FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology (FUOYEJET - Federal University Oye-Ekiti)
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Evaluation of Inhibitive Performance of Acidic Extract of Eichornia Crassipeson Corrosion of Low Carbon Steel in 1M Sulphuric Acid Solution
Get PDFCorrosion inhibition potential of Eichhornia crassipes extract on low carbon steel in 1 M sulphuric acid solution was investigated using gravimetric method and corrosion rate. The experiment was carried out for 3 hours at different concentration of Eichhornia crassipes extract and temperatures of 26.6°C, 40°C and 60°C. Arrhenius and improved Arrhenius equations were used to determine the thermodynamics properties of the reaction while the nature of the reaction was proposed by adsorption isotherms. The results showed that corrosion rate decreased in the presence of the extract except in 60oC. Inhibition efficiency also increased with extract concentration with the highest (82%) occurring at room temperature and 5% concentration. Inhibition efficiency decreased with increase in temperature with almost no inhibition at 60oC, this is associated with physisorption. Activation energy () and activation enthalpy () both had positive values and they increased in the presence of Eichhornia crassipes extract, those for inhibited solution were higher than those for uninhibited solution, these can also be attributed to physisorption. Inhibition reaction obeyed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Gibbs free energy () calculated for the reaction is -8.509 to -11.767 kJ mol-1
Design and Performance Evaluation of a Mixed-Mode Solar Crop Dryer
Get PDFThis study is concerned with development and performance evaluation of a mixed-mode solar yam dryer. It was done to address the problems of uneven drying of product on different trays coordinate position in a typical indirect multiple trays dryer. Solar energy drying system was designed using the meteorological conditions of Zaria, Nigeria to dry yam slices in the mixed-mode natural convection. The dryer was designed to dry (7 kg) of yam slices. The dimensions of the dryer were: collector length, collector area, height of the drying chamber, chimney height, length of the drying chamber, and Width of the drying chamber were 0.65 m, 0.27 m2, 0.9 m, 0.7 m, 0.5 m, and 0.43 m, respectively. The solar yam dryer was exposed to solar radiation from 10:00 am to 06:00 pm and tested without load and with yam chips of 5 mm average thickness. Meteorological conditions were monitored during the dehydration process. The average drying rate, collector efficiency and drying efficiency were 2.55 kg/s, 42.20% and 25.35%, respectively. The results of performance evaluation of the solar dryer showed that the drying rate decreases by 3% and 8% in the second and third trays relative to the first tray. This shows that the drying rates did not vary significantly with the coordinate positions of the trays
Mapping and Evaluation of Flood Risk Areas along Asa River using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques
Get PDFFlooding in Ilorin city has become a yearly occurrence. Mapping and evaluation of flood risk areas along Asa River in Ilorin metropolis was carried out using the Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing. The technique used includes conversion of Digital Terrain Model (DTM) to Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) format. The geometric data was obtained from TIN through the use of United States Army Corps of Engineers, Hydrologic Engineering Centre, Geo River Analysis System (USACE HEC-geoRAS) in GIS. The obtained geometric data, Manning’s roughness coefficient (n), Expansion and contraction coefficient values and steady flow data of the River were used in HEC-RAS. The n values of 0.035, 0.016 and 0.02 were used for the channel, 0.045, 0.016 and 0.03 were used for the overbank and 0.2 was used for the bridges. Contraction and expansion co efficient value of 0.1 and 0.3 were used for channel and 0.3 and 0.5 were used for the bridges. Gumbel equation was used to estimate the flow for return period of 10, 50 and 100 years and the values of 155.13, 213.44 and 221.43 m3/s were obtained respectively. Delineated map was then compared with TIN terrain model to generate inundation map. The map revealed that some areas in Ilorin such as Coca-Cola Road, Baba Ode, Unity road, Obo Road, Taiwo-Isale, Amilengbe, Isale Koko, Mubo Phase 1, Mubo Phase 11, Royal Valley and Akerebiata prone to flood disasters. Estimated maximum top width for inundated area along the river ranges from 900.74 to 2375.11m.Keywords:-GIS, River Asa, DEM, Flood risk, HEC-RAS, Ground slop
Design and Implementation of a Sequential Digital Display for a Nigerian University
