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Safety and Efficacy of Combined Glucosamine and Chondroitin Supplementation in Osteoarthritis
No full text• Over 30 million U.S. adults have osteoarthritis, often experiencing pain, stiffness, and swelling that impacts daily activities. • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used but carry risks like gastrointestinal, renal, and cardiovascular complications. • This literature review evaluates the efficacy and safety of glucosamine and chondroitin supplementation as an alternative treatment. • The combination of glucosamine and chondroitin supplementation is considered safe. • The current research shows mixed results regarding pain reduced or improved physical function in osteoarthritis patients. • A literature review was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar. • Keywords and MeSH terms identified studies focused on glucosamine and chondroitin combination treatments.https://commons.und.edu/pas-grad-posters/1337/thumbnail.jp
PAIN NEUROSCIENCE EDUCATION WITH A VETERAN POPULATION
No full textIntroduction: In 2021, upper extremity (UE) injuries accounted for 21.3% of injuries by U.S. active duty service members (Mahlmann et al., 2024). Right or left shoulder pain were the top two diagnoses in active-duty service members between fiscal years 2016 and 2021, with overuse/non-specific injury being the most common UE injury (Isaacson et al., 2024). Pain often follows service members after discharge. It is estimated 66% of the 20 million Veterans in the United States experience musculoskeletal pain, and chronic pain is more intense in a Veteran population, limiting their ability to engage in preferred activities of daily living (Areias et al., 2024; U.S. Department of Veteran’s Affairs, 2021).
Problem: Occupational therapists saw 14% of all direct care UE musculoskeletal injuries in outpatient settings (Isaacson et al., 2024). Hand therapy specialists often see clients in outpatient settings. Ninety-eight percent of hand therapy specialists report that their clients identify pain as a symptom of UE injury (Stern & Howe, 2020). Pain is one of the most common outcome measures used by occupational therapists and hand therapy specialists (Grice, 2015; Takata et al., 2019). However, many occupational therapists and hand therapy specialists have limited pain science and neurophysiology understanding, and nearly one-fourth are unfamiliar with impairment-based assessments, making it difficult to provide effective pain interventions based on objective measures (Grice, 2015; Stern & Howe, 2020).
Methodology: The Ecological Model of Human Performance (Dunn, 2017) was used to guide this scholarly project. A comprehensive literature review was conducted on topics related to pain, pain neuroscience education (PNE), occupational therapy and pain, and current evidence-based practice in the hand therapy practice context. The current literature and information gleaned from key communities of interest were compiled to create the resulting product.
Results: The products of this scholarly project were therapist and client educational materials to educate therapists and clients about pain, pain neurophysiology, PNE, and reconceptualizing pain in order to promote PNE in UE rehabilitation in the hand therapy practice context with Veterans. This scholarly project supported the use of PNE in a hand therapy practice context with a Veteran population. This scholarly project allowed hand therapy specialists to implement PNE with their interventions to provide more holistic client care
CHRONIC PAIN MANAGEMENT IN ADULTS IN RURAL AREAS AND ITS EFFECT ON HEALTH AND WELL-BEING: AN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPIST’S GUIDE FOR CLIENTS
Get PDFBackground: Chronic pain is a common problem among individuals in the United States (Cleveland Clinic, 2021). It can affect any area of occupation including activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), health management, rest and sleep, education, work, play, leisure, and social participation (American Occupational Therapy Association, 2020). It can also negatively influence an individual’s overall health, well-being, and quality of life (Cleveland Clinic, 2021).
Purpose: The purpose of this scholarly project was to address the need for additional resources for individuals living in rural areas who experience chronic pain to help manage their health and symptoms, increase their engagement in meaningful occupations, and enhance their overall well-being and quality of life.
Method: An occupation-based, model-driven needs assessment including a thorough literature review was completed. The model of human occupation (MOHO) was chosen to guide this project due to the main components of volition, habituation, and performance capacity as well as the environment, and how each can be applied to chronic pain (Kielhofner & Burke, 1980).
Results: A website entitled ChrOnic Pain Education (COPE): Strategies to Enhance Well-Being was created for clients and occupational therapy practitioners to use in the clinic and at home.
Conclusion: The COPE website will help individuals with chronic pain living in rural areas manage their symptoms through the occupation of health management. It will also help practitioners who are working with clients with chronic pain. By using the COPE website, individuals can improve their overall well-being and quality of life
THE ROLE OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY IN VISION REHABILITATION IN THE RURAL OUTPATIENT SETTING
Get PDFBackground: Vision is a complex part of the sensory system that is often overlooked in patient care or mistaken for cognitive impairment (Aravich & Troxell, 2021). As visual disruption often comes secondary to a plethora of physical and cognitive health conditions, addressing the visual system is part of the role of occupational therapy in treating clients holistically. There is a lack of available resources to support practitioners in rural outpatient settings in working with patients who have vision-related complications. Oculomotor skills are one of the three foundational skills considering at the visual system (Warren, 1993) and has multiple subskills underlying them which are frequently impaired and overlooked in patient care.
