Jurnal Online Politeknik Negeri Lampung
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Optimasi Optimasi Minyak Daging Buah Pala dengan Response Surface Methodology (RSM): Optimasi Minyak Daging Buah Pala dengan Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
No full textNutmeg flesh is the largest part of the nutmeg (77.8%) and can be used to produce nutmeg oil. The purposa of study is to determine the approproate distillation temperature and time to produce optimal yield of nutmeg flesh oil, to determine variations in temperature and distillation time based on Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with the optimal percentage of nutmeg flesh oil yield and requirement SNI nutmeg oil and to determine the content chemical compound in nutmeg flesh oil. The study was conducted in two stages. The first stage, optimizing the distillation process using RSM with a Central Composite Design (CCD) design. The second stage, making nutmeg flesh oil. The best sample of nutmeg flesh oil is the distillation temperature and time (95ºC, 4.5 hours) with yield (0.73%), specific gravity (0.91 g/ml), refractive index (1.4932), and solubility in ethanol 90% (20.00%). The results of GC-MS analysis of nutmeg flesh oil showed that the myristicin content require the SNI (35.30%). The variations of distillation temperature and distillation time suggested by CCD Design is 95ºC for 5.5 hours with results, yield (0.71%), specific gravity (0.882 g/ml), refractive index (1.485), and solubility in ethanol 90% (16.67%). The results of the analysis require the quality standards of nutmeg oil (SNI 06-2388-2006).Daging buah pala merupakan bagian terbesar buah pala (77,8%) dan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menghasilkan minyak daging buah pala. Tujuan penelitian adalah menentukan suhu dan waktu destilasi yang tepat untuk menghasilkan rendemen minyak daging buah pala yang optimal, menetukan variasi suhu dan waktu destilasi berdasarkan Response Surface Methodology (RSM) dengan persentase rendemen minyak daging buah pala yang optimal dan memenuhi SNI minyak pala serta menentukan kandungan senyawa kimia dominan dalam minyak daging buah pala. Penelitian dilakukan dua tahap. Tahap pertama, yaitu optimasi proses destilasi menggunakan RSM dengan desain Central Composite Design (CCD). Tahap kedua, yaitu pembuatan minyak daging buah pala. Minyak daging buah pala terbaik adalah minyak daging buah pala dengan suhu dan waktu destilasi (95ºC, 4,5 jam) dengan rendemen (0,73%), berat jenis (0,91 g/ml), indeks bias (1,4932), dan kelarutan dalam etanol 90% (20,00%). Hasil Analisa GC-MS minyak daging buah pala menunjukkan kadar myristicin, yaitu 35,30% dan memenuhi SNI. Variasi suhu dan waktu destilasi yang disarankan Design CCD, yaitu 95ºC selama 5,5 jam dengan hasil, yaitu rendemen (0,71%), berat jenis (0,882 g/ml), indeks bias (1,485), dan nkelarutan dalam etanol 90% (16,67%). Hasil analisa yang didapatkan tersebut memenuhi standar mutu SNI minyak pala (SNI 06-2388-2006)
Pengaruh Konsentrasi NaOH dan Suhu Delignifikasi pada Kandungan Lignoselulosa Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit
Full text linkPalm oil processing in the industry produces products and waste; the waste generated from the palm oil processing process will have a negative impact on the environment if it is not processed. Oil palm empty fruit bunches are lignocellulosic solid wastes that contain cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose content, so they have the potential to be raw materials for making bioethanol. In the process of producing bioethanol, delignification is an early stage that aims to reduce the lignin content in lignocellulosic materials with alkaline or alkaline pretreatment solutions such as the use of NaOH can be used to help separate lignin from cellulose fibers. This study aimed to analyze the effect of NaOH concentration and delignification temperature on the lignocellulosic content of oil palm empty fruit bunches. The research method was arranged descriptively with two treatments: the concentration of NaOH consisting of 3%, 4%, and 5%, and the heating temperature consisting of 100 oC, 110 oC, and 120 oC. Lignocellulosic content can be calculated using the Chesson method analysis with the Microsoft Excel 2016 application as a data processor. The results showed that 1 M NaOH concentration with heating temperature had an effect on the observations of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. The best treatment of 1 M NaOH concentration and heating temperature on hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin was produced by the treatment of 5% NaOH concentration with a heating temperature of 120 0C.Palm oil processing in the industry produces products and waste; the waste generated from the palm oil processing process will have a negative impact