American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS)
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Economic Efficiency of Debris-flow Control
Get PDFDebris-flow is one of the most formidable manifestations of nature. A debris-flow moving along the bed of the debris-flow-carrying river on its way destroys bridges, roadways, roads, hydro-technical and other facilities, causes significant damage to agricultural land, residential buildings, social infrastructure, poses a serious danger to the life and health of the population. A possible way to solve this problem is the construction of engineering structures that ensure the protection of the population living in the area at risk of debris-flow passing, the preservation of both natural and man-made material assets. It is determined that the dependence of the Net Present Value (NPV) on the frequency of the debris-flow passage has a hyperbolic character. The value of NPV reaches its maximum with the annual passage of the debris-flow. With a decrease in the frequency of debris-flow passing, the efficiency of capital investments in a protective structure decreases sharply
Institutional Factors and Implementation of Strategic Plans in Program for Appropriate Technology in Health: A Case Study of Kisumu County, Kenya
Get PDFStrategy implementation is continually becoming a key challenge for organizations in these modern times. The business context in which Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH) is operating is an ever-changing environment. The organization has been faced by challenges in implementing their strategies such as lack of strategic consensus and clarity, little reward, no relief from normal responsibilities for implementers, coordinating and integrating activities of participating individuals and functions and lack of honest upward conversations about barriers and underlying causes by top-down management style. In this regard this study sought to determine the influence of institutional Factors on successful implementation of strategic plans in PATH. The specific objectives of the study were to establish the influence of communication, organizational structure, resource allocation and organizational culture on successful implementation of strategic plans. The study was guided by contingency theory, the cybernetics theory and the resource dependency theory. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The unit of analysis was PATH and the unit of observation was 10 managers and 80 support staff of PATH. A census of 90 respondents was carried out. Questionnaires were used as data collection instruments. Descriptive statistical analysis such as mean and standard deviation was used to analyze quantitative and presented in terms of tables, frequencies, graphs and charts. Multiple regression analysis was carried out to analyze data. The study revealed that communication, organizational structure, resource allocation and organizational culture positively and significantly influenced strategy implementation. The study concludes that communication helps management of PATH to share its mission, vision and values with employees and to achieve specific goals.The structure of PATH helps in streamlining operations, improving decision making, operating in multiple market locations, enhancing customer service, and boosting employee performance and creativity. Resource allocation helps PATH to improve effectiveness and efficiency of activities in order to make savings that will improve the overall implementation of strategic plan of the organization. The organization’s culture is often the most important determiner in successful implementation in PATH. The study recommends that the management of PATH should not over rely on written communication by presenting the strategic plan in many different ways and be creative with how they present your plan. The management of PATH should pinpoint the key functions and tasks requisite for successful strategy execution, reflect on how the strategy-critical functions and organizational units relate to those that are routine and to those that provide staff support, make strategy-critical business units and functions the main organizational building blocks, determine the degrees of authority needed to manage each organizational unit. The management of PATH needs to have sufficient funds and enough time to support strategy implementation. The management of PATH should adopt a culture that is dynamic, flexible and adaptive
Effect of Embedded Length on Laterally Loaded Capacity of Pile Foundation
Get PDFIn the analysis of soil-pile interaction under lateral load, the effect of the embedded length of a pile is an important parameter which has a significant influence on its lateral load capacity. This paper investigates the effect of embedded length of a single pile on its ultimate lateral load capacity. In this research, a 30mm steel rod pile was used, and four embedment lengths were selected (250, 300, 350, and 400 mm) for embedment ratios (length to diameter, L/D) = 8.3, 10, 11.7 and 13.3, respectively. The pile was embedded in three different relative densities of sand (loose, medium, and dense). The tests were performed using constant rate displacement method. The results indicate that there is an increase in the capacity of laterally loaded pile up to 247% when embedded ratio (L/D) increases from 8.3 to 13.3 and when the relative density increases from 12% to 85% there is an increase up to 599% in the resistant capacity of the pile