Purpose: This purpose of this capstone product is to aid occupational therapy practitioners in rural outpatient settings support patients with oculomotor deficits. There are limited resources available for occupational therapy practitioners to screen and provide interventions for patients with oculomotor deficits in the fast-paced environment of the rural outpatient setting. Furthermore, it is essential that rural OT practitioners situate themselves in a way to support patients with vision deficits due to the frequent lack of available eye care and vision therapy services in many rural regions. The product outcome includes a quick and easy-to-use oculomotor screening tool, an intervention guide, and patient handouts to support rural practitioners and patients with oculomotor deficits.
Methodology: A review of current literature was completed in preparation for the Doctoral Experiential Capstone (DEC) placement. Upon arrival, a needs assessment was completed and informal interviews with local optometrists took place to understand the prevalence and need for visual rehabilitation services in this area. The target population for vision screening applicability was identified. The Ecology of Human Performance model (EHP) (Dunn et al., 1994); (Dunn, 2017) as well as Warren’s Hierarchal Model of Visual Processing (Warren, 1993) was used to guide the development of the final product
Supporting Students’ Sensory Needs: A Guidebook for Educators Using Sensory Closets
No full textIntroduction: Occupational therapy practitioners can provide holistic, client-centered care that considers each student’s physical, cognitive, social and emotional needs. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act considers occupational therapists to be specialized instructional support personnel (Pfirman et al., 2023). Pfirman et al. (2023) demonstrated the need for school-based programming and how interdisciplinary teams can help with prevention and wellness. As occupational therapists, we can bridge the mental and behavioral health needs and the skills the students need to be successful in school and life. Literature also showed occupational therapists work as instrumental and beneficial for therapy teams in providing sensory interventions. The goal of this project and resulting product was for educators to be able to use sensory tools for their students to help them better access and participate in their education.
Methodology: A literature review was completed to gather evidence-based literature for school-based practice and sensory regulation in classrooms. The Ecology of Human Performance (Dunn, 2017) model was used to inform the creation of sensory closets and guidebook. These closets will be a holding place for teachers to borrow different sensory diet tools and guidebook. A guidebook was created for educators, outlining appropriate tools for their students\u27 needs. It also includes a Response to Intervention (RTI) handout to guide teachers through a multi-tiered approach.
Product: A guidebook for educators in elementary schools was created to inform them on appropriate sensory tools and breaks to use when students are dysregulated. It is broken down into different sensory areas: movement, posture support, auditory, visual, and tactile. This will vi allow occupational therapists and educators to collaborate and implement multi-tiered approaches.
Conclusions: This product is being rolled out into five different elementary programs in a school district. It has the potential to be an effective tool for other elementary programs. One limitation of this product is that the RTI handouts will need to be replenished if programs decide to use a physical copy of the guidebook instead of a digital copy. The guidebook will give teachers more autonomy when supporting their students, allow for collaboration between educators and occupational therapists, and may help alleviate some workload stressors of school-based practitioners
Slow Motion, Song Lyrics, 1999
No full textSong lyrics for Slow Motion by Bill Gessner. Three separate pages which all include the same typewritten lyrics, with the first page having handwritten notes. A reflective mediation on inner stillness and the quiet beauty of surrendering to the flow of life.https://commons.und.edu/gessner-lyrics/1013/thumbnail.jp
Exploring The Experiences Of First-Year Pre-Nursing Students’ Sense Of Belonging In A Living-Learning Community And First-Year Seminar
Get PDFMany factors may influence how a student experiences their first year adjusting to college life. The University of North Dakota, a public research institution located in Grand Forks, ND, recently implemented a nursing living-learning community (LLC) comprised of first-year, pre-nursing students, which also required the students to take a one-credit first-year seminar (FYS) together, known as UNIV 101 – Introduction to University Life. A total of 10 participants who resided within this living-learning community for a minimum of one academic year and were enrolled in the same section of UNIV 101 during their first semester submitted reflection papers. Additionally, eight of those students were interviewed. The interviews focused on students’ overall experiences within the nursing LLC and FYS and their understanding and feelings surrounding their sense of belonging. This case study used Tinto’s student integration theory to explore how the students experienced a sense of belonging by looking closely at the social and academic aspects. The qualitative data collected through the reflection papers and individual interviews were then evaluated using inductive thematic analysis. This revealed four themes: facing similar college adjustment challenges, onboarding to the nursing program, socialization to the nursing profession, and sense of belonging matters. The information gathered helps UND and its nursing program better understand the experiences of first-year, pre-nursing students and develop programming and interventions to enhance the student experience and subsequently increase student retention. This study concludes by proposing a revision to the first-year seminar course, transforming it into two one-credit courses that nursing programs at other institutions could adopt
Measuring The Clinical Effectiveness Of Telenutrition Medical Nutrition Therapy Among American Indian And Alaska Native Adults Newly Diagnosed With Type 2 Diabetes
