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Dynamic Wellbore-Integrity Framework For Post-Blowout Capping Of Offshore Wells
No full textIn the aftermath of a blowout, a well undergoes a period of unrestricted fluid discharge (de facto primary recovery) followed by pressure buildup after its shut-in, which can adversely impact wellbore integrity. The quintessential example is Union Oil’s 1969 “A-21” well blowout in California’s Santa Barbara Channel, where seafloor-broaching incidents (oil “boilups”) kept taking place from the sides of the well following several failed well-capping attempts, until reservoir depletion eventually allowed a successful shut-in.Analytical and numerical reservoir depletion models are coupled with near-wellbore geomechanics to quantify yardsticks related to the post-blowout discharge utilized to indicate dangers for underground blowouts, in the form of tensile failures on the borehole walls, occurring after well capping. Following the MC 252-1 “Macondo Well” blowout in 2010, as part of blowout-contingency planning, U.S. laws mandate “worst-case-discharge” (WCD) flowrate and volume calculations, before an offshore well is spudded. Predictive tools can assist blowout-contingency planning through comparisons between these pre-spud WCD predictions and critical discharge amounts (quantifying fluid volumes required to be withdrawn from the reservoir before a specific shut-in can be implemented successfully) for selecting an appropriate well-capping strategy, ensuring that the pressures inside the wellbore after shut-in remain below the formation’s tensile failure limits, suppressing underground blowouts that can potentially lead to seafloor broaches. The likelihood of “passive” self-killing via borehole collapse (while the kick evolves to a blowout) was found to be an unreliable operational strategy upon which contingency plans cannot be relied. For “active” post-blowout response options, the developed workflow assists selections between two surface-controlled intervention categories, where the blown well’s shut-in is facilitated by a subsea-capping stack (SCS) installed on the damaged blowout preventer (BOP): an immediate “Cap-and-Restrain” or a delayed “Cap-and-Divert” approach. Leveraging three-dimensional, two-phase reservoir simulations, this workflow was applied a-posteriori to Macondo Well’s blowout conditions, generating pressure-response-curve (PRC) sets through history-matching against field data. Such simulation outputs can be used to derive data-driven corrections for existing physics-based models. Before the appropriate threshold is reached, Cap-and-Divert is necessary to reduce reservoir pressure, allowing the SCS to be safely shut-in. Once this threshold is surpassed, a Cap-and-Restrain strategy becomes viable
Cultivating DEIA Skills in Open Education Research: The Impact of Targeted Fellowship Support
No full textIn order to conduct effective research in open education, one needs skills in diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility. To address this need, a DEIA expert provided consultation to the members and mentor of a fellowship for open education researchers. After completing the fellowship, the researchers were asked to complete a survey about DEIA research skill development during the fellowship and their perceived challenges in DEIA research. Fellows (N = 42) across cohorts indicated growth in DEIA research skills during the fellowship. Notably, fellows who received DEIA consultation described more sophisticated development of DEIA research skills than fellows without the consultation. Fellows also reported challenges in DEIA research skills due to the current political climate, limited funding opportunities, and concerns about support from their institutions
A Drop in Time
No full textCeramic raindrop, installs on wall.https://commons.und.edu/uac-all/4929/thumbnail.jp
Rep. Redlin and Sen. Burdick
No full textRepresentative Rolland Redlin and Senator Quentin Burdick converse with the U.S. Capitol Dome as a backdrop.https://commons.und.edu/nd-politics-photos/1613/thumbnail.jp
Deputy State Treasurer Robert Hanson
No full textAn undated photograph of Deputy State Treasurer Robert Hanson. In addition to this role, Hanson served as State Treasurer from 1979 until 1980 and from 1985 until 1992. He was also the North Dakota Tax Commissioner from 1993 to 1996.https://commons.und.edu/nd-politics-photos/1620/thumbnail.jp
Rez Runner
No full textA black and white carved wood horse with red, blue, and white beads in a striped pattern in the middle of the horse. There are red markings along the horses body.https://commons.und.edu/native-art/1147/thumbnail.jp
Growing Up, Song Lyrics, 2002
No full textSong lyrics for Growing Up by Bill Gessner. Nine sheets of paper, which includes seven drafts of the lyrics and two drafts of the lead sheet. Though the first draft is not dated, we can assume the lyrics was drafted nearly on a date close to the second draft which is on April 1, 2022. We assume because all drafts were produced by following a periodical gap of few days between each. The 3rd, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh drafts were done respectively on April 10, June 3, June 22, June 27, and July 6 in 2002. The last few parts of the first draft are quite different than other drafts. From second to the last draft, gradually Gessner has changed different parts of the lyrics such as adding or omitting words and lines, putting side notes in different places of the lyrics and so on. After several modifications, the final draft becomes quite different than the first one. This lyric addresses the natural way of growing up of the children. Here, the growing up of the children are metaphorically represented through the portrayal of growing up of the lilies, sap, kittens, filly etc.https://commons.und.edu/gessner-lyrics/1066/thumbnail.jp
Office Supplies, Song Lyrics, 1999
No full textSong lyrics for Office Supplies by Bill Gessner. Two pages total, typed in a word document. These typed pages include the date written, and the date of revisions. In this song, Gessner writes of his obsession with office supplies and his trip to the grocery store.https://commons.und.edu/gessner-lyrics/1025/thumbnail.jp
Minneapolis Sound, Song Lyrics, undated
No full textSong lyrics for Minneapolis Sound” by Bill Gessner. A photocopy of a handwritten notebook page. Talks about Minneapolis as a place and the time he spent there. This song doesn\u27t have a chorus.https://commons.und.edu/gessner-lyrics/1052/thumbnail.jp