National Journal glaucoma / Национальный журнал глаукома
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Влияние лазерной иридэктомии на анатомо-функциональные показатели при первичной закрытоугольной глаукоме с относительным зрачковым блоком
Get PDFГлаукома: что необходимо знать каждому пациенту. Часть і. Что такое глаукома и откуда она берется?
Get PDFThe first part of the article aims to give a patient a general idea of glaucoma as a complex disease. It provides a comprehensible description of eye's anatomy, histology and physiological processes. It also explains pathological processes associated with glaucoma, why a patient is prone to take no notice of the changes and what symptoms to look out for. Stating that all forms of glaucoma are related to some degree to the pressure inside the eye, the article dwells further on the concept of intraocular pressure, its normal ranges and what happens if they are exceeded. The second part describes the various types of glaucoma and how they differ. The author emphasizes that there are almost no life-style choices that are known to be big factors in leading to either form of glaucoma. The most important things that determine glaucoma risk are how the eye was built and how it responds to changes in its environment, because the death of ganglion cells in both open-angle and angle closure glaucoma results partly from weaknesses in the tissues around them and partly from defects in the ganglion cells themselves as well as under-responses or over-responses in the normal defense mechanisms. The article explicates the idea of contributing risk factors and considers the contributing risk factors for open-angle glaucoma. Main contributing factors of open angle glaucoma - such as age, elevated eye pressure, ethnicity, hereditary background, myopia, low blood pressure, exfoliation and pigment dispersion - are specified and given further explanation. Controversial risk factors (corneal thickness, heart disease, anti-cardiolipin antibodies, migraine and Raynaud's phenomenon) as well as things that do not present risk of glaucoma development, contrary to common opinion (gender, diabetes, hypertension, diet and alcohol) are also listed
Основные характеристики заболеваемости глаукомой в Иркутской области и их связь с организационно- методическими мероприятиями офтальмологической
Get PDFХирургическая активация увеосклерального оттока
Get PDFToday there are many hypotensive surgical interventions intended to activate the uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humour. Their technique has changed due to the development of understanding of morphology and physiology. The primary concept of creating a fistula between the anterior chamber and suprachoroidal space transformed into combined surgical procedures based on filtering and non-penetrating techniques. Such surgical operations were often used for treating severe forms of glaucoma. In the course of non-penetrating glaucoma surgery development, combinations of non-penetrating deep sclerectomy with surgical activation of uveoscleral outflow were proposed. Most frequently it is carried out by implanting various drainages. Draining devices with one end implanted under the scleral flap into the anterior chamber and the other end - through a sclera incision into suprachoroidal space were recently developed. This appears to be the modern embodiment of the idea of combining filtering surgery with suprachoroidal space draining. In modern surgery cyclodialysis has also developed - a number of draining devices are implanted from anterior chamber into suprachoroidal space creating a direct pathway between these expanses. Mechanism of action of hypoten-sive surgical interventions and some aspects of histotopog-raphy are also discussed in the article
Позитронно-эмиссионная томография как метод изучения метаболизма нейроцитов при глаукоме (пилотное исследование)
Get PDFPURPOSE: To assess the possibility of applying the method of brain positron emission tomography in the study of neurocyte metabolism in glaucoma patients. METHODS: Patient D., born in 1935, with the diagnosis: OD - primary open-angle glaucoma II A; OS - primary open-angle glaucoma III A, underwent the following examination: visometry, refractometry, Maklakov tonometry, non-contact tonometry, biomicroscopy, gonioscopy, direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy, automated perimetry by means of "Tomey AP-2000" static perimeter, US. In addition to the ophthalmic examination, the patient underwent PET/CT scanning on the "Optima 560" tomography at the Ufa Nuclear Medicine Center. An hour before the scanning the patient received an intravenous injection of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) radiopharmaceutical. RESULTS: A reduction in the radiopharmaceutical accumulation in the orbital portion of the optic nerve, chiasm, lateral geniculate bodies, optic radiation and visual cortex was detected. The examination found that primary open-angle glaucoma was characterized by a specific nature of accumulation and distribution of FDG in the brain structures: uneven (heterogeneous) radiopharmaceutical accumulation and low glucose consumption in the pathological foci. CONCLUSION: Analyzing the data of the study, we found that neurodegenerative changes in the pathways of the visual analyzer were defined by glucose hypometabolism zones (mitochondrial dysfunction)
Изменения роговицы у больных с первичной открытоугольной глаукомой
Get PDFFor many years people have studied the structure of the eye. This article is devoted to the changes in the structure of the cornea in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. With the advent of modern technology, which allows the in vivo study of individual structures of the eye, significant changes in the endothelium of the cornea were found in patients with primary glaucoma. In recent years, more attention was being paid to the interrelation of the pathogenesis of glaucoma with the biomechanics of the eye. Therefore, the review gave consideration to such aspects as biomechanical, biochemical features of the structure of the cornea in normal and pathological changes related to primary glaucoma. The cornea is a highly sensitive tunic of the eye. In various pathological conditions of the eye its sensitivity can be greatly reduced or completely disappear, so its definition can be very informative. This article provides information about the condition and the sensitivity changes of the cornea in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. A decrease in tear production leading to the development of the dry eye syndrome was noted to be a side effect of all hypotensive drops which contain preservative agents. A literature review regarding this question is also provided. This article also presents data about the morphological changes of the cornea related to primary glaucoma according to confocal microscopy
Современные методы функциональной диагностики и мониторинга глаукомы. Часть 3. Роль морфофункциональных взаимоотношений в раннем выявлении и мониторинге глаукомы
Get PDFGlaucoma is a chronic optic neuropathy, characterized by ganglion cell loss and specific changes in the optic nerve head (ONH) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). Early glaucoma detection plays an important role in preventing permanent structural damage development and irreversible vision loss. Glaucoma diagnostics is based on examination of structural damage to the optic nerve and visual functions evaluation. The results of ONH and RNFL clinical evaluation are subjective and can vary to a great extent. As a result, much recent research has been devoted to developing additional objective diagnostic methods, such as the use of confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, scanning laser polarimetry and optical coherence tomography for evaluating the OHN status. In order to provide early detection of visual field defects some researchers consider the possibility of replacing standard automated perimetry (SAP) with the selective automated perimetry, that includes the short-wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP) and frequency-doubling technology perimetry (FDT). This article presents a review of modern methods available for glaucoma diagnostics with emphasis on their clinical use
Эпидемиологические особенности клинического течения глаукомы в зависимости от социальных, экономических, этнических и географических факторов
Get PDFToday glaucoma remains one of the main reasons of visual function loss all over the world, regardless of differences in social conditions and living standards in the country. Summarizing literature data on the structural distribution of glaucoma and its clinical forms, we can conclude that, firstly, the spread of the disease in different climatic regions across the globe has a mosaic pattern, and secondly, that the epidemiological characteristics of the disease in a particular area depend on multiple factors, including ethnic, climatic, social and economic. Blindness is not only a medical phenomenon; it has profound social and economic importance, and consequently has attracted attention not only in medicine, but also on the national and even international level. Various groups of experts developed recommendations for diagnostic and therapeutic measures to fight glaucoma-related blindness, conferences are being held worldwide, as well as special training for medical personnel. Unfortunately, despite these efforts, there still is a high prevalence of blindness in some countries. It is primarily related to the level of their socioeconomic development that impedes the country to take an adequate amount of preventive measures against blindness