Get PDFThe COVID-19 global pandemic was the impetus of the transition from in-person medical nutrition therapy (MNT) visits to telephone MNT. This occurred without evaluation of its clinical effectiveness, especially for American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN). It is known that in-person MNT is clinically effective at lowering hemoglobin A1c (A1c) and that people with diabetes who experience food insecurity have poorer health. However, research characterizing food insecurity among AI/ANs is limited. This retrospective observational analytical study was conducted at the Phoenix Indian Medical Center (PIMC) in Phoenix, Arizona to assess the clinical effectiveness of telephone delivered MNT services by a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN). The study also assessed the frequency of food insecurity screening. The sample included those who were non-pregnant AI/AN adults and who were newly diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) between 2022 and 2023 at the PIMC. A total of 166 individuals met the inclusion criteria; 30% received telephone MNT and 70% did not engage in any MNT. When comparing the participants who received telephone MNT to those who did not, there were no significant differences in participant age, gender, primary care provider (PCP), pre- and post-A1c test results, or medications prescribed. However, regression analysis demonstrated a significant relationship between participants who received medical nutrition therapy via telephone and improved A1c levels (p \u3c0.05). Results also revealed that only 20% of MNT recipients were screened for food insecurity. Medical nutrition therapy can be successfully delivered over the telephone to reduce or manage the A1c levels of AI/AN adults with Type 2 diabetes. However, there is still significant work that must be done to ensure all individuals are screened for food insecurity. The results of this research offer important clinical practice implications for registered dietitian nutritionists practicing with Indian Health Service, Tribal and Urban Indian Health Organizations
Beyond All Possible Doubt? The Shifting Of A Juror’s Conviction Threshold In Criminal Cases Based On Charge, Sentence, And Evidence
Get PDFIn criminal trials, jurors must make a decision that will forever change the defendant’s life (Couloute & Kopf, 2018), during which jurors may consider the impact that not convicting a guilty person may have (i.e., Type II error) or if the charge is worth the crime regardless of the defendant’s guilt (i.e., Type I error). Jurors may raise their conviction thresholds if they feel a type II error is favorable to a type I error. Researchers have discovered that in cases where charge severity (e.g., Kerr, 1978) or the perceived sentence (e.g., Kaplan & Krupa, 1986) is higher, jurors shift their conviction thresholds to requiring more confidence in the defendant’s guilt to convict (Martin & Schum, 1987). However, previous literature has not simultaneously examined the relationship between charge severity, sentence severity, and the strength of the evidence. In the proposed research, participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 18 conditions in a 3 (severity of charge: first-degree murder, second-degree murder, or voluntary manslaughter) x 3 (severity of sentence: 7 – 9 years in prison, 20 – 25 years in prison, or life in prison without the possibility of parole) x 2 (evidence strength: strong or weak) factorial design. Charge, sentence, and evidence strength were hypothesized but not found to increase a juror’s conviction threshold through increasing type I error concern. The interaction between charge severity and sentence severity on a juror’s type I error concern was significant only when the defendant faced first-degree murder, compared to second-degree, but was recommended a sentence of 7 – 9 years in prison. Findings suggest that conviction threshold may be a stable trait among mock jurors. Future research should explore other extra-legal factors that could impact a juror’s conviction threshold and type I error concern
Assessment Of Medical Laboratory Science Student Motivation And Perceived Transfer Of Knowledge Towards Information Literacy
Get PDFInformation literacy skills are a cornerstone of higher education as they allow students to effectively locate, evaluate, and utilize information from various sources. Evidence-Based Practice, a process commonly used in healthcare for decision making, incorporates using the best available research, one’s clinical expertise, and the patient’s values. Information literacy is foundational to developing evidence-based practice skills. Medical Laboratory Scientists (MLS) utilize evidence-based practice to assist in making decisions about clinical laboratory tests and processes to ensure quality in testing and the appropriate use of resources; therefore, it is important for MLS programs to include elements of evidence-based practice into their curriculum. However, it is unknown how incorporating information literacy assignments in MLS curriculum impacts students’ readiness to use information literacy and ultimately evidence-based practice in the workforce. Motivation is a critical factor for student success. This study investigated student motivation for using information literacy skills, their perception of their information literacy skills, their performance in information literacy assignments, and their perceived transfer of knowledge of information literacy skills to the workplace. Self-Determination Theory and Perceived Transfer of Knowledge were used as frameworks to guide this research. Sixty students enrolled in their final semester of an MLS professional program were sent surveys assessing their perception of their information literacy skills, their motivation towards information literacy, and their perceived transfer of knowledge of information literacy skills. Two separate surveys were conducted, one prior to completing a culminating information literacy assignment and one after completing the assignment. To assess student performance, a sampling of information literacy assignments was assessed using the American Association of Colleges and Universities (AAC&U) Information Literacy VALUE rubric. Results showed that students’ motivation towards using information literacy, and their perception of their information literacy skills were higher after writing a culminating information literacy assignment. In addition, the type of motivation was a better predictor of a student’s perceived transfer of knowledge than their confidence in their information literacy skills. This study provides evidence that information literacy assignments incorporated into the MLS curriculum support the development of information literacy skills, and thus evidence-based practice skills. Further, students with high levels of autonomous motivation feel more confident in their abilities to transfer information literacy skills into the workplace