System to System Communication Using Mixed Mode Allocation Resource and Transmission
Get PDFThe mobile communication systems with optional system-to-system (S2S) links, user components (UCs) can work in either S2S mode or mobile mode for information transport. This paper produce mixed-mode S2S communication throughout that S2S links can work in many modes through resource multiplexing. among this framework, we tend to review the matter of increasing weighted S2S add rate beneath mobile rate constraints by optimizing mixed-mode allocation and resource allocation in term of emitted power and subchannel assignment. as a results of non-convex mobile rate constraints and binary constraints of subchannel allocation, this downside may be a non-convex mixed-integer downside that is typically hard to unravel. wetend to propose a ballroom dance approach by introducing energy-splitting variables such as mixed-mode allocation and resource allocation are decoupled and optimized severally. the following formula are distributive, desires little signal mixed and has little device complexity. We try to gift full numerical results to demonstrate the utility of our projected formula with relevance varied network parameters
The Result of Some Biomarker of Free Radical-Peroxidation of Lipids and Antioxidant System of Experimental Acute Infarction Model Induced by Coronary Artery Occlusion in Rats
Get PDFBackground: Recently years, Increasing coronary artery disease, diabetes, and cancer in the worldwide. Epidemiological studies indicate that ischemic heart disease will constitute the major disease-burden worldwide by the year 2020. Myocardial infarction is invariably followed by numerous pathophysiological and biochemical alterations including hyperlipidemia, thrombosis, lipid peroxidation and free radical damage etc., leading to qualitative and quantitative changes of myocardium. Determination of in blood serum and cardiac tissue homogenate levels of cardiac biomarker cardiac specific troponin I and estimation of lipid peroxidation products and some antioxidants enzymes of experimental acute infarction model induced by coronary artery occlusion in rats. Materials and methods: Adult male Wistar rats, weighting approximately 180 to 200±20 gram, used for the experiment. The were divided randomly into 2 groups (6-8 animals in each group). They were distributed as follow: first group (healthy, non treatment), second group (control, experimental acute infarction model induced by coronary artery occlusion in rats, non treatment). We did coronary occlusion induced myocardial ischemia by Kogan A.K., Ambaga M /1979/‘s method.The experiment is 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th 21st days blood samples were collected and used to determine in blood serum and cardiac tissue homogenate levels of cardiac biomarker cardiac specific troponin I (CTn-I) and estimation of lipid peroxidation products (MDA, SA, LPO) and some antioxidants enzymes (SOD, GSH, GSH-px) were estimated using standard rat ELISA KIT by enzyme-linked immunesorbent assay. Result: Determination of cardiac troponin-I levels in blood serum of experimental acute infarction model induced by coronary artery occlusion in rats increased by 31.9-58.4% in the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th 21st days of the test compared to healthy groups. The cardiac biomarker cardiac specific troponin I is indicative for cardiomyocyte damage and is currently used in the diagnosis and prognosis of myocardial ischemia. Experimental acute infarction model induced by coronary artery occlusion in white rats, it is sufficiently shown that from day 1-21 MDA in plasma increased by 43.9 – 76.3%, plasma SA by 18.3-49.8% and LPO by 12.8-38.3%. This results in necrosis of cells and tissues, dissolving of membrane and stimulation of pathogenesis of disruption of membrane parts. It is also shown that substances such as endogen and antioxidant decreases in heart ischemia. Conclusion: Determination of increased level are lipid peroxidation products (MDA, SA, LPO, CTn-I), and decreased level are antioxidants (SOD, GSH, GSH-px) in blood serum of experimental acute infarction model induced by coronary artery occlusion in rats, it seems to induced of pathogenesis of coronary disease and infarction myocardium while the accumulation of lipid product cause to damage the cell membrane
Development of an Automatic Broiler Feeding System using PLC and HMI for Closed House System
Get PDFNowadays, the industrial revolution is changing many aspects of life, including how to raise broilers. The development of modern breeding methods for broilers is by using closed house system innovations. This system has several advantages, including temperature and humidity that must be maintained for broilers. In addition, to temperature and humidity, the broiler feeding systems also needs to be controlled because it will improve the quality of broilers. It is caused by the utilization of the majority of conventional feeding systems. Therefore, this research will develop a prototype of an automatic broiler chicken feeding system for the closed house system that is affordable for conventional chicken farmers. The main components used are PLC for system control applications, HMI for visualization display, and 2 proximity sensors as detectors. This automatic feeding system uses two proximity sensors that are controlled by a PLC, and settings using the SIMATIC Manager software. The prototype of the automatic broiler chicken feed system produced is very effective in use