on the environment if it is not processed. Oil palm empty fruit bunches are lignocellulosic solid wastes that contain cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose content, so they have the potential to be raw materials for making bioethanol. In the process of producing bioethanol, delignification is an early stage that aims to reduce the lignin content in lignocellulosic materials with alkaline or alkaline pretreatment solutions such as the use of NaOH can be used to help separate lignin from cellulose fibers. This study aimed to analyze the effect of NaOH concentration and delignification temperature on the lignocellulosic content of oil palm empty fruit bunches. The research method was arranged descriptively with two treatments: the concentration of NaOH consisting of 3%, 4%, and 5%, and the heating temperature consisting of 100 oC, 110 oC, and 120 oC. Lignocellulosic content can be calculated using the Chesson method analysis with the Microsoft Excel 2016 application as a data processor. The results showed that 1 M NaOH concentration with heating temperature had an effect on the observations of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. The best treatment of 1 M NaOH concentration and heating temperature on hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin was produced by the treatment of 5% NaOH concentration with a heating temperature of 120 0C
Kajian Produksi Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica) pada Berbagai Ketinggian Tempat di Kabupaten Temanggung
Full text linkSeveral factors, including the less-than-optimal altitude of Arabica coffee planting influence the low productivity of Arabica coffee in Temanggung Regency. The lack of rejuvenation of production plants means that old coffee plants have low productivity; apart from these two factors, farmers do not have good plant management skills. This research further examines the influence of altitude on Arabica coffee production. This research was carried out in Temanggung Regency, with the sub-districts that were the sample for this research being Ngadirejo District, with an altitude range of 900-1150 m asl, Parakan District, with an altitude range of 1150-1400 m asl, and Kledung District with an altitude range of more than 1400 m asl. The sampling method employed in this study is a purposive sampling technique; the researcher directly determines the location and source of research information. A total of 28 participants responded to this study, with an assessment sample taken of 5% of the population of Arabica coffee plantations that bear fruit. The analysis used the linear regression method of a fixed variable, namely height, and independent variables, namely production, productivity, and evaluation, with a significance level of 5%. The research results show that altitude does influence productivity. If altitude increases, productivity will also increase.Several factors, including the less-than-optimal altitude of Arabica coffee planting influence the low productivity of Arabica coffee in Temanggung Regency. The lack of rejuvenation of production plants means that old coffee plants have low productivity; apart from these two factors, farmers do not have good plant management skills. This research further examines the influence of altitude on Arabica coffee production. This research was carried out in Temanggung Regency, with the sub-districts that were the sample for this research being Ngadirejo District, with an altitude range of 900-1150 m asl, Parakan District, with an altitude range of 1150-1400 m asl, and Kledung District with an altitude range of more than 1400 m asl. The sampling method employed in this study is a purposive sampling technique; the researcher directly determines the location and source of research information. A total of 28 participants responded to this study, with an assessment sample taken of 5% of the population of Arabica coffee plantations that bear fruit. The analysis used the linear regression method of a fixed variable, namely height, and independent variables, namely production, productivity, and evaluation, with a significance level of 5%. The research results show that altitude does influence productivity. If altitude increases, productivity will also increase
Perilaku Konsumen dalam Keputusan Pembelian Tiwul Instan di Kabupaten Trenggalek
