Digital Archive of Georgian Library Association
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The Effect of Ionizing Radiation on the Stability of Phytocenosis in Conditions of Global Warming
No full textThis study examines the role of anthropogenic load in shaping plant surface temperature under high and extreme thermal conditions. Gamma irradiation was applied as a universal damaging factor. Field experiments showed that under normal temperatures, the difference between control (non-irradiated) and irradiated plants did not exceed 2–3 °C, while under elevated and extreme temperatures, it increased to 100 °C. Laboratory analyses of transpiration intensity confirmed that radiation is a major factor reducing the transpiration potential of irradiated plants. These findings highlight the relevance of plant resistance under global warming and emphasize the need to minimize anthropogenic impacts on phytocenoses to enhance their resilience to rising temperatures associated with climate change
Energy Spectrum of the June 2025 Forbush Decrease
No full textThe article presents the determination of the energy spectrum of the intensity variations of cosmic rays, using the method developed by M. Alania and co-authors. but using a new theoretical method for determining the coupling coefficients, based on quantum field theory, which was presented by the staff of the Athens Neutron Monitor Station. Based on these assumptions, Coupling Coefficients and Energy Spectrum calculated
Результаты геофизической съемки планируемых сооружений Кабальской ГЭС на реке Кабали
No full textნაშრომში გახილულია მდ. კაბალზე „კაბალი1“ ჰესის საპროექტო უბანზე, 30 მ სიღრმემდე, გრუნტის ამგები ქანების სახეებისა და მათი სიმძლავრეების დადგენის მიზნით განხორციელებულ ელექტროსაძიებო კვლევის შედეგები. კვლევის შედეგად გამოვლენილია ფიზიკური თვისებებით ერთმანეთისაგან განსხვავებული ორი ფენი. დადგენილია ძირითადი ქანების ჩაწოლის სიღრმეები.The paper presents the results of an electrical exploration study conducted to determine the types of ground-forming rocks and their thicknesses at a depth of up to 30 m at the project site of the Kabali 1 HPP on the Kabali River. The research revealed two layers with different physical properties. The depths of the bedrock have been determined.В статье представлены результаты электроразведочных работ, проведенных для определения типов горных пород и их толщины на глубине до 30 м на площадке строительства ГЭС «Кабали-1» на реке Кабали. Исследование выявило два слоя с различными физическими свойствами. Была определена глубина залегания коренных пород
About some issues of radon measurement techniques
No full textThe article examines the validity of measuring radon in units of activity - becquerels, and shows that such an approach in the methodology, recommended by the International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP) and currently widely used, leads to a false fourfold increase of radon concentration estimation
Modern features of the settlement of the territory of the Chechen Republic depending on natural conditions
No full textThe analysis of residential development is a primary task in assessing the anthropogenic load on the territory. The Chechen Republic has been experiencing a construction boom in the last decade. The load on landscapes is increasing. In this regard, it is very important to assess the degree of modern residential development of landscapes. For comparison, data from remote sensing of the Earth were used, namely Landsat and Sentinel-2 images for 1985 and 2024. The material was processed using the ArcGIS and MapInfo programs. A quantitative assessment of the residential load showed that the increase in residential areas in 2024 compared to 1985 was 192%. The maximum increase in residential areas in 2024 is in steppe landscapes (by 233%). Large settlements such as Grozny and Gudermes are located in the steppe landscapes. Infrastructure development and recreational attractiveness have led to an increase in the share of residential areas in the lower montane forest (226%) and in the high-altitude subalpine forest-shrub-meadow landscapes (177%)
Dependencies reflecting quantitative changes in phyto- and zooplankton in the Tbilisi Reservoir
No full textThe presented article is focused on the methodology for calculating changes in phyto- and zooplankton in the Tbilisi reservoir, which mainly determines the change in organoleptic indicators of water. Such an approach is explained by the fact that consumers have expressed complaints about the smell and taste of drinking water.