An Investigation on the Premature Failure of Spur Gear in Coal Stacker Reclaimer: Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Analysis
Get PDFIn this paper, the premature failure of the spur gear on the coal stacker reclaimer system is reported. Fault failure that occurs in the driving spur gear which is made from AISI 4340 steel with respect to the composition of nickel, carbon, chromium, mangan and molybdenum. The spur gear has been operating for about three years when several teeth failed. A tooth in the driving gear is failed where a part of a tooth is separated and torn from its main gear body. An integrity evaluation of this driving spur gear including visual examination, photo documentation, chemical analysis, hardness measurement, metallographic examination and also a tensile strength test. The failure zone is examined by an electron microscope equipped with EDX facilities. Premature failure is associated with porosities present inside the gear bodies which propagate and torn a gear tooth. The hardness around the failed tooth also increase based on the Rockwell Hardness Test. The gear actually able to receive the designed load on the coal stacker and reclaimer based on the yield strength which around 834.73 MPa and the maximum tensile strength is around 921.39 MPa
Building Sustainable Supply Chain Investment Decisions Through Financial Analysis - Case Study of Lusaka SMEs
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper was to establish whether there is a relationship between the ability to analyse financial statements by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Lusaka and their investment decisions. The study was quantitative in nature; data was collected through the distribution of questionnaires. The study used a probability sampling method known as cluster sampling in which the population was divided into clusters selected from all of its elements (SMEs) Selection of the cluster for the sample was done using the simple random sampling technique. Deductive reasoning was used in the research process with the intention to depart from the general theories and understanding concerning what influences investors’ investment decisions and it took time to actually study and analyse the information on the ground before either confirming or disputing the already existing theories about the use of financial statements in investment decisions. The findings of the study after testing the hypothesis showed that there was a significant relationship between investment decisions which was the dependent variable and the three independent variables (Knowledge of financial statement analysis, Credibility of Financial Statements and Access to Financial Statements). The study therefore concluded that these three factors, with the intervening variable of adequacy of information in financial statements, can influence the investment decisions of small and medium enterprises that may wish to invest their money into firms. The study has highlighted four variables that can influence a potential investor’s decision and companies that wish to attract investors can use the findings of this study to improve in areas of their operations that may dissuade potential investors from investing with them
Vision Based Vehicles Detection for Intelligence Transportation Systems
Get PDFResearch in advanced driver help machine (ADAS) is a vital step towards accomplishing the intention of the autonomous smart automobile. ADAS is the machine to help the driver inside the using technique due to the fact maximum road injuries took place due to human blunders. Vehicle detection and distance estimation is a crucial solution for ADAS. This paper aims to reduce traffic accidents on the road using computer vision technologies and to implement the driver assistance system. In this paper, firstly, this system inputs the video and segments the videos as the frames. After segmenting the images, vehicle detection results are represented. In the experiments, own datasets are created by capturing videos in Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar and detection results are described
Computer Simulation of Optimization Models for the Determination of Optimal Power Requirement for Liquids-Solute Mixer During Mixing Action
Get PDFThe study deal with the development of optimization models for the determination of the optimal power requirement for liquids mixers during mixing action. The impeller in question for mixing action is of the most straightforward geometrical configuration being cylindrical. The computational-algorithmic coding culminated in the determination of more or less accurate numerical values of the drive shaft optimal diameter and optimal values of the following parameters: mixing rod diameter, mixing rod length, clearance space between mixing rod end and the internal drum surface, the power required for mixing action. Analysis of the computational results confirmed that the clearance space of 0.05m and 0.15m produced the best optimal results for design and process variables for the determination of optimum power required for mixing action. The optimum power for mixing action increases as the clearance between the end of the mixing rod and the drum internal surface decreases. The mixing drum diameter is a composition of the clearance space, mixing rod diameter and the mixing rod length. The analytical value of the mixing drum diameter is all-inclusive at the clearance space of 0.05m and 0.15m