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Comparative Analysis Of LSTM-Based And Traditional Hydrologic Models For River Discharge Prediction: A Case Study Of The Goose River
Get PDFStreamflow predictions are important in planning water resources and effective hydrological management. Physically based models such as the Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) have been used in the past for this purpose. Still, the use of machine learning models such as Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) has been proven to complement the use of traditional models. This study compares the reliability performances of HEC-HMS and LSTM models to predict the streamflow of Goose River Watershed in North Dakota. The objective of the research is to perform a comprehensive comparative analysis between the performance of HEC-HMS and LSTM models to predict streamflow in the Goose River Watershed by evaluating the performance of both models in the fall, spring, summer, and winter seasons, and also computing the monthly NSE values for them. Twenty-five years of daily meteorological data from the National Weather Service (NWS) and North Dakota Agricultural Weather Network (NDAWN) and discharge data from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) station were used to conduct this study. The HEC-HMS model was calibrated using the Soil Moisture Accounting loss method and the Clark Unit Hydrograph transform method. Routing was done using the Muskingum method. The LSTM model was pre-processed using hyperparameter tuning, the train-test split ratio was 0.8:0.2, epoch=100, but there was an early-stop function which was added to avoid overfitting. The performance of both models was evaluated using NSE, RMSE, and PBias. The result shows a better performance by the LSTM model with NSE =0.97 and PBIAS = 5.45 for the testing set. The LSTM model could not capture the physically-based processes and unseen events that occur within the watershed, though it captured the peak flow better than the HEC-HMS. The HEC-HMS model provided a robust simulated discharge that is consistent across all seasons and months
Gender And Family Differences In Faculty Motivation
Get PDFThis three-article dissertation examines gender and family differences in faculty motivation. Faculty motivation has primarily been studied in the context of development but has only recently begun to focus on productivity and success. Further, studies of faculty motivation do not provide in depth analysis of gender and family differences. Therefore, the current program of research uses the Self-Determination Theory to examine gender and family differences in faculty motivation and considers how traditional gender norms may contribute to these differences. The first study explored if gender difference existed. Data from a small sample of faculty (N=118) from two universities in the Midwest identified that men reported more competence and perceived success in research than women, married faculty reported more intrinsic motivation for research than unmarried faculty. Stepwise regression revealed that competence, autonomy, professional balance, and job satisfaction predicted autonomous teaching motivation, and autonomous teaching motivation predicted perceived teaching success. In the research domain, competence and job satisfaction predicted autonomous motivation, professional balance predicted controlled motivation, and both controlled and autonomous motivation predicted perceived success. The second study expanded upon the first study by examining data from a much larger sample (N=651) of faculty from 11 universities in the United States. Quantitative findings revealed that married faculty reported more relatedness, autonomous motivation, and perceived success in research, more personal balance and more job satisfaction than unmarried faculty. Faculty with children reported more perceived research success and personal balance than faculty without children, and men reported more autonomy, personal balance, and professional balance than women. Structural equation modeling identified the regression pathway between autonomy and external motivation were stronger for men than women, and the pathway between competence and introjected motivation was stronger for women than men. Regression pathways between autonomy and amotivation were stronger for unmarried than married faculty. In the third (N=210) a measure of external social support was included to examine how it related to motivation and success. Stepwise regression revealed that social support was a significant predictor of autonomous motivation for research and autonomous motivation predicted perceived research success. Mediation analysis with bootstrapping revealed that autonomous motivation nearly mediated the effect of social support on perceived research success. When controlling for gender, marital status, and parental status, gender was a significant predictor of autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, and perceived research success in all three steps. Results from all three studies revealed more group differences in research motivation and success than in teaching motivation and success, however, there was some indication that lack of balance related to controlled motivation for teaching. Further, findings showed that gender and marital status differences were much more evident than differences in parental status, indicating there may be more similarities than differences between academic parents. These findings must also be considered in the context of the for-profit university system that encourages faculty to achieve success for external reward, which, theoretically and empirically, does not produce the best outcomes. In other words, for the greatest success outcomes (e.g., high rankings, funding, production of knowledge), higher education should be interested in fostering environments that support the genuine scholarly and pedagogical interests of facult
