Civil and Environmental Science Journal (CIVENSE - Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya)
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Analysis of Flood Peak Discharge Based on Watershed Shape Factors
Get PDFRegression analysis can develop unit hydrograph modeling by approaching the peak discharge (Qp) and time to peak (Tp) parameters. The main aim of this study is to design a model of peak discharge based on watershed shape factors. The watersheds used in this study are Bontojai Watershed, Jonggoa Watershed, Kampili Watershed, Maccini Sombala Watershed, and Jenelata Watershed, which have slopes criteria below 10% and have complete recorded data of Automatic Water Level Recorder (AWLR) and Automatic Rainfall Recorder (ARR). The validation results of corrected peak discharge data produce Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE). Then, the peak discharge model was conducted by regression analysis and validated with observed unit hydrographs. The results of this study indicate that the coefficient of determination R2 is 0.963. It means that the independent variable (x), namely the area of the watershed, the length of the main river, and the shape factor of the watershed, influences the peak discharge (Qp) of 96.3%
Health Protocol in Penataran Train during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Get PDFPenataran train decreased the number of passengers by 77.13% in April 2020, which resulted in a reduction in travel frequency and change origin-destination during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the Penataran train passengers and obtain policy recommendations about service standards and travel requirements based on respondents\u27 choices using descriptive statistics. Questionnaires were distributed to 417 Penataran train passengers during new adaptation period. This study indicates that the frequency of trips during the new adaptation period is lower than before the pandemic. Only 10.55% of respondents give the reason that the risk of transmitting COVID-19 on the Penataran train is lower than other transportation. The maximum seating capacity is reduced to 50% according to respondent\u27s perceptions. Wearing a mask, keep a distance, and wearing long-sleeved clothing can still be carried out because they are considered necessary as requirements for passenger travel. The GeNose C19 test letter is not recommended to be used as a document requirement because most respondents with low income do not want additional costs
Mode Choice Modelling Between Bus and Train Under the New Normal Condition
Get PDFThe passenger movements were limited by the government policies that made new system decisions, namely large-scale social distancing policies. However, over time several regions in Indonesia have begun to end large-scale social distancing called new normal. The new normal condition has undoubtedly changed the pattern of mode choice of the passenger. Little attention has been paid to the travel mode choice under the new normal condition. Therefore, this study aims to understand the travel mode choice model of train and bus, especially in the new normal era. The primary data was collected using the stated preference online-based survey. This study performed a Binomial-Logit-Difference model. From the modelling result, 89% of the passenger will choose the bus if the train\u27s travel fare is IDR 160,000 higher. The probability value will be equal when the ticket fare of the bus is IDR 25,000 higher than train\u27s travel cost. It indicates that people choose the bus mode because of the travel cost factor. Directions for the future study are presented
Analysis of Runoff Curve Number Distribution into Surface Runoff of Lesti Watershed
Get PDFLesti watershed is a sub basin of Brantas River located in Malang Regency, which is the main source of inflow and sediment loads for the Sengguruh Dam. Human activities change the type of land cover by deforestation for the expansion of agricultural and residential areas. It makes a rapid increasing of runoff and discharges that were potentially carrying sediment into Lesti River. To measure surface runoff in a watershed can be held by modeling rather than directly in the field, it is cheaper and more effective with accurate results. This study is based on Soil Conservation Service (SCS) formula to illustrate surface runoff level by knowing curve number distribution. Using models based on land use changes in 2010, 2012 and 2017, generated by AV SWAT software, shows that increasing CN value each year affects the surface runoff, so there is a relationship between land use and runoff. The average CN value in 2010 is 63.644, 2012 is 63.942, 2017 is 65.49, while the average surface runoff in 2010 is 800.28, 2012 is 823.26, 2017 is 828.009. Conservation treatment on the area with a high CN value can reduce the surface runoff. It shows that watershed performance is getting better
The Dynamics of Flow Discharge and Suspension Flow Discharge in Volcano Watershed with Agroforestry Land Cover
Get PDFThe suspension flow from the upper part of a volcano watershed, which has a very thick soil condition, is sensitive to landuse form. Agroforestry is the dominant landuse form in the volcanic landscape of Indonesia. There is a lack of detailed studies about suspension flow in the upper watershed where agroforestry is the land cover. This research, performed in agroforestry area, covered the correspondence between flow discharge and suspension flow discharge, the time lag of initial rain events and the formation of suspension flow; and the characteristics of the grain size of the suspensions during the flow. The suspension flow was measured at the outlet of a gully in key watershed areas, which yielded a total of 436 suspension data. The measurement analysis was conducted at every rain event in the field and in the laboratory. The crop characteristics in the rain catchment area were recorded in details during the field survey. The characteristics of the channels converging toward the gully system were observed during the field survey. There were three relationship patterns between the peak flow discharge and the peak suspension discharge, namely (1) the peak flow discharge corresponded to the peak suspension discharge, (2) the peak flow discharge preceded the peak suspension discharge, (3) the peak flow discharge occurred after the peak suspension discharge. The average time interval between the rain events and the occurrence of suspension flow was 17.7 minutes. The peak suspension content varied from 0.0016 g/L up to 4.71 g/L with an average of 1.03 g/L. The grain size of the suspension was dominated by 71-76% of clay fraction with an average of 73% at the rising phase and 68-71% of clay fraction with an average of 69% at the falling stage
