government initiatives play a critical role in expanding enrollment, particularly through targeted identification of eligible workers and the allocation of public budget to subsidize premiums. The novelty of this research lies in its focus on subnational policy implementation and the mechanisms through which local governments operationalize inclusive social protection. The findings highlight how coordination between central and local authorities contributes to expanding access to social security and reducing socioeconomic vulnerability among informal labor groups. This study offers practical insights for policymakers seeking to close protection gaps and achieve broader coverage in employment-based social security systems
The Authority of Sub-District Heads in Revoking Land Rights for Personal Interests: Between Legality and Justice
Full text linkAfter the enactment of Law Number 22 of 1999 concerning Regional Government, currently the authority of the sub-district head as a regional head has previously been attributive and is now delegative. the aim of this research is about how is the legality of the sub-district head’s authority to release land rights for private interests. The research method used is normative juridical. The research results showed that the legality of the sub-district head’s authority to release land rights for private interests is not fulfilled. This is because there is not a single clause that states that the sub-district head can sign documents releasing land rights after the enactment of Law Number 22 of 1999 concerning Regional Government, which currently has the authority of the sub-district head as a regional head from previously being attributive and now being delegative, so that the Letter of Relinquishment of Land Rights made and signed by the District Head regarding the location of the land in question, cannot be used as a formal requirement for registration of land rights at the Land Office. Based on the applicable legal provisions, the deed of releasing land rights for private purposes should be made by a Notary. An authentic deed provides more legal certainty so as to cause justice for the party who relinquishes its rights/owner as well as for the next prospective applicant. Statement of Relinquishment of Land Rights signed by the Subdistrict of Cileungsi declared invalid / null and void
The Rights of Customary Law Communities to Resources: The Relationship of Coexistence of State Law and Customary Law
Full text linkThis research aims to determine and analyze the relationship between state law and customary law regarding the rights of customary law communities to natural resources. The application of state law and customary law is a fact related to the lives of customary law communities and their areas of life which are inseparable from natural resources. Apart from constitutional recognition as stipulated in 18 B paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, various laws and regulations in the natural resources sector also provide space for regulation of customary law communities based on policies that tend to be centralized. The research method used is normative legal research with statutory, conceptual and factual approaches with qualitative prescriptive analysis. The research results found that customary law as a guideline for managing natural resources by customary law communities does not yet fully exist because the recognition of customary law communities is partial. In the perspective of John Griffith’s theory of legal pluralism, the relationship between state law and customary law is categorized as weak legal pluralism because of the dominant right to control the state through state law. Integration of coexistence between customary law and state law can only be realized if there is a law that specifically regulates customary law communities so that it is no longer determined based on the sectoral ego of various laws that regulate natural resources
English
No full textThis research aims to discuss the urgency of explicitly regulating the Witness and Victim Protection Agency of the Republic of Indonesia (hereinafter referred to as LPSK) in future criminal procedural law. The regulation must mention the Witness and Victim Protection Agency of Republic of Indonesia or Lembaga Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban Republik Indonesia (hereinafter referred to as LPSK) as the institution implementing protection. This research uses empirical legal design through a qualitative approach. The results show that witness and victim protection is very necessary in the criminal justice process. However, LPSK as an institution implementing protection is often considered outside the main system of the criminal justice system. Firm regulations regarding the protection function in the upcoming Criminal Procedure Code (hereinafter referred to as KUHAP) are important to strengthen the position of LPSK as part of the Criminal Justice System This demonstrates the transformation of Indonesia’s legal system and contributes to a criminal justice system that is more effective, balanced, and fair.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membahas tentang pentingnya perlindungan saksi dan korban dalam proses peradilan pidana untuk mewujudkan sistem peradilan pidana yang adil. Dalam konteks ini, perlindungan saksi dan korban perlu diatur dalam hukum acara pidana yang akan datang. Pengaturan tersebut harus menyebutkan Lembaga Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban Republik Indonesia (selanjutnya disebut LPSK) sebagai lembaga yang melaksanakan fungsi perlindungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum empiris melalui pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan saksi dan korban sangat diperlukan dalam proses peradilan pidana. Namun, LPSK sebagai lembaga yang melaksanakan perlindungan sering dianggap berada di luar sistem utama sistem peradilan pidana. Pengaturan yang tegas mengenai fungsi perlindungan dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana (selanjutnya disebut KUHAP) yang akan datang penting untuk memperkuat posisi LPSK sebagai bagian dari Sistem Peradilan Pidana. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya transformasi sistem hukum Indonesia dan berkontribusi pada sistem peradilan pidana yang lebih efektif, berimbang, dan adil
The Civil Society Engagement in Malaysian National Education System: How the Organizations Should Be Seek Justice in Multi Racial Society?
Full text linkCivil society exists due to a democratic state system, which guarantees freedom of movement, gathering and voicing aspirations. The role of civil society in national development has become an important element, especially in the education sector. This article discusses the influence and involvement of civil society in the country’s education policy. The focus of the study is to see the extent of the role and expectations of civil society in Malaysian National Education Policy. The research methodology is qualitative by using face-to-face interview as a research method. The informants were selected from civil society experts and representatives who advocated national education. The results of the study found four main influences of the involvement of civil society in changing the national education policy. First, civil society acts as a social control and balancer of government decisions in the education system. Second, a role in the structural improvement in the education system. Third, as a change agent of education policy, and finally it acts as a driving force for social justice in the education system in Malaysia. In conclusion, civil society plays an important role in changing the country’s education policy. That role has become a check and balance on any policy making and implementation related to national education issues.Masyarakat sipil ada karena sistem negara demokratis, yang menjamin kebebasan bergerak, berkumpul, dan menyuarakan aspirasi. Peran masyarakat sipil dalam pembangunan nasional telah menjadi elemen penting, terutama di sektor pendidikan. Artikel ini membahas pengaruh dan keterlibatan masyarakat sipil dalam kebijakan pendidikan negara. Fokus studi ini adalah untuk melihat sejauh mana peran dan harapan masyarakat sipil dalam Kebijakan Pendidikan Nasional Malaysia. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan menggunakan wawancara tatap muka sebagai metode penelitian. Informan dipilih dari para ahli masyarakat sipil dan perwakilan yang memperjuangkan pendidikan nasional. Hasil penelitian menemukan empat pengaruh utama dari keterlibatan masyarakat sipil dalam mengubah kebijakan pendidikan nasional. Pertama, masyarakat sipil bertindak sebagai pengontrol sosial dan penyeimbang keputusan pemerintah dalam sistem pendidikan. Kedua, berperan dalam perbaikan struktural dalam sistem pendidikan. Ketiga, sebagai agen perubahan kebijakan pendidikan, dan akhirnya bertindak sebagai penggerak keadilan sosial dalam sistem pendidikan di Malaysia. Sebagai kesimpulan, masyarakat sipil memainkan peran penting dalam mengubah kebijakan pendidikan negara. Peran tersebut telah menjadi cek dan keseimbangan dalam setiap pembuatan dan pelaksanaan kebijakan yang terkait dengan isu pendidikan nasional
PENATAAN UMKM INDONESIA DI ERA DIGITAL YANG BERKEMANFAATAN HUKUM: PERBANDINGAN DENGAN TIONGKOK
No full textThe legal empowerment of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) involves strategic policies aimed at enhancing the resilience and competitiveness of the MSME sector within a national legal framework. This encompasses aspects such as licensing, regulatory compliance, capacity building, market access, technological integration, financing mechanisms, and institutional collaboration among the government, private sector, and civil society. In the era of digital transformation, many Indonesian MSME owners face significant challenges due to limited capacity to adapt to rapid technological advancements, hindering their legal and commercial development. This research adopts a normative juridical method with a comparative legal approach, utilizing literature-based analysis to examine regulatory frameworks and institutional practices. As a contribution to strengthening the legal empowerment framework for MSMEs in Indonesia, this article offers a novel perspective by proposing a hybrid legal empowerment model that integrates Indonesia’s normative and principle-based legal tradition with a pragmatic, centralized governance approach as exemplified by China. It argues that legal empowerment for Indonesian MSMEs in the digital era cannot rely solely on deregulation or administrative simplification. Rather, a more comprehensive strategy is required—one that includes state-led legal facilitation, community-based digital legal literacy initiatives, and institutional redesign that systematically embeds MSMEs into the broader legal development agenda. This integrated model is proposed as a forward-looking framework to bridge Indonesia’s legal empowerment gap and to promote inclusive and sustainable growth of MSMEs within the digital economy.Penataan UMKM melibatkan strategi dan kebijakan untuk memperkuat sektor UMKM dalam suatu negara. Penataan UMKM mencakup berbagai aspek, termasuk perizinan, regulasi, pelatihan, pengembangan pasar, akses terhadap teknologi, pembiayaan, serta kolaborasi antara pemerintah, sektor swasta, dan masyarakat. Dalam era transformasi digital ini, banyak pemilik UMKM di Indonesia menghadapi tantangan tersendiri akibat ketidakmampuan beradaptasi dengan perkembangan teknologi dan digitalisasi, yang berdampak pada perkembangan serta penataan usaha mereka. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perbandingan hukum melalui studi kepustakaan. Upaya penataan UMKM di Indonesia belum terlaksana secara efektif. Hal ini disebabkan oleh berbagai tantangan regulasi, tumpang tindih kewenangan birokrasi, serta kurangnya pemanfaatan teknologi digital oleh pemilik UMKM. Oleh karena itu, dengan bercermin pada penataan UMKM di negara maju seperti Tiongkok, penataan UMKM di Indonesia perlu didukung oleh upaya penyederhanaan regulasi dan birokrasi, serta peningkatan literasi digital yang baik guna mewujudkan UMKM Indonesia yang tangguh dan mampu memanfaatkan aspek hukum secara efektif dalam menghadapi perkembangan transformasi digital
The Role of the Welfare State in Regulating Marketplace Policies to Protect the Sustainability of Micro Small and Medium Enterprises in Indonesia
Full text linkThe existence of marketplaces helps MSMEs expand their business reach and facilitates their transformation into digital MSMEs. However, issues have emerged concerning private marketplace platforms in Indonesia, particularly related to the increasing commission fees and direct-to-consumer sales by producers that bypass traditional distribution channels, disadvantaging smaller businesses. This raises the question of how local governments, as part of the welfare state, can establish and regulate marketplaces to empower MSMEs. The research method used is normative legal research with a statutory approach. The results of the study show that in accordance with the welfare state principle, the government bears responsibility for the economic welfare of its citizens. Local governments play a crucial role in supporting MSMEs by developing regionally owned marketplaces. These platforms implement policies such as differentiated commission rates based on the scale of the business, where smaller enterprises are subject to lower fees, and allow only MSME-scale producers and those selling perishable goods to conduct direct sales. These measures are intended to provide fairer access and greater protection for micro small and medium enterprises within the digital economy
The Philosophy and Essence of Ustomary Law in Southeast Asia: A Comparison of Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand
No full textCustomary law in Indonesia, Vietnam, and Thailand plays a crucial role in preserving social harmony and local cultural values, despite facing challenges from modernization, differences in formal recognition, and pressures from national laws and government policies. This study aims to analyze the philosophy, essence, as well as the similarities and differences in the implementation of customary law in Indonesia, Vietnam, and Thailand, reflecting the cultural, social, and spiritual values of each society. The research employs a normative legal method with legislative, historical, comparative, and philosophical approaches to examine the philosophy, essence, and implementation of customary law in Indonesia, Vietnam, and Thailand through the study of legal documents, local traditions, as well as primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The findings reveal that customary law in Indonesia, Vietnam, and Thailand reflects the cultural, social, and spiritual values of their communities through approaches of collectivity, harmony, and sustainability, particularly in resource management and local conflict resolution. In Indonesia, customary law formally recognized in the constitution emphasizes mutual cooperation and a harmonious relationship with nature, though it often clashes with formal law. Vietnam integrates Confucian values into customary law informally recognized at the community level, but it is frequently overshadowed by centralized state policies. Meanwhile, in Thailand, despite lacking official recognition, customary law rooted in Buddhist values remains respected as a social mechanism, especially among indigenous communities. All three countries face the challenges of modernization and globalization, which threaten the sustainability of customary law as a cultural identity and a means of maintaining social and environmental balanc