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Future Substitutes for Diesel Fuel in U.S. Truck and Railroad Freight Transportation
Get PDFThis paper explains why diesel fuel is the preferred fuel in freight transportation. It identifies possible substitute fuels for motor carriers and railroads that are currently available and under development. It identifies which of these substitutes are likely to be used in the near and medium term years and the circumstances under which they will be used. The paper discusses which fuel efficiency measures have been successfully adopted by railroads and motor carriers. Finally, it suggests opportunities for transportation researchers to evaluate investment options to improve fuel efficiencies in freight transportation
U.S. and European Freight Railways: The Differences That Matter
Get PDFThis paper examines the differences between the United States (U.S.) and European (EU27) freight railways. The inherent or structural factors influencing the railways modal share will be evaluated. It was found that nearly all of the disparity in modal share can be explained by structural or inherent differences, like the competitiveness of non-surface modes, shipment distances (both influenced by geography), and commodity mix (namely, coal). More striking are the differences in productivity, to move the same number of tons seven times, more trains are required in Europe compared with the U.S.. Operational revenues per ton-mile are around two times higher in Europe, while the operational expenses in the U.S. are four times lower than in Europe. It is argued that setting a goal for modal share similar to the U.S. is not realistic for the EU27. A key concern for European freight railways should be the reduction of operational costs, by increasing the trains’ sizes.Distinct policy answers were given to the railroads’ crisis in the post WWII years. Soon after 1980 when reforms were introduced in the U.S. there was a revival of the sector. The same has not happened in Europe, where questions regarding infrastructure financing or the coordination of network investments and operational needs remain
Modeling Injury Severity of Young Drivers Using Highway Crash Data from Kansas
Get PDFYoung drivers have higher motor vehicle crash rates compared to other drivers, and understanding the reasons for this would help to improve safety. This study, therefore, investigated characteristics and contributory causes of young-driver crashes and developed multinomial logit models to identify severity affecting factors. It was found that teen drivers were more likely to be involved in crashes due to failure to give time and attention and falling asleep. Among other factors, alcohol involvement, not wearing a seat belt, driving without a valid license, having restrictions on driver’s license, and involvement in off-roadway crashes were factors that increased young-driver injury severity. Based on identified factors, countermeasure ideas for improving safety have also been suggested
Petrarch’s Early Manuscripts and Incunabula in the Oregon Petrarch Open Book
Get PDFWorking from transcriptions generated through the T-PEN program at St. Louis University, the collaborators of the project "Petrarch’s Early Manuscripts and Incunabula in the Oregon Petrarch Open Book" are presently digitizing and encoding in TEI P5 2 key interpretative copies of Petrarch’s Rvf: the late 14th-century manuscript copy from the Queriniana Library in Brescia, D II 21, the Queriniana Library’s copy of the first printed edition (editio princeps) of the Rvf edited by Cristoforo [Berardi?] and published by Vindelin de Speier (Spira) in Venice in 1470. The first part of the article traces a brief history of the Oregon Petrarch Open Book (OPOB), the last section introduces a future project, “Texts, Images and Interpretation in the OPOB”
Chinese Bead Curtains, Past and Present
Get PDFRelatively little is known about how beads were combined to form larger structures in China. To address this situation, this paper focuses on Chinese bead curtains. Adopting an approach that is broad rather than deep and empirical rather than theoretical, it collates evidence from the textual, material, oral, and pictorial records to consider bead curtains from various perspectives. To begin, this study defines bead curtains as textiles, door and window ornaments, screens, and types of beadwork. It then discusses bead curtains of the imperial era (221 B.C.-A.D. 1911) as they are referenced in the Chinese textual record from the 4th century on. A discussion of bead curtains of the post-imperial era (1912-present) follows, offering a small database of 20th- and 21st-centuries examples composed of organic and inorganic bead materials. While contemporary, commercially-produced Chinese bead curtains are mentioned in passing, they are not the focus of this article. Nor are bead-embellished valances addressed. As further research is undertaken, it should be possible to refine or revise the information offered here
If You Count It, They Will Come
No full textIn this presentation, Dr. Stanley Fish provides a lively and insightful critique of the digital humanities and its methods, goals, and claims. He does this using the framework of approaches to interpretation, i.e., how we decide what a given text means. Looking to constitutional law, Dr. Fish outlines three approaches to interpretation and discusses how digital technologies relate to them
"Griseldaonline". Una sfida al labirinto letterario
Get PDFGriseldaonline è un portale online di letteratura afferente al Dipartimento di Filologia Classica e Italianistica dell'Università di Bologna. L'articolo presenta il portale nella sua genesi e nelle sue possibili evoluzioni.
This article presents the Italian literary magazine Griseldaonline that was created in 2002 by a group of young scholars from the University of Bologna. The magazine has encouraged the production of new forms of critical literary writing conceived specifically for the web