Identification of Surface Water Treatment Plan (WTP) Effluent and Distribution Water Quality in Wonogiri Regency, Central Java
Get PDFThis study analyzed the water treatment system into drinking water, and the quality of raw water and distribution results at Perumda Air Minum Giri Tirta Sari, Wonogiri Regency. The water treatment plant\u27s (WTP) for surface water consists of intake, pre-sedimentation, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, reservoir storage, and distribution. The sludge resulting from the deposition process is still not managed. Further planning is needed to control environmental pollution that may occur due to dumping sludge into streams. The quality of river raw water that has not met the quality standard is total coliform and color. Measurement of water on the customer\u27s tap shows that all the quality standards of drinking water have met the criteria to be safe for use by residents
Bali Cattle Cultivation and Eco-Tourism in Ayunan Village Abiansemal District, Badung
No full textAyunan Village, is located in Abiansemal sub-district, Badung regency, Bali. Bali cattle are germplasm that must be preserved, for that we are collaborating with the Bali Karang Ayu and Karya laksana cattle groups in Ayunan village. The maintenance of Bali cattle in partners is very constrained by capital, feed and management of Balinese cattle maintenance is not carried out professionally because it is managed in a family, traditional way and is not a main source of livelihood. Bali cattle maintenance is only a sideline to fill spare time on the sidelines of farming time. The management of cow dung and manure has not been managed properly, which should still be managed into organic fertilizer, sold to farmers so that it can increase the income of farmers, so the solution we offer is to provide assistance and consultation as well as demonstration plots regarding good and correct management of Balinese cattle rearing. to increase Bali cattle production. The results of this community service activity can increase production, productivity as well as produce organic fertilizer from cow dung that can be sold so as to increase the income of Balinese cattle farmers in the two Bali cattle groups that we partner with
Model of land acquisition productivity performance for toll road projects in Indonesia
Get PDFLand acquisition process in the Indonesian toll road project has a high level of uncertainty. Several previous studies mainly discuss the risks involved in toll road projects and their mitigation measures, but the effect of existing risks on land acquisition scheduling is rarely reviewed. This research aims to develop a model for land acquisition productivity performance for toll road projects. The performance of productivity was modelled based on a predefined duration mentioned in Indonesian Act. No. 2/2012, compared to the actual duration from 6 toll road projects using montecarlo simulation. The validity of model was tested using the Section II of Cisumdawu Toll Road project. The simulation productivity result was 23.13 km/year, with a standard deviation of 6.704 km/year. Meanwhile, the actual productivity was 20.50 km/year, which was still within the range of the simulation\u27s standard deviation. Hence, the models could reasonably describe the reality of the project. The most important activities that could affect land acquisition productivity performance were payment of compensation, the determination of compensation value, settlement of claims for the forms of compensation, and the identification and inventory of land ownership data
Application of Sediment Runoff Model to the Wlingi Reservoir Watershed, Indonesia
Get PDFSedimentation is the main problem in Wlingi reservoirs. They are suffering from severe watershed erosion and a heavy load of volcanic ash ejected from the eruption of Mount Kelud. Wlingi reservoir is significantly affected by recurrent volcanic activities of Mount Kelud. After the 2014 eruption, the capacity of Wlingi reservoirs decreased by 82.5% or only 3.70 million m3 from the initial capacity of 24 million m3. To analyze the impact of volcanic eruption disaster on reservoir sedimentation an integrated numerical model of sediment is required. The Fujiyama model is an integrated sediment runoff model using a basin model composed of unit channels and unit slopes. The model seems suitable for a mountainous basin. The simulation results from the model explain that the mechanism of transporting sediment into the Wlingi Reservoir can be explained based on the type of sediment transport. The movement of sediment originating from Kelud Mountain in Kali Lekso is strongly influenced by rainfall duration compared to the intensity of the rainfall. Also, the simulation model results explained that the mechanism of sediment transportation is dominated by suspended load or bed load which when large discharges will move with the mechanism of suspended load sediment transport
Hydrological Analysis of TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) Data in Lesti Sub Watershed
Get PDFAlternative solution for availability of inadequate rain data as input to hydrological data is with the assist of TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission) satellite rainfall data which using remote sensing technology (satellite). The purpose of this study is to look for correlations and data corrections and validate TRMM satellite data with rainfall data at the rain station and discharge observation data. Lesti sub-watershed is used as a case study with consideration of the data availability that is considered sufficient. The validation results of corrected TRMM rain data produce Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Correlation Coefficient (R), and Relative Error/Kesalahan Relatif (KR). Then, conducted an analysis of the flow discharge estimation using TRMM rainfall data and validated with Tawangrejeni AWLR (Automatic Water Level Record) data. The results of flow discharge validation using the FJ Mock Method produce an NSE value of 0,507, RMSE 19,383, Correlation Coefficient (R) 0,713, and Relative Error of 0,001. Overall analysis shows TRMM data can be used as an alternative of the rain data that is used to estimate flow discharge, but the result of flow discharge analysis is still better using rainfall data from the rain station pos