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Analyzing Severity of Vehicle Crashes at Highway-Rail Grade Crossings: Multinomial Logit Modeling
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper is to develop a nominal response multinomial logit model (MNLM) to identify factors that are important in making an injury severity difference and to explore the impact of such explanatory variables on three different severity levels of vehicle-related crashes at highway-rail grade crossings (HRGCs) in the United States. Vehicle-rail and pedestrian-rail crash data on USDOT highway-rail crossing inventory and public crossing sites from 2005 to 2012 are used in this study. A multinomial logit model is developed using SAS PROC LOGISTICS procedure and marginal effects are also calculated. The MNLM results indicate that when rail equipment with high speed struck a vehicle, the chance of a fatality resulting increased. The study also reveals that vehicle pick-up trucks, concrete, and rubber surfaces were more likely to be involved in more severe crashes. On the other hand, truck-trailer vehicles in snow and foggy weather conditions, development area types (residential, commercial, industrial, and institutional), and higher daily traffic volumes were more likely to be involved in less severe crashes. Educating and equipping drivers with good driving habits and short-term law enforcement actions, can potentially minimize the chance of severe vehicle crashes at HRGCs
Circles: Networks of Reading
Get PDFWelcome to the fourth issue of Humanist Studies & the Digital Age. It continues the discourse started in the third issue, “Textualities in the Digital Age”; this time we focus on the role of the reader in digital environments. An analysis of current digital projects follows the historical and theoretical premise
Change of Paradigm: From Individual to Community-Based Scholarship
No full textThe title does not refer to the application of knowledge through faculty engagement in community-based research, teaching and service – something that is usually understood as community-engaged scholarship. The change of paradigm referred to in the title should be understood within the broader framework of the general transformation of our participatory or convergence culture in the age of social and “spreadable” media (to use a terminology made current by Richard Jenkins). As the Web 2.0 evolves toward the Web 3.0, or the semantic web, community-engaged scholarship remains one of the most crucial components of this larger and more pervasive phenomenon and this also refers to the "academic community" at large. What is at stake is not only the transformation of the procedures of scholarly research and learning but also and more importantly the transformation of its goals: traditionally based (at least in the humanities) on the individual researcher and author, knowledge work, or the scholarly mode of production, is increasingly overhauled into a collective, collaborative enterprise, on a much larger scale. Moreover, the general move from discursive to graphic-algorithmic forms of data visualization and interpretation (including textual data), has eventful consequences for critical thinking: as humanists engaged with a potentially radical transformation of the community we belong to, our most daunting task is how to transpose traditional scholarly practices onto the new platform, envisioning new goals and outputs for our traditional tasks
Forecast of CO2 Emissions From the U.S. Transportation Sector: Estimation From a Double Exponential Smoothing Model
Get PDFThis study examines whether the decreasing trend in U.S. CO2 emissions from the transportation sector since the end of the 2000s will be shown across all states in the nation for 2012‒2021. A double exponential smoothing model is used to forecast CO2 emissions for the transportation sector in the 50 states and the U.S., and its findings are supported by the validity test of pseudo out-of-sample forecasts. We conclude that the decreasing trend in transportation CO2 emissions in the U.S. will continue in most states in the future
Determinants of Per Capita Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT): The Case of California
Get PDFThis study uses multivariate regression to isolate determinants of per capita VMT in California from the National Household Travel Survey (NHTS), as well as a Chow Test to identify structural change between the 2001 and 2009 NHTS. Results across the 2001 and 2009 NHTS data sets indicate certain determinant variables have emerged over time and others have changed in strength of impact. Our findings support mixed methods VMT reduction strategies to achieve near- and long- term GHG targets
An Optimization Approach Applied to Fair Division Transportation Funding Allocation Models
Get PDFThe problem of multiple necessities and limited funds is common in the transportation field. Funding allocation for a transportation agency often involves prioritizing the allocation of funds across a number of participants who have their own needs and preferences. If a participant believes that the final allocation is unfair, then this perception could result in the generation of envy. In this paper, a genetic optimization technique is applied to a Fair Division Transportation Funding Allocation Model (FDTFAM) to minimize the total envy based on the participant’s own priorities and the budget constraints