No full textIndonesia has abundant natural resource potential, one of which is local non-rice food that can be processed by agro-industry and used by the community as an effort to diversify food. Instant tiwul is a processed product from cassava which is known to be used as an alternative food source of carbohydrates. Trenggalek Regency is the center of cassava production and the people have the habit of consuming instant tiwul. The price of instant tiwul is currently experiencing a more expensive price increase than rice because the raw materials are limited due to pest attacks and plant function change. This condition can affect product buying behavior, along with its role as an alternative food and increasingly selective consumers. His study was conducted to determine the process of instant tiwul purchase decisions, and factors that influence instant tiwul purchase decisions by end consumers in Trenggalek Regency. The research method used is descriptive analytical with data analysis methods in the form of descriptive analysis, and factor analysis. The results showed that the purchase decision process went through 5 (five) stages, namely need recognition, information search, alternative evaluation, purchase decision, and post-purchase evaluation. Five factors that influence the decision to purchase instant tiwul in Trenggalek Regency are first social factors in the form of variables of the influence of the surrounding environment and the influence of sellers, the second family factor includes variables of the number of family members and family income, the third personal factor is the variable of buyer age and occupation, the fourth is attractiveness in the form of packaging variables, ease of obtaining, and satiety endurance, and the five price and color factors include variable rice prices, instant tiwul prices, and colors.Indonesia memiliki potensi sumber daya alam yang melimpah, salah satunya pangan lokal non beras yang dapat diolah oleh agroindustri dan dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sebagai upaya diversifikasi pangan. Tiwul instan merupakan produk olahan dari singkong yang dikenal dapat digunakan sebagai makanan alternatif sumber karbohidrat. Kabupaten Trenggalek merupakan sentra produksi singkong dan masyarakatnya memiliki kebiasaan mengkonsumsi tiwul instan. Harga tiwul instan saat ini mengalami kenaikan harga yang lebih mahal dibandingkan beras karena bahan bakunya terbatas akibat serangan hama dan perubahan fungsi tanaman. Kondisi ini dapat mempengaruhi perilaku pembelian produk, seiring dengan perannya sebagai alternatif pangan dan konsumen yang semakin selektif. Penelitiannya dilakukan untuk mengetahui proses keputusan pembelian tiwul instan, sikap konsumen terhadap atribut produk tiwul instan, dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian tiwul instan oleh konsumen akhir di Kabupaten Trenggalek. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitik dengan metode analisis data berupa analisis deskriptif, analisis fishbein multiattribute, dan analisis faktor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses keputusan pembelian melalui 5 (lima) tahap, yaitu pengenalan kebutuhan, pencarian informasi, evaluasi alternatif, keputusan pembelian, dan evaluasi pasca pembelian. Sikap konsumen terhadap atribut produk tiwul instan bersifat netral (77,68) dengan atribut yang paling banyak dipertimbangkan adalah warna (14,10). Lima faktor yang mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian tiwul instan di Kabupaten Trenggalek adalah faktor sosial pertama berupa variabel pengaruh lingkungan sekitar dan pengaruh penjual, faktor kedua keluarga meliputi variabel jumlah anggota keluarga dan pendapatan keluarga, faktor pribadi ketiga adalah variabel usia pembeli dan pekerjaan, Keempat adalah daya tarik berupa variabel kemasan, kemudahan memperoleh, dan daya tahan kenyang, serta kelima faktor harga dan warna tersebut meliputi variabel harga beras, harga tiwul instan, dan warna
Pengaruh Naungan dan Pupuk Organik Hayati Cair Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Seledri (Apium graveolens L.)
Full text linkThe use of shade percentage is the main factor as a barrier to sunlight which functions to reduce the intensity of the sun and as a weed control. Liquid biological organic fertilizer is fertilizer that contains microbes and is useful for helping plant growth. The aim of this research is to determine the best shade presentation and concentration of liquid biological organic fertilizer and their combination on the growth and yield of celery plants. This research was carried out from August to November 2023 at the Lampung State Polytechnic Land. This research was a split plot experiment (3 x 3) which was repeated 3 times. The first factor used as the main plot is the percentage of shade which consists of three levels: no shade, 30% shade, 60%. The second factor used as a subplot is the concentration of liquid biological organic fertilizer which consists of three levels: control, 10 ml.l-1, 20ml.l-1. If the results show a significant effect, it will be continued with the Honestly Significant Difference (BNJ) test at the 5% level. Based on the observations result, it can be concluded that there is no good combination between the shade percentage treatment and the concentration of liquid biological organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of celery plants. The shade percentage treatment of 30% gave the best results for all observation parameters tested. Treatment of liquid biological organic fertilizer with a concentration of 10 ml.l-1 gave the best results in all observed parameters except for plant height parameters