The advantage of the methodology is especially noticeable when conducting predictive calculations, which is explained by the fact that natural hydrochemical and bacteriological analyses, as a rule, are discrete and episodic in nature, which is why statistical processing does not allow obtaining complete and reliable results
Changes in the Atmospheric Precipitation Regime in Georgia
No full textThis study examines long-term changes in the atmospheric precipitation regime in Georgia from 1960 to 2019 under the impact of temperature variations and global warming. Using daily data from 14 meteorological stations, precipitation was classified into four intensity categories: light, moderate, heavy, and very heavy. Changes were evaluated with both the difference method and dynamic norm, also probability distributions and normalized analyses were conducted to evaluate regional and temporal variations. Results indicate the reduction of light precipitation days and a slight increase in very heavy precipitation events, with average annual changes across Georgia about −0.0037 mm/year for light, +0.0001 mm/year for moderate, −0.0006 mm/year for heavy, and +0.0063 mm/year for very heavy precipitation. Regional analysis shows stronger impacts in high-precipitation areas, and polynomial approximations reveal cyclic patterns of precipitation changes. These findings demonstrate that global warming is altering precipitation regimes in Georgia, increasing the frequency of extreme events while reducing the duration of light rainfall, emphasizing the need for rational water management and climate adaptation strategies
Italian underground gas storage activities: risk management and safety aspects
No full textThe underground storage of natural gas is an industrial process that consists of injecting gas into a depleted underground rock system to ensure its accumulation and subsequently deliver it in a second phase. The scope of the paper is to provide technical support in the safety analysis evaluation of underground natural gas storage establishments, aiming to achieve uniformity of evaluation throughout the national territory, under the Seveso III directive. The main issues concern: Italian law and legal requirements; information about the establishment and the company organizational structure; information on classification of substance under the Seveso directive; industrial safety of the plants, with the relative identification of the critical technical systems; methodological approach for assessing the risk analysis of plants, including the NaTech risk. Some references are finally given to identify the most “critical” parameters of the different techniques for risk analysis, which, if not adequately evaluated, can lead to an incorrect result of the analysis itself, also considering the correct safety measures to prevent or limit the consequences of an accident scenario, and about the proper implementation of the Safety Management System
Modeling Solar Wind Activity Using a Physical Second-Order Oscillator Approach
No full textThis paper presents a second-order differential equation model describing the dynamics of solar wind activity. The model captures the system’s oscillatory nature by incorporating lunar illumination and daily periodic forcing as external drivers. Parameter calibration shows the model’s capacity to forecast activity trends with physical interpretabilit
Многолетняя динамика максимальных расходов наибольших паводков на реках Западной Грузии
No full textდასავლეთ საქართველოს მთავარი 29 ჰიდროლოგიური საგუშაგოს 61-92 წლიან დაკვირვებათა მონაცემებით შედგენილია წყალმოვარდნების უდიდესი მაქსიმალური ხარჯების ყოველწლიური ცვლილების ტრენდები და განსაზღვრულია მათი წრფივი აპროქსიმაციის შესაბამისი განტოლებები. მათი პარამეტრების მიღება მეტად აქტუალურია და აქვს დიდი პრაქტიკული ღირებულება, რადგან მათი გათვალისწინება მნიშვნელოვანია მდინარეებზე და მათ სანაპირო ზონებში არსებული და ახალ მოვლენების პროგნოზირებისა და თავიდან აცილების მიზნით.Based on 61–92 years of observation data from 29 major hydrological checkpoints across Western Georgia, this study identifies trends in the annual changes of peak flood discharges. Linear approximation equations for these trends have been determined, providing essential parameters that hold both practical and predictive value. These findings are crucial for use in the planning and design of existing and future river structures and coastal zone developments, as well as for forecasting potentially hazardous hydrological events.На 29 основных гидрологических постах рек Западной Грузии, по данным 61-92 летних наблюдений, составлены тренды ежегодных изменений максимальных расходов наибольших паводков и определены их соответствующие уравнения по линейной аппроксимации. Получение их параметров, очень актуально и имеет практическую ценность, при планировании и проектировании существующих и новых строений, находящиеся на реках и в прибрежных зонах, а также в целях прогнозирования и предотвращения опасных гидрологических явлений