Applying The 4D Model Of The Country Image To Explore The Relationship Between Saudi Arabia’s Sport Diplomacy And Its Perceived Image Among American Adults
Get PDFThis study investigated the relationship between Saudi Arabia’s sports diplomacy and strategy of hosting major international sports events and its image among American adults. Notably, the Saudi government’s strategic use of hosting sports events aligns with the goals of Saudi Vision 2030, fostering economic diversification and promoting tourism. The conducted study examined American adults’ exposure to international sports events held in Saudi Arabian, this exposure’s correlation with the image of the country, and potential differences in the perception of Saudi Arabian between American adults who have been exposed to sports events in Saudi Arabia and those who have not. A quantitative online survey method was employed to collect data from 387 participants from the U.S using a nonprobability sampling method. The participants were recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). The study aimed to address the gap in existing research by exploring the specific connection between international sports events hosted and held in Saudi Arabia and its image among American adults. The findings revealed a statistically significant mean difference in perceptions of Saudi Arabia between American adults exposed to international sports events held in the country and those unexposed to such events. Furthermore, the relationship between American adults\u27 exposure to sports events in Saudi Arabia and their perceptions of the country is moderately positive
Nanoscale Frictional Properties Of Two-Dimensional SnSe and SnSe2 With Lateral Force Microscopy
Get PDFIn this study, we employed an atomic force microscopy-based lateral force microscopy technique to examine the nanoscale frictional characteristics of 2D SnSe and SnSe2 layers, and we compared these results with those of graphene, a commonly used solid lubricant. Our results revealed that both SnSe and SnSe2 layers exhibited superior lubricative performance compared to graphene with similar thicknesses. Experimental results were further substantiated by extensive Density Functional Theory calculations to understand the observed frictional properties of these materials
From Emily To Loralei To Rory: A Qualitative Textual Analysis Of Scripts From Gilmore Girls For Real-World Application
Get PDFIn the realm of interpersonal communication and intrafamilial research, one dynamic, the mother and daughter pairing, is especially poignant in exploring the ties of closeness, the openness of communication and the potential for long-term impact on a daughter’s development. When studying the mother and daughter dynamic through a work of fiction, patterns can be observed without bias, allowing for evaluation of the strength of relationship and identification of broader implication to the discipline of family communication. In this study, a textual analysis was conducted evaluating 21 exemplary episodes of the 2000s television show Gilmore Girls focused entirely on the interactions between the three primary female characters, Lorelai, Rory and Emily. By examining the communication patterns across a seven-year span and a multi-generational divide, it was determined that interpersonal relationships, though mutable and elastic, have the ability to lend credence to the development of self-esteem, personal growth and that there is room for evolution in relationships if both parties are willing and able. The observations found in this study can be broadly applied to mothers and daughters in real-world situations and the evidence collected by this study better help researchers to understand the complicated communication dynamics within families
Teacher Skills Needed For Effective Participation In Multi-Tiered Systems Of Support (MTSS): A State Framework Analysis
Get PDFThis study is a secondary data analysis that uses a validated rubric to score the degree of alignment between the teacher skills (TS) necessary for the effective implementation of Multi-Tiered Systems of Support (MTSS) and the preservice teacher training standards (PTS) across five states located in the North Central United States. This investigation also assessed whether states employing an MTSS process to establish special education eligibility for specific learning disabilities (SLD) exhibit higher alignment between TS and PTS compared to states that do not follow that process. Literature outlines the TS needed in an MTSS framework, but there is limited information about how PTS addresses these skills. The implementation of an MTSS framework is supported to best achieve compliance with federal laws, many state regulations, as well as ethical imperatives. This study found that the PTS from the five states examined had Indirect Alignment with the TS needed for effective implementation of an MTSS framework. This inquiry determined that there were not necessarily higher degrees of alignment between TS and PTS in states that required an MTSS process for determining eligibility for SLD. To address the lower degree of alignment between TS and PTS, a professional development plan for new and tenured teachers was developed to target the two least aligned TS domains