KARAKTERISTIK ORGANOLEPTIK DAN KANDUNGAN GIZI BAKSO IKAN SARDEN (Sardinella lemuru) DENGAN PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG PORANG (Amorphophallus muelleri blume)
Full text linkPenelitian ini dilakukan dalam skala laboratorium yang memliki tujuan untuk membuat produk pangan jenis bakso dengan tambahan ikan sarden (Sardinella lemuru) dan tepung porang (Amorphophallus muelleri blume) yang dapat di jadikan sebagai alternaif sumber zat besi untuk konsumen dan menganalisis kandunganya. Metode yang digunakan dalam peneltian ini adalah metode analisis proksimat berjuan untuk mengetahui kandungan protein, karbohidrat, serat kasar, kadar abu,kadar air,lemak. dan uji organoleptik yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan rasa, tekstur, warna, dan bau. Hasil penelitian dengan metode uji proksimat di dapatkan produk bakso dengan campuran ikan sarden (Sardinella lemuru dan tepung porang (Amorphophallus muelleri blume) sebanyak Air (62.06938%), Abu (2.2238%), Lemak (3.8925%), Protein (13.8796%), Serat Kasar (1.4379%), Karbohidrat (17.3103%). Hasil penelitian dengan metode uji organoleptik di dapatkan 10 panelis bakso ikan sarden Di Dusun Banding Kecamatan Sukadana Kabupaten Lampung Timur . Dengan perbandingan bakso ikan sarden tanpa tepung porang dan bakso ikan sarden menggunakan tepung porang. Dari 10 panelis 50% menyatakan bakso ikan sarden dengan penambahan tepung porang lebih unggul kualitas tekstur, aroma dan warna. Dan 50% memiliki nilai sama sama suka dengan rasa kedua perlakuan produ
Pengaruh Variasi Feed to Solvent Daun Teh (Camellia sinensis) Pada Ekstraksi Kafein
Full text linkTea is a drink that is well known and liked by people all over the world. Aside from that, these drinks are frequently consumed in everyday life. Tea contains caffeine compounds, which can be beneficial for the body. In general, caffeine is a compound in crystal form. Caffeine has impacts on health, one of which is increasing the risk of heart disease and hypertension if consumed excessively. This shows that caffeine is not good for health if consumed in excess. This research aims to determine the caffeine content in brewed tea. The research was carried out using the solid liquid extraction method using a variation of Feed to Solvent (F/S) of 0.01; 0.03; 0.05; and 0.1 g/mL with 100 mL aqueous solvent. Extraction time is 5 and 10 minutes with temperature is 100oC. The extraction results are then filtered and concentrated to form crystals and then analyzed with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The best yield result was 0.96% with F/S=0.01 g/mL in 10 minutes with the equation y=0.045x and R2 = 0.9782. Besides, the research results showed that the best caffeine level obtained was 5.56 mg/g tea in 10 minutes.Teh merupakan minuman yang sangat dikenal dan disukai oleh masyarakat di seluruh dunia. Selain itu, minuman tersebut sering dikonsumsi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Teh mengandung senyawa kafein yang dapat bermanfaat bagi tubuh. Pada umumnya, kafein merupakan suatu senyawa yang berbentuk kristal. Kafein memiliki dampak bagi kesehatan, salah satunya adalah meningkatkan resiko penyakit jantung dan hipertensi apabila dikonsumsi secara berlebihan. Hal tersebut menujukkan kurang baiknya kafein untuk kesehatan jika dikonsumsi secara berlebihan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kadar kafein dalam teh tubruk. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode ekstraksi padat cair dengan menggunakan variasi Feed to Solvent (F/S) 0,01; 0,03; 0,05; dan 0,1 g/mL dengan pelarut aqudest 100 mL, waktu ekstraksi yaitu 5 menit dan 10 menit dengan temperatur 100oC. Hasil ekstraksi kemudian disaring dan dipekatkan hingga membentuk kristal dan selanjutnya dianalisis dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil rendemen yang terbaik didapatkan sebesar 0,96 % dengan F/S=0,01 g/mL pada waktu 10 menit dengan persamaan y=0,045x dan R2 = 0,9782. Selain itu, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar kafein terbaik yang didapat adalah 5,56 mg/g teh pada waktu 10 menit
PEMIJAHAN DAN PENDEDERAN IKAN (Channa asiatica) DI AKUARIUM SPAWNING AND BREEDING OF FISH (Channa asiatica) IN AN AQUARIUM