Get PDFA sequential digital display is an electronic system that is used to display information to the public. It is a device that contains light emitting diodes that conveys messages by a programmable controller or mechanical processes, regardless of size. Sequential digital display is fast gaining acceptance and application in different spheres of life. In this work, a sequential digital display system was designed and implemented. The components used include transformer, diodes, voltage regulator, resistors (fixed and variable types), capacitors, NE 555 timer, IC4017, IC7432, light emitting diodes and transistors. The aim of the project was to carry out a cost effective design, therefore, the components of the design were readily available and relatively cheap. The light emitting diodes displayed a message written as: Welcome to NOUN Ado-Ekiti study center. The project was tested and commissioned and found to meet specified design requirements.Keywords—Integrated Circuit, Light Emitting Diodes, Sequential Digital Display, Transisto
Effects of Fermentation Duration on Bio-Ethanol Yield from Cell Sap of Selected Palm Species in Nigeria
Get PDFIt is believed that feedstock for biofuel production should not constitute any form of competition in terms of food security, therefore the study considered the bioethanol potential comparison of a particular breed of palm commonly referred to as nypa palm (Nypa fruticana) which is usually of environmental concern in mangrove vegetation zones with two other species namely the raphia palm (Raphia hookeria) and oil palm (Ealasis guinesis) which are considered as having economic value. A catalysed fermentation process was carried out using Saccharomyces cerevisiae over a periods of 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 and 168 hrs at room temperature. At peak production the bioethanol from Nypa palm specie had 38.6 and 37.9% more ethanol concentration than the oil and raffia palms respectively. The biomas concentration in the nypa palm sap sample after the fermentation period were about 26.7 and 29.5% higher than what was obtainable in the oil and raffia palms. The fermentation efficiency for the three samples was observed to be 90.2, 84.5 and 87.3% for nypa, oil and raffia palms respectively. It can be concluded from results obtained that nypa palm offered the highest bioethanol production potential, thus could offer a good source of non-competitive feedstock for renewable energy production in Nigeria where the plant is usually viewed as an environmental nuisance and in some extreme cases maritime hazard.Keywords— Alcoholmeter, Bioethanol, Fermentation Efficiency, Feed Stock, Nypa Pal
Wireless Sensor Network Based Health Monitoring System for Hypertensive In-Patients
Get PDF Hypertensive-patient monitoring is a continuous process of observing closely the situation of patient's blood pressure and alerting the appropriate personnel in case of any anomaly. It usually requires the use of non-invasive sensors that are hardwired to bedside monitors. Although, present systems allow continuous monitoring of patient vital signs and limit the patient to the bed, the readings are mostly stored on the system local memory over a period of time before it is assessed for analysis. Hence, the need for a real time hypertensive patients’ monitoring system which can meet up with immediate demands of emergency cases. This paper presents a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)-based health monitoring system that addressed the aforementioned drawbacks for monitoring hypertensive in-patients. The design of the system comprises of hardware components such as blood pressure sensor, Bluetooth serial communication circuit, sensor node for base station interfaces and software components. Performance evaluation of the designed system gave an accuracy of 89.7% in blood pressure monitoring. The system is also cost effective, reliable and user friendly when compared with existing systems. Keywords— Blood Pressure, Health monitoring, Hypertension, Wireless Sensor Network
Adaptation of Water Pump as a Micro Hydro-Turbine for Electricity Generation
Get PDFThe concern on the global environment has imposed restraints on the production of electricity. The emphasis recently is on the development of environmental friendly methods to promote sustainable power production as it is in micro hydro power generation. The running cost of such plants is low but initial capital cost can be relatively high. By reducing the equipment cost in micro hydropower system, micro hydro turbines can become more useful and easily affordable. Reducing the equipment cost by the use of centrifugal pump in reverse mode can be an alternative to conventional hydraulic turbine. This paper discussed the adaptation of a water pump to function as a small hydro-turbine to be utilized in small stream in rural areas. Annual rainfall data was obtained from a 14 year data from National Centre of Agricultural Mechanization (NCAM) to obtain the discharge from river Odurun. By using the codrier graph method, a pump with a diameter of 245 mm was chosen from three pump obtained from a manufacturer catalogue. The speed at which the turbine will run was evaluated to be 1437 rpm with a head of 29 m, discharge of 0.044 m3/s and a power output of 10.1 kW with a model number of NW 10D. It was based on the site boundary conditions the pump selection was made and the performance evaluated using ratios of the head and discharge coefficients
Investigating Discharge Behaviour of a Sharp-Edged Circular Orifice Flow under Low Head from Unsteady Experimental Procedure and Computational Fluid Dynamics
Get PDFA circular sharp-edged orifice is a hydraulic flow device used to measure and control the outflow from channels, detention ponds, reservoirs and tanks. In this study experimentation was carried out at the Soil and Water Conservation Laboratory, University of Ibadan to investigate the discharge coefficient Cd of circular sharp-edged orifice at low head. The experiment was conducted using four different orifice diameters (4.5, 6.0, 7.5, 9.0cm). Flow characteristics in Cd for each orifice diameter were observed. A relationship between Cd and likely independent variables that could affect Cd was determined from dimensional analysis. Simple and multiple regression models of these variables were established. The simulation experimentation of the flow was carried out using COMSOL Multiphysics with Navier-Stokes equation as the governing equation. Data were analysed using ANOVA at α0.05.It was found that the Cd increased as head reduced, and higher increase was observed at lower head. Coefficient of determination (R2) showed that 99.3% variability in Cd is due to Reynolds number-Re and Froude’s number-Fr but only significant at 4.5cm orifice diameter (P < 0.05). Simulation results were similar in trend to experimental results; however, 4.5cm orifice diameter had the highest Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 1.9877 for Cd and 0.029 for Fr and minimal errors observed as the diameter increased. This study demonstrated that Cd cannot be taken as a constant value when dealing with low head; however, the simulation was able to forecast the trend but could not predict the exact values.Keywords: Orifice, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Navier-Stokes equations, Discharge Coefficient, Open Channel flow
Wireless Network Planning and Optimal Radio Placement Using Egly Empirical Model
Get PDFPath loss and outages are crucial in networking and need to be put into consideration in wireless network planning. The recommendation of a network layout for a particular area should be given careful thought and analysis. Preparing the design of wireless communication networks require a detailed understanding of radio propagation over the specific environment. In general, there are two basic problems of multipath fading of the radio link and interference from other users in the cellular reuse environment. In this paper, Egly propagation model was used for network planning and management to achieve optimum resource usage and minimize outages by effectively reducing path loss through empirical transmitter and receiver placement. Keywords- Empirical Model, Network Planning, Path Loss, Radio Placemen
Effect of Magnetically Treated Water on Precipitation of some Macro Elements in the Soil for Tomato Growth
Get PDFThis study was conducted to determine effect of magnetically treated water (MTW) on the precipitation of some macro elements in the soil for tomato growth. Magnetic flux densities used for treating the water were 124, 319 and 719 gauss (G) produced from electromagnet with direct current. A 1.0 litre of MTW was added to sandy loam in a bucket at 3 days interval for 45 days. Each treatment was replicated 3 times and a control experiment in which the soil was treated with 1.0 litre of non–magnetically treated water (NMTW) and replicated 3 times. The mean concentrations of calcium, potassium, sodium, nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter and organic carbon for MTW treated using 719 G were 3.16 cmol/kg, 2.67 cmol/kg, 1.58 cmol/kg, 0.97 %, 2.39 mg/kg, 2.41 % and 1.39 %, respectively while the corresponding values for NMTW were 2.82 cmol/kg, 2.35 cmol/kg, 1.42 cmol/kg, 0.87 %, 2.26 mg/kg, 2.30 % and 1.32 %. MTW treated by 124 G also gave higher values of concentrations macro elements than the values from soil treated with NMTW. The influence of MTW by 124, 319, 719 G and NMTW on mean heights of tomato plant (growth) at 26 days after planting were 154.3, 178.6190.3 and 137.1 mm while at 47 days the heights were 560.0, 556.4, 588.6 and 469.3 mm, respectively. Mean diameter of the tomato stem at 30 mm above soil level for 124, 319, 719 G and NMTW at 49 days after planting were 8.64, 7.99, 8.21 and 6.96 mm, respectively. Keywords: Magnetically treated water, macro elements, paired t-test, soi