The Relationship Between Social Determinants Of Health And Maternal Risk Factors With Severe Maternal Morbidity
Get PDFSevere maternal morbidity (SMM) remains a significant public health concern in the United States, with rates rising despite advancements in obstetric care. While extensive research has examined the role of clinical risk factors in SMM, less attention has been given to the influence of social determinants of health (SDOH). Factors such as financial insecurity, food access, housing stability, intimate partner violence, social connectedness, and transportation barriers may contribute to maternal health disparities. This study aims to assess the relationship between SDOH and SMM, evaluating how these non-clinical factors shape maternal health outcomes. Additionally, this research explores the impact of maternal risk factors—including tobacco use, alcohol use, stress, physical activity, and depression—and rurality on SMM outcomes.This study utilizes a retrospective quantitative approach, analyzing a dataset of over 33,000 deliveries. Missing data were handled using listwise deletion, resulting in a dataset of 6,840 cases. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analyses were conducted to identify significant differences between SMM and non-SMM cases across SDOH. Logistic regression models were employed to assess the predictive strength of SDOH and maternal risk factors on maternal morbidity. The analysis was conducted in three models: (1) assessing the role of SDOH, (2) including maternal risk factors, and (3) including rurality to examine geographic disparities. The results indicate that financial insecurity and intimate partner violence are significantly associated with SMM outcomes. These findings support the critical need for healthcare providers and healthcare systems to integrate social and behavioral risk screening into prenatal care to improve maternal health outcomes. Addressing the intersection of SDOH and maternal health through early interventions and targeted support may be essential in reducing maternal morbidity and achieving health equity
Investigating Teacher Leadership: A Phenomenological Study On Improving Teacher Efficacy Through Peer Coaching And Mentorship
Get PDFThis study investigates the roles of teacher leadership in enhancing teacher efficacy through mentorship and peer coaching. It examines the impact of these programs in educational settings, providing insights into their effects on efficacy. Using a phenomenological approach, in-depth interviews were conducted with mentors, administrators, and participating teachers, revealing perspectives on the strengths, weaknesses, and suggestions for improvement of the program. Thematic analysis of the data offered comprehensive insights into the experiences of participants. The findings highlight the important role of mentorship and peer coaching in enhancing teacher efficacy through five themes: Teacher Efficacy and Professional Growth, Transition and Adaptation, Collaborative Practices, Supportive Structures for New Educators, and Professional Identity Formation. By utilizing Van Kaam\u27s phenomenological framework, the study emphasizes the significance of collaborative relationships and accountability in promoting continuous educator development. The results indicate a need for supportive structures that foster resilience and a sense of belonging within educational communities. Understanding the impact of these programs is crucial for shaping effective educational policies and improving student learning outcomes
Comparative Efficacy and Preference of Estrogen Cream or Gel vs. Vaginal Ring Estrogen for Hormone Replacement Therapy in Menopausal Individuals
Get PDF• Menopause is a natural, nonpathological event that occurs due to decreasing estrogen levels. • One of the most reported symptom of menopause is urogenital atrophy, also known as vaginal atrophy. • Symptoms include vaginal pruritus, dyspareunia, dryness, dysuria, postcoital bleeding, and tightness due to the thinning and reduced elasticity of the vaginal mucosa. • Local estrogen therapy is the preferred treatment option due to its minimal systemic absorption, potentially safe option for menopausal patients with hormone-sensitive conditions, and it is easily adjustable to symptom severity. • The purpose of this literature review is to compare two common delivery methods, estrogen creams or gels versus the estrogen ring, to determine the most preferred and effective approach for symptom relief. • Future research could explore the comparative safety and efficacy of local versus systemic HRT, and alternative delivery methods such as local estrogen pellets or menopause-specific IUDs. Studies examining the ease of administration for patients with mobility issues, such as arthritis, could also provide valuable datahttps://commons.und.edu/pas-grad-posters/1331/thumbnail.jp
The Effects of Excessive Screen Time on Children
No full textThis paper examines the effects of excessive screen time in children. Screen time is considered “excessive” in children when it is over an hour or two per day. Too much screen time can heavily impact a child’s life physically, psychologically, developmentally, and socially. This paper focuses specifically on how screen time affects attention, language development, eating habits, and sleep