Full text linkIkan Channa Asiatica merupakan ikan hias air tawar yang memiliki ukuran sedang hingga besar. Channa asiatica hidup di habitat rawa-rawa, aliran sungai berarus kecil bahkan mereka bisa ditemukan di genangan-genangan air di dalam hutan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan melakukan pemijahan ikan Channa asiatica di akuarium. Teknik pemijahan merupakan proses perkawinan yang terjadi antara indukan jantan dan indukan betina yang mengeluarkan sel sperma dan sel telur dan terjadi diluar tubuh ikan (eksternal). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui teknik pemijahan pada ikan Channa asiatica atau gabus hias dan mengetahui bahwa ikan jenis Channa asiatica dapat memijah dalam akuarium. Berdasarkan penelitian Pemijahan Ikan Channa asiatica dapat dilakukan di akuarium dengan cara telur dipisahkan pada akuarium yang berbeda dengan indukan untuk menghindari indukan ikan Channa asiatica memakan telur serta mendapat SR atau angka kehidupan yang lebih baik. Pemijahan Ikan Channa asiatica, telur dapat menetas dalam kurung waktu 24 jam dengan menghasilkan fekunditas 857 butir telur, derajat pembuahan (FR) 76,07%, derajat penetasan (HR) 65,18% dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup (SR) sebesar 74,82%. Kualitas air yang diukur selama penelitian antara lain suhu 27-28oC, pH 7 dan DO 4,3-6,3 mg.L-l dimana semua parameter masih dalam kisaran optimal untuk pemeliharaan ikan channa asiatica.Channa Asiatica fish is a freshwater ornamental fish that has a medium to large size. Channa Asiatica lives in swampy habitats, small currents and even they can be found in puddles in the forest. This research carried out spawning of Channa Asiatica fish in the aquarium. Spawning technique is a mating process that occurs between male parents and female parents who release sperm and egg cells and occur outside the body of the fish (external). The purpose of this research is to know the spawning technique in Channa asiatica fish or ornamental cork and to know that Channa asiatica fish can spawn in aquariums. Based on research, Channa asiatica Fish Spawning can be done in an aquarium by separating eggs in a different aquarium from the parent to avoid Channa asiatica fish parents eating eggs and getting a better SR or life rate. Channa asiatica Fish Spawning, eggs can hatch within 24 hours by producing fecundity of 857 eggs, fertilization degree (FR) 76.07%, hatching degree (HR) 65.18% and survival rate (SR) of 74.82%. Water quality measured during the study included temperatures of 27-28oC, pH 7 and DO 4.3-6.3 mg. L-l where all parameters are still within the optimal range for the maintenance of channa asiatica fish
EFEKTIVITAS PERSILANGAN IKAN MOLLY BALON SUNKIST (Poecilia sphenops) DENGAN MOLLY MARBLE (Poecilia sphenops) TERHADAP VARIASI WARNA
Full text linkThe Marble Molly fish (Poecilia sphenops) and the Sunkist Balloon Molly (Poecilia sphenops) are one of the fish that are popular in Indonesia. It is hoped that crossing sunkist mollies and marble mollies will produce unique colors and new patterns, with diverse and unique colors so that public interest will once again be high in keeping ornamental fish, especially mollies. The methods used start from preparing tools and materials, preparing spawning tanks and larval rearing tanks, selecting mature gonad male and female parents with the characteristics of the male having a gonopodium on his stomach while the female does not have it with the age of the male and female being at least 4 months before they can be spawned. The cross is carried out with a ratio of males and females, namely 5 males and 10 females in each spawning tank, there are 6 spawning tanks with 3 tanks representing the cross between a marbled male and a Sunkis female and another 3 tanks with a Sunkist male and a marbled female, then the best data is taken from the 2nd following treatment. The results obtained were the emergence of 3 color variations and 5 pattern variations with unique and varied colors and patterns.Ikan Molly Marble (Poecilia sphenops) dan Molly Balon Sunkist (Poecilia sphenops) yaitu menjadi salah satu ikan yang digemari di Indonesia. persilangan molly sunkist dan molly marbel diharapkan dapat memunculkan warna yang unik dan corak baru, dengan warna yang beragam dan unik sehingga minat masyarakat kembali tinggi untuk memelihara ikan hias terutama molly. Metode yang dilakukan mulai dari persiapan alat dan bahan, persiapan bak pemijahan dan bak pemeliharaan larva , pemilihan induk jantan dan betina yang matang gonad dengan ciri-ciri jantan memiliki gonopodium pada perutnya sedangkan betina tidak memilikinya dengan usia jantan dan betina minimal 4 bulan baru bisa dipijahkan, persilangan dilakukan yaitu dengan perbandingan jantan dan betina yaitu 5 jantan dan 10 betina di setiap bak pemijahan ada 6 bak pemijahan dengan 3 bak mewakili persilangan jantan marbel dengan betina sunkis dan 3 bak lagi dengan jantan Sunkist dengan betina marbel kemudian diambil data terbaik dari ke 2 perlakuan berikut. Hasil yang didapatkan yaitu munculnya 3 variasi warna dan 5 variasi corak dengan warna dan corak yang unik dan beragam