Jurnal IUS (Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan)
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Imposition of Zero Percent Royalty for Mining Companies Increasing the Added-Value of Coal in Indonesia
Full text linkIndonesia is a country rich in natural resources. The 1945 Constitution provides a mandate for the Government to manage natural resources within the jurisdiction of the State for the greatest prosperity of the people. In mining sectors, Indonesian Government requires mining companies to conduct activities to add value to coal that will provide more benefit for low-quality coal and reduce carbon emissions from the use of processed coal. To support this activity, the Government imposed a zero percent royalty policy. The purpose of this study is to analyze changes in royalty policy in Indonesia and to analyze the most beneficial profit-sharing system to be used in Indonesia. This research is legal research that uses a statutory approach, conceptual approach, and comparative approach with China and Australia to analyze the principle and regulations related to royalty and profit-sharing policies in the coal mining sector. This policy has the possibility to give impacts that will give both benefits and disadvantages that must be anticipated by the Government. The profit-sharing system that will give the maximum benefit for Indonesia is the royalty system which also reflects the principle of State control of natural resources as mandated by the 1945 Constitutio
Fungsi Pajak Terhadap Lingkungan Hidup
No full textThe environment is an integral part of human life, as it provides essential resources, including food, water, and other necessities. It is the primary source for meeting our various needs. However, many activities that claim to improve welfare and promote economic development actually cause environmental destruction, such as forest burning, illegal logging, and the exploitation of natural resources with no regard for environmental concerns. Government-led development projects require substantial funding. Funding for such projects comes from government savings, which are taxes. Taxes are a highly reliable source of revenue for the Indonesian government at both the central and local levels. Taxes are closely related to development and the environment, so studying this issue in depth is important because it has theoretical and practical value in developing environmentally sustainable practices for a just and prosperous Indonesia. This research focuses on the gap between Indonesian tax regulations, which have not yet significantly accommodated environmental conservation interests. Tax collection in Indonesia is primarily focused on fulfilling the State Budget (APBN). This research analyses the tax law system to determine how it can accommodate the government’s financial interests while also providing space for environmental protection and not hindering the community’s ability to strive for a decent and prosperous life. This descriptive-analytical research uses a normative legal approach. The research stages include a literature review and fieldwork. Data collection techniques were carried out through document studies. Conclusions and research results were drawn using qualitative normative analysis methods.Lingkungan hidup merupakan bagian mutlak dari kehidupan manusia yang mencari makan dan minum serta memenuhi kebutuhan lainnya adalah karena terdapatnya lingkungan hidup sebagai sumber pertama dan terpenting bagi pemenuhan berbagai kebutuhan. Banyak aktivitas yang berdalih untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan dan melakukan pembangunan ekonomi, manusia malah melakukan perusakan lingkungan seperti pembakaran hutan, illegal loging, pemanfaatan sumber daya alam yang tidak memperhatikan aspek lingkungan, Pembangunan yang dilakukan pemerintah memerlukan dana yang besar. Dana bagi pelaksanaan pembangunan tersebut bersumber dari tabungan pemerintah yang salah satunya berasal dari pajak yang merupakan sumber penerimaan yang sangat diandalkan pemerintah Indonesia baik oleh pemerintah pusat maupun daerah. Pajak memiliki relevansi erat dan sinergi dengan pembangunan dan lingkungan hidup, karena itu masalah tersebut sangat penting untuk dikaji secara mendalam karena memiliki nilai guna baik secara teoritis maupun praktis dalam pengembangan pembangunan berwawasan lingkungan menuju Indonesia adil Makmur. Penelitian ini didasarkan pada adanya kesenjangan antara pengaturan pajak di Indonesia yang masih belum mengakomodasi kepentingan pelestarian lingkungan hidup secara signifikan, dikarenakan pemungutan pajak di Indonesia lebih dititik beratkan pada pemenuhan segi budgeter Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara (APBN) dengan menganalisa Sistem hukum pajak bagaimana yang dapat mengakomodasi kepentingan finansial pemerintah dan sekaligus memberi ruang bagi perlindungan terhadap lingkungan hidup serta tidak menghambat kreativitas masyarakat untuk berusaha menciptakan kehidupannya yang layak dan sejahtera. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif-analitis dengan menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif. Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi kegiatan-kegiatan penelitian kepustakaan dan penetitian lapangan. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi dokumen. Penarikan simpulan dan hasil penelitian dilakukan dengan metode analisis normatif kualitatif
The Challenge of Admitting Electronic Evidence in Civil Procedure Law
Full text linkIn the digital age, the use of electronic evidence in civil disputes has become increasingly common. However, judges often face significant challenges in accepting and evaluating electronic evidence due to concerns about its authenticity, integrity, and relevance. This paper examines the factors contributing to judicial doubts regarding electronic evidence in Indonesian civil litigation and explores the implications of such doubts on the resolution of legal disputes. Drawing on case law, legal theory, and practical challenges, the paper identifies key issues such as the ease of manipulation, lack of standardized procedures for collecting and preserving digital evidence, and the limited understanding of technology among many judges. These factors create a significant barrier to the effective use of electronic evidence in court, leading to delays, case dismissals, or unjust outcomes. The paper also discusses potential solutions to overcome these challenges, including the need for clearer legal frameworks, the role of forensic digital experts, and judicial education in information technology. By addressing these concerns, this paper aims to highlight the critical importance of building trust in electronic evidence, ensuring its proper use in civil dispute resolution, and promoting a more efficient and fair legal process. Ultimately, the study proposes strategies to strengthen the role of electronic evidence in Indonesian civil law while maintaining judicial integrity and ensuring the protection of all parties involved
Legal and Constitutional Gaps in Strategic Environmental Assessment: Between Formality and Substantive Environmental Protection in Indonesia
Full text linkThe Indonesian Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is governed by Law No. 32 of 2009 on Protection and Management of the Environment. However, the implementation of Strategic Environmental Assessment still faces significant challenges, especially in fulfilling the constitutional rights of citizens to a healthy and sustainable environment. The misalignment between Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) practices and constitutional principles, particularly regarding transparency, public participation, and environmental justice, has contributed to violations of environmental rights and the perpetuation of social injustice in the development processes. This study aims to analyze the constitutionality of SEA’s application in the context of sustainable development in Indonesia. This study uses a normative legal method with legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The research results indicate that the implementation of SEA is still inconsistent with the Constitution, particularly in protecting environmental rights. Weakness of oversight and the lack of sanctions for violations of the Environmental Impact Assessment are the main obstacles to its implementation. This study has implications for the need for reforms in law enforcement, strengthening of oversight, and increasing community participation in the SEA process to ensure environmental protection and citizens’ constitutional rights
Corporate Social Responsibility Shouldn't Do Infrastructure? Spending and Overcoming Poverty with Graduation Model Theory
Full text linkUntil now there is still a lot of poverty around plantation companies such as what happened in East Kalimantan which amounted to 80,000 and in West Java almost half of the heads of families live in poverty around PT Perkebunan Nusantara VIII which is a state-owned plantation. This Study examines efforts to overcome poverty around plantation companies through corporate social responsibility using graduation model theory based on community participation. Using a socio-legal framework, empirical legal research is the study methodology used. In an attempt to combat poverty, the plantation firms' perspectives on CSR are included in the kind of primary data. Secondary data from research on CSR and Graduation Model are then added to the main data. Methods of data collecting included literature reviews and interviews. Qualitative analytic approaches were employed in the study. A definitive description of CSR, which makes it hard for many businesses to know what it really means, according to the findings. This leads to less than ideal corporate social responsibility implementation. The community believes that they are not benefiting from the presence of plantation corporations because of this. In order to combat poverty in the area of plantation firms, it is necessary to have a clear grasp of what corporate social responsibility is and to use Graduation Model Theory to empower the community. With this research, it is hoped that it can be a solution for plantation companies to carry out CSR that is more effective for the community and can erase the bad view in the eyes of the community regarding plantation companies
Reform of Islamic Inheritance Law: The Influence of Customary Law on the Institution of Wasiat Wajibah in Islamic Law
No full textThis research aims to investigate the status of the deceased's close relatives, including adopted children, illegitimate children, and children of diverse religions, within the family structure and their legitimate legal standing, thereby establishing their entitlement to inherit the decedent's property. Nonetheless, the viewpoint of the inheritance legal framework in Indonesia about the status of these immediate relatives is markedly distinct. The employed methodology is a normative or doctrinal legal study utilizing a legislative approach and analysis. Wasiat wajibah is an institution in Islamic law in Indonesia to address the problem of differing paradigms between customary law, which recognises all positions and rights of adopted children, and Islamic law, which "only" recognises adoption but does not allow mutual inheritance. The underlying thought of wasiat wajibah in Islamic jurisprudence is intended to provide a sense of justice to adopted children or those close to the heir, but they are religiously barred from inheriting a share of the inheritance. Finally, the mandatory will through Article 209 of the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) has filled the ambiguity in Islamic law by granting 1/3 of the inheritance to the adopted child from the property left by the adoptive parents. It is necessary to set standards for the future implementation of mandatory wills to ensure that judges' interpretations of these documents do not negatively impact the interests of the principal heirs
Exploring The Dynamics of Insurgency, Belligerency, and Liberation Movements with The Organization of Papua Merdeka
Full text linkInternational Law has developed significantly as there are new subjects in International Law. The rebellion groups that arise from time to time become an important matter to be discussed in the field of International Law, particularly in International Humanitarian Law. The rise of OPM in Indonesia is one of the cases to be studied in international law. This paper aims to analyze the status of OPM in Indonesia from the point of view of International Law. The analysis was elaborated on from the study of insurgency, hostility, and national liberation movements, followed by a legal study to determine the status and position of the OPM. This is a narrative review of literature and the sources are from scientific writings, case reports, and international law literature supported by news and written opinions of legal experts relevant to the subjects discussed. The information from those sources was extracted, classified, and analyzed quantitatively to answer the research question. This study concluded that, despite its history and tactics, the analysis finds that the OPM is not a national liberation movement or belligerent entity under international law. As an internal uprising, OPM must observe Indonesian law. The study emphasizes the need to address the political, economic, and social issues fueling the conflict to find a long-term solution. The Indonesian government should address Papua’s social and economic issues, and Clarifying international law on self-determination is also crucial to avoid misunderstandings that could favors separatist aspiration
Konsep dan Perlindungan Hukum atas Tindakan Administrasi Pemerintahan Berupa Tidak Melakukan Perbuatan Konkret (Omission)
No full textAfter the enactment of Law No. 30 of 2014 on Government Administration (Government Administration Law or abbreviated as UU AP in Indonesian) and Supreme Court Regulation (Perma) No. 2 of 2019, the authority of the Administrative Judiciary has expanded. The Administrative Judiciary adjudicates disputes related to administrative decisions and handles disputes related to government administrative actions (Factual Conduct). Actions that can be sued include active (performing concrete/Factual Conduct - commission) and passive (not performing concrete/Factual Conduct-omission) actions. Although Government Administration Law and Supreme Court Regulation do not provide detailed explanations regarding the meaning and criteria of passive government actions, based on studies, several criteria can be used to assess whether passive government actions can be considered unlawful. These criteria include the existence of a legal obligation that must be performed by an administrative official. The action is within the scope of their authority, the official intentionally does not fulfill the obligation, the action violates legislation and legal obligations, or the plaintiff’s subjective rights, and the existence of a permissible claim for actual damages. In terms of legal protection, citizens can file a lawsuit in the Administrative Court against the failure of a government body or official to perform a concrete action. However, in practice, various problems still arise, such as the time limit for filing lawsuits, the obligation to pursue administrative remedies first, and issues related to the tacit authorization concept
Critical Legal Analysis on Medicine or Vaccine License for Strengthening Access to Justice in Indonesia: A Case of Corona Vaccine Licensing
Full text linkThis study examines the issue of voluntary licensing for COVID-19 vaccines as a case study to understand the interaction between patent protection, contractual obligations, and accountability mechanisms during a public health emergency. Although the debate on vaccine import and export is no longer central in 2025, analyzing voluntary licensing practices from the pandemic period remains relevant for evaluating the legal and governance frameworks applied at that time. The research focuses on the licensing agreement between PT Bio Farma (Persero) and Sinovac Biotech Co., which played a crucial role in Indonesia’s vaccine procurement and production. The analysis explores how the patent regime regulated under Law Number 13 of 2016 on Patents structured the rights and obligations of the parties, including risk allocation, liability provisions, and the licensor’s responsibilities regarding the safety and performance of the vaccine. Using a statutory and conceptual approach, this study argues that voluntary licensing during the pandemic was not merely a technical mechanism for transferring patent rights, but also a process intertwined with transparency requirements, risk mitigation, and legal protection for the state and end-users. The findings aim to contribute to the body of knowledge on health governance, patent licensing in emergency situations, and the development of more accountable vaccine procurement models for future health crises
LIMITASI LIVING LAW SEBAGAI ASAS LEGALITAS MATERIL DALAM PEMBARUAN HUKUM PIDANA
No full textThe reform of criminal law constitutes an unavoidable response to the dynamic development of societal values and demands for justice. The enactment of the New Criminal Code, particularly the recognition of living law in Article 2, has generated fundamental debate concerning its implications for the principle of legality. This article aims to examine the philosophical and normative foundations of the inclusion of living law and to critically analyze the appropriate limitations of living law as a manifestation of material legality within the framework of criminal law reform. This study employs normative legal research using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The analysis of Article 2 of the New Criminal Code is conducted through systematic interpretation, by positioning the living law clause within the overall structure of the criminal law system, and teleological interpretation, by examining its objectives in balancing justice and legal certainty. The study is grounded in legal positivism and the doctrine of legal certainty as its primary theoretical analytical tools to assess the coherence of living law with the fundamental principles of legality, particularly lex certa, lex stricta, and lex scripta. The findings indicate that the principle of legality in the New Criminal Code is formulated in a material sense by acknowledging legal values that live and develop within society, in line with Article 28 of the Law on Judicial Power, which obliges judges to explore and understand the living values of law and justice. Nevertheless, the recognition of living law without clear normative boundaries poses a potential risk to legal certainty and predictability in criminal law enforcement. Therefore, this article argues that living law must be strictly limited through formal regulation at the provincial level, as mandated by Article 2 of the New Criminal Code. Such limitations are essential to ensure the protection of customary law maintained by Indigenous Communities while simultaneously safeguarding the principle of legality as the core foundation of criminal law.Pembaharuan hukum termasuk hukum pidana adalah keniscayaan, karena kebutuhan akan keadilan masyarakat yang terus berubah harus bisa diakomodasi. Disahkannya RUU KUHP sebagai bentuk pembaharuan hukum pidana telah memunculkan diskursus baru, khususnya dengan dimasukkannya klausul living law. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk menguraikan dasar filosofis dimasukkannya klausul living law di dalam KUHP Baru, serta menelaah konstruksi ideal limitasi living law sebagai asas legalitas materil dalam pembaruan hukum pidana. Penulisan artikel ini mengaplikasikan metode penelitian hukum normatif, dengan menggunakan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus. Hasil penelitian mengetengahkan bahwa asas legalitas dalam KUHP Baru dikonstruksikan bersifat materil sehingga juga mengadopsi nilai hukum yang hidup, tumbuh, sekaligus berkembang di masyarakat. Konstruksi yang demikian adalah sejalan dengan yang diamanatkan oleh Pasal 28 UU Kekuasaan Kehakiman yang menyebutkan bahwa Hakim wajib menggali, mengikuti, dan memahami nilai-nilai hukum dan rasa keadilan yang hidup dalam masyarakat. Namun rumusan living law dalam KUHP Baru tersebut perlu dilimitasi guna tetap menjaga kepastian hukum, hal tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan membuat pengaturan melalui peraturan di tingkat daerah provinsi sebagaimana amanat Pasal 2 KUHP Baru. Hal tersebut ditujukan untuk menjaga eksistensi hukum adat yang masih dijaga kelestariannya oleh Masyarakat Hukum Adat serta untuk menjaga asas legalitas khususnya legalitas materil sebagai jantungnya